• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate variables of significantly difference as the structure of the spine, pelvic deviation and foot pressure between undergraduates and golf player subjects. The subjects of study were composed of 20 male golf players and 20 male undergraduates. Both groups were right handed persons. The measurement tools of this study were Formetric 4D(Diers, Germany) which is a three dimensional measure. The result are the follows: there were a significant difference between golf players and general students of trunk imbalance, pelvic tilt, pelvic torsion, pelvic rotation, surface rotation, lumbar lordotic curve, foot pressure(fore & behind foot), weight distribution(right & left foot). In conclusion, golf players might cause transform of spine and foot pressure due to golf exercise for several years. Such as imbalance affect to induce functional impairment and pain of musculoskeletal system, and appropriate evaluation and treatment were necessary for golf players.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2016

Background: To determine the correlation Between forward head posture and plantar pressor in a McKenzie Exercise. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. There are included 20 participants with forward head posture. We measured the craniovertebral angle (CVA), cranial rotation angle (CRA) by image obtained digital camera and the plantar pressure, static balance using Gait Analyzer each before and after McKenzie Exercise. Results: There was negative correlation between CVA and CRA (p<.05). There was negative correlation between CVA and fore foot(p<.05). There was positive correlation between CRA and both fore foot (p<.05). There was negative correlation between CVA and static balance(p<.05). There was positive correlation between CRA and static balance (p<.05). Conclusions: There is a correlation between the change a mount of forward head position and plantar pressure in the McKenzie Exercise.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.196-203
• /
• 2004

In this study, a new gait phase detection system using both FSR(Force Sensing Resister) sensors and a gyrosensor was developed to detect various gait patterns. FSR sensors were put in self-designed shoe insoles and a gyrosensor was attached to the posterior aspect of a shoe. An algorithm was also developed to determine eight different gait transitions among four gait phases: heel-strike, foot-flat, heel-off and swing. The developed system was compared with the conventional gait phase detection system using only FSR sensors in various gait experiments such as level walking, fore-foot walking and stair walking. In fore-foot walking and stair walking, the developed system showed much better accuracy and reliability to detect gait phases. The developed gait phase detection system using both FSR sensors and a gyrosensor will be helpful not only to determine pathological gait phases but to apply prosthetics, orthotics and functional electrical stimulation to patients with gait disorders.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 2005

A new gait detection system using both FSR (force sensing resistor) sensors and a gyrosensor was developed to detect various gait patterns. FSR sensors were put in self-designed shoe insoles and a gyrosensor was attached to the heel of a shoe. An algorithm was also developed to determine eight different gait transitions during four gait phases: heel-strike, foot-flat, heel-off and swing. The developed system was evaluated from nine heathy mans and twelve hemiplegic patients. Healthy volunteers were asked to walk in various gait patterns: level walking, fore-foot walking and stair walking. Only the level walking was performed in hemiplegic patients. The gait detection system was compared with a optical motion analysis system and the outputs of the FSR sensors. In healthy subjects, the developed system detected successfully more than $99\%$ for both level walking and fore-foot walking. For stair walking, the successful detection rate of the system was above$97\%$. In hemiplegic patients, the developed system detected approximately 98% of gait transitions. The developed gait phase detection system will be helpful not only to determine pathological gait phases but also to apply prosthetics, orthotics and functional electrical stimulation for patients with various gait disorders.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.425-432
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between foot pressure and upper arm PNF exercise conducted with elastic bands while standing. Methods: Eighteen asymptomatic patients consented to participate in the study. Foot pressure was measured in the standing position using the Gaitview system for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) using a right upper arm pattern. Resistance strength was varied based on the type of elastic band used (red=medium, green=heavy, and blue=extra heavy). Statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a repeated one-way ANOVA, and the Bonferroni method was used for the ad hoc test (SPSS ver. 18. for Windows). Results: A significant difference was observed in fore-foot, rear-foot, and everage pressure after upper arm PNF exercise. However, there was no significant difference according to the type of elastic band. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, an upper arm PNF exercise with and without resistance may affect foot pressure in the standing position.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1527-1530
• /
• 2002

