• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.236-248
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• 2013

본 연구는 정상 안모이면서 정상교합자인 37명을 대상으로 이마 형태를 분류한 후 분류 기준값을 찾아보았고 이마 분류에 따른 상악 전치의 위치차이를 연구하였다. 또 이마형태에 영향을 주는 인자들과 상악 전치의 위치와의 상관관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이마의 형태는 angular, round, straight, concave 형태로 구분 가능하다. 2. 이마의 형태를 분류할 수 있는 특정 기준 값은 존재하지 않았지만 S value와 이마길이(Tri-Gla)를 이용하여 이마형태의 분류 가능성이 존재하였다. 3. 이마의 형태에 따른 상악 전치의 위치는 차이는 존재하지 않았다. 4. 이마 기울기와 Andrews 분석값은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 갖는다. 즉 이마 기울기가 커질수록 상악 전치는 후방 위치하게 되며 다음과 같은 공식 Andrew analysis = -0.39*Forehead inclination으로 표현할 수 있다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2015

Background: Age-related changes have been studied for lower and middle facial bones. Although the forehead comprises one-third of the facial area, no studies have investigated age-related changes in the upper part of the face or forehead. The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) to investigate age-related changes in the frontal bone. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent 3D CT scan of facial bones. Patients were divided by gender and age (20 to 40 years, 41 to 60 years, and above 60 years). The frontal bone curvature was evaluated by the length of frontal bone and by two frontal bone angles in relation to the Frankfurt horizon. Results: In both genders, aging was associated with increasing lower slope length. In elderly men (>60 years), the upper slope angle was significantly higher when compared to younger male subjects. Women demonstrated similar age-related changes, but the differences were only statistically significant for the middle and older age groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates quantifiable age-related changes in the frontal bone. These findings contribute to the understanding of age-related changes of the facial soft tissues. The mean measurements in each age group can be used as a reference when planning forehead reconstruction.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.725-728
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• 2009

Four specimens of Cynoglossus larvae (3.2-7.3 mm in notochord length, NL) collected from the middle Yellow Sea in August, 2008 were identified as Cynoglossus joyneri larvae based on morphological characteristics; (1) the two elongated dorsal fin rays on the parietal region, (2) protruded abdomen, (3) no melanophores on the mediolateral trunk and tail. Larva of 3.2 mm NL is compressed with a little big head and tapering, long tail. Larva of 7.0 mm NL has 115 dorsal fin and 85 anal fin rays, which are the same to those of adult. Larva of 7.3 mm NL tended to have concave part in the fringe of forehead, in which left-side eye may move to the other side.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.30-50
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• 2007

1. Objectives Facial features are the important personal characteristics. As a study of all the standardization research about the morphology of face and head, this study was carried out to find the differences according to sex, age. 2. Methods We have collected 1140 cases of patients of the Sasang constitutional Department of Kyung-Hee Medical Center and Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital. we took pictures their frontal view, lateral view of face and measured height, breaths and projected length of face with Face Features Measurement Program(FFMP) and analyzed shape differences of face according to sex, age. 3. Results We got the morphologic characteristics of face according to sex, age. And we will upgrade the Sasangin Classification System by this Morphologic study of Head and Face. 4. Conclusions 1) The morphologic characteristics of face according to sex (1) A man's head is longer and wider than a woman's in most measurement. (2) A woman's eye is bigger in height than man's. (3) A woman's face is looked full-filled than man's. (4) A man's polion is higher than pupil but a woman's polion is lower than pupil. 2) The morphologic characteristics of face according to age (1) Young age's forehead is longer and higher than old age's. (2) Young age's eyebrow is wider than old age's (3) Young age's eye is bigger in height than old age's (4) Old age's nose is longer, wider and lower than young age's (5) Old age's ear is longer than young age's (6) Old age's bigonial breath is wider than young age's (7) Old age's low face is extinguished than you age's