Factor analysis was applied to the phenotypic correlation matrix of 15 linear type traits (scored linearly 1 to 50 points) for 2035 Holstein cows of 38 sires computed from data collected between 1988 and 1992 in Beijing Shuangqiao Farm and Beijing Xijiao Farm. The 15 linear type traits were stature, body strength, body depth, dairy form, rump angle, rump length, rump width, rear leg side view, foot angle, fore udder attachment, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder cleft, udder depth and teat placement rear view. The first four components accounted for 49.1% of the total variance in type scores. Factor 1 reflected strong cows, with deep bodies, with long and wide rumps, and tall in stature. Factor 2 reflected cows with well attached fore udders, wide rear udders and whose udders were supported by strong suspensory ligaments with close teat placement. Factor 3 reflected cows with good dairyness, sickled in the hocks, high rear udders and udder floors above the hocks. Factor 4 reflected cows with sloping rumps from hooks to pins and with steep foot angle. Principal component and factor analyses are useful to clarify the relationships among type traits.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the plantar pressure distribution between the affected and unaffected side in adult hemiplegia during gait with the use of a quad-cane. Methods: Thirty-four stroke patients from 34 to 83 years of age were enrolled in this study, and in random order, all patients were asked to walk at their most comfortable speed three times along a walkway with the use of quad-cane over a period of three days. Plantar pressure distribution was measured with regard to foot contact pattern and center of pressure (CoP) trajectories during the stance phase, progressing from heel-strike to toe-off. The F-scan system was used to compare the foot pressure of the affected and unaffected sides. Results: A significant reduction in the total contact area, the width of fore foot (FF) and hind foot (HF), and anterior/posterior (AP) CoP trajectory of the affected side was found. However, contact pressure of the hind foot on the affected side during walking increased when compared to that on the unaffected side. Conclusion: We demonstrated that plantar pressure distribution on the affected side of adult hemiplegia patients was generally poorer than that on the unaffected side when these patients walked with cane assistance. However, the use of a quad-cane was shown to increase contact pressure of the hind foot on the affected side because weight can be borne on the affected side during heel-strike with use of the cane.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.891-897
• /
• 2013

This study is purposed to propose indices in order to achieve goals such as preventing one-sided movement of balance, preventing injuries to joints of legs, improving muscular strength of legs, and maximizing sporting achievement. In terms of methodology, this study has compared foot pressure distribution during squat exercise. This study targets 10 male students in their 20s of Department of Physical Education and 10 male students in their 20s of other departments of P University located in B City. Skilled members have been selected out of those who have had regular weight training experiences for last 3 years. As a result of analysis on impact of squat exercise on foot pressure, conclusions have been obtained as shown below. As a result of analysis on foot pressure distribution of back feet of skilled members and unskilled members during squat exercise, it was found out that foot pressure of left foot of skilled members was 0.13kgf/s, and that of unskilled members was 0.28kgf/s, showing significant difference (p<.01). As a result of analysis on foot pressure ratio of back feet of skilled members and unskilled members during squat exercise, it was found out that foot pressure ratio of left foot of skilled members was 50.03%, and that of unskilled members was 67.18%, showing significant difference(p<.01).

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2002

Purpose: We analyzed the Metatarso-Phalangeal Oblique Angle(MPOA) of Diabetic foot. Materials and methods: We studied retrospectively 60 cases of diabetic foot in 52 patients, for the evaluation of the correlations between clinical outcomes and radiologic findings in the conservative management group (Group A; 36 cases) and the major operation group (Group B; 24 cases). We measured MPOA on AP view. The MPOA was defined as the intersection angle of the Metatarso-Phalangeal Break Line (a line passing from the second to fifth metatarsal heads) and the long axis of foot in sagittal plane. We performed the statistical analysis between MPOA and clinical outcomes. by independent t-test. Results: The mean of MPOA in group B, $70.79^{\circ}$ (range: $62.8^{\circ}-81.3^{\circ}$), was significantly higher than that in group A, $68.04^{\circ}$ (range: $62.0^{\circ}-76.4^{\circ}$). The mean of MPOA in patients of fore foot lesions(30 cases), $71.30^{\circ}$ (range: $62.0^{\circ}-71.5^{\circ}$), was significantly higher than that in patients of hind foot lesions(30 cases), $66.97^{\circ}$(range: $62.8^{\circ}-81.3^{\circ}$). Conclusions: We recognized the MPOA might be useful simple parameter in assessing the diabetic foot.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation coefficients between anthropometric parameters of the foot and kinetic variables during running. Method: This study was conducted on 21 healthy young adults (age: $24.8{\pm}2.1yes$, height: $177.2{\pm}5.8cm$, body mass: $73.3{\pm}7.3kg$, foot length: $256.5{\pm}12.3mm$) with normal foot type and heel strike running. To measure the anthropometric parameters, radiographs were taken on the frontal and sagittal planes, and determined the length and width of each segment and the navicular height. Barefoot running was performed at a preferred velocity ($3.0{\pm}0.2m/s$) and a fixed velocity (4.0 m/s) on treadmill (Bertec, USA) in order to measure the kinetic variables. The vertical impact peak force, the vertical active peak force, the braking peak force, the propulsion peak force, the vertical force at mid-stance (vertical ground reaction when the foot is fully landed in mid-stance or at the point where the weight was uniformly distributed on the foot) and the impact loading rate were calculated. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between anthropometric variables and kinetical variables. The significance level was set to ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: At the preferred velocity running, the runner with longer forefoot had lower active force (r=-.448, p=.041) than the runner with short forefoot. At the fixed velocity, as the navicular height increases, the vertical force at full landing moment increases (r= .671, p= .001) and as the rearfoot length increases, the impact loading rate decreases (r=- .469, p= .032). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the length of fore-foot and rearfoot, and navicular height. Therefore it was conclude that anthropometric properties need to be considered in the foot study. It was expected that the relationship between anthropometric parameters and kinetical variables of foot during running can be used as scientific criteria and data in various fields including performance, injury and equipment development.