• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

Purpose : The enhancement of abdominal muscles increases the activation and contraction of respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. Generally, diaphragm exercises are applied to increase the breathing ability of patients with respiratory disease. Previous studies have shown that breathing capacity can be increased through abdominal muscle strengthening exercises. However, studies on breathing ability are rare and it is doubtful whether these affect respiratory ability more than diaphragm exercises. Therefore, this study seeks to compare whether abdominal exercises can improve breathing ability and whether any increase is comparable to diaphragm exercises. Methods : After selecting subjects, the place of intervention was separated for blindness. The plank group was allowed to relax for 30 seconds after 30 seconds of planking; this was set at three and increased by one set each week. Subjects in the draw-in group were allowed to relax for 30 seconds after maintaining the draw-in contraction state for 30 seconds and this was done for 15 minutes. Subjects in the control group underwent abdominal dilation for five seconds of inspiration time and expired air for five seconds by exposing the lips; breathing was performed repeatedly for 15 minutes. Subjects in each group measured their respiration function three times before intervention, three weeks after the commencement of intervention and after intervention. Spirovit SP-1 was used to measure respiratory function. In each group, repeated ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function over time and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function between groups. The post hoc was conducted using the LSD method. Results : There was a significant increase in respiratory ability between the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) according to the six-week period. However, there was no difference between each group. Conclusion : For patients with low respiratory muscle strength, plank exercises and abdominal draw-in are beneficial exercises for improving respiratory function. These are expected to be widely used in clinical practice for patients with weak respiratory muscles.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2024

Purpose : People who have suffered from COVID-19 suffer from decreased pulmonary function and various side effects. This study aims to present three respiratory exercise intervention methods to improve pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. Therefore, the purpose of this study will investigate the effects of breathing exercise interventions (aerobic exercise, diaphragm breathe exercise, and inspiratory muscle training on resistance) on pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. Methods : The subjects who participated in this study were 35 male and female college students confirmed with COVID-19. All subjects were randomly assigned to A, D, and I groups according to breathing exercise intervention method. Groups A, D, and I each performed aerobic exercise, diaphragm breathing exercise, and inspiratory muscle training on resistance, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Pulmonary function was measured using a spirometer, and FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV₁ (forced expiratory volume in one second), FEV₁/FVC % (forced expiratory volume in one second / forced vital capacity ratio), and PEF (peak expiratory flow) were measured at 0, 3, and 6 weeks. Data analysis was compared by repeated measures analysis of variance, and post hoc tests for time were compared and analyzed using paired t-tests. Results : In the results of this study, FVC values showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. FEV₁ values also showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. And the FEV₁/FVC % value also showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. And the PEF values also showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. Conclusion : The results of this study reported that aerobic exercise, diaphragm breathing exercise, and resistance inspiratory muscle training were all effective in improving pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. Therefore, application of the three breathing exercise intervention methods presented in this study will help improve pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.1000-1011
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• 1998

연구배경: 기관지 천식 환자들과 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 진단이나 기도폐쇄 정도를 알기 위하여 통상적으로 노력성 호기곡선이나 최대호기류량곡선을 이용한 환기기능검사가 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 외래를 방문하는 환자들이나 자가 치료를 하는 환자들의 경과관찰에는 검사의 간편성으로 인해 peak flow meter를 이용한 peak expiratory flow(PEF)가 많이 이용된다. 이 경우 PEF의 변이성이 크기 때문에 절대값이나 증상이 없을 때의 최대값을 기준으로 비교하여 사용하기도 하는데 검사 판정의 객관성은 추정정상치가 가장 높을 것이다. 그러나 현재까지 국내에서는 최대호기류량곡선을 이용한 PEF(FEFmax)의 추정정상치의 보고는 다수 있으나 peak flow meter를 이용한 보고는 아직까지 없었다. 이에 실제 환자들이 스스로 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 PEF의 추정정상치를 산출하고 이 값이 $FEV_1$을 비롯한 다른 환기기능검사를 어느 정도 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 지를 조사 연구하였다. 방 법: 호흡기 증상이나 기왕 병력이 없는 건강한 남자 129명(나이 ; 19-74 세), 여자 125명(나이 ; 18-67세)을 대상으로 외래에서 mini-Wright peak flow meter(Clement Clarke International Ltd. England)를 이용하여 3 회 이상 PEF를 측정하였다. 아울러 Microspiro HI-501 portable spirometer(Chest Co., Japan)로 노력성호기곡선, 최대호기류량곡선을 측정 분석하여 $FEV_1$, FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, $FEF_{25-75%}$, $FEF_{25%}$, $FEF_{50%}$, $FEF_{75%}$와 FEFmax를 구하여 각각의 추정정상치를 구하였고 PEF의 $FEV_1$ 및 FEFmax에 대한 설명력을 회귀분석을 통해 구하였다. 결 과: PEF(L/min)의 추정정상치는 남자가 -2.45$\times$Age(year) + 1.36 $\times$ Height(cm) + 427였고 ($R^2=0.28$), 여자에서는 -0.96 $\times$ Age(year) + 2.01 $\times$ Height(cm)+129였다($R^2=0.12$). 최대호기류량곡선에서 산출한 FEFmax는 PEF보다 납자에서는 $125{\pm}74.0$(L/min), 여자에서는 $118{\pm}52.2$(L/min) 적었다. PEF로 예측할 수 있는 $FEV_1$(ml)값은 남자에서 5.98 $\times$ PEF(L/min) + 303 이고 ($R^2=0.43$), 여자에서는 4.61 $\times$ PEF(L/min) +291 이었다($R^2=0.33$). 결 론: 건강한 성인 254명(남자 129명, 여자 125명)을 대상으로 peak flow meter로 측정한 PEF의 추정정상치를 연령과 신장을 변수로 하여 구하였다. 여기서 측정한 PEF로 $FEV_1$ 및 FEFmax를 어느 정도 예측할 수 있었다. 그리고 측정기계 및 방법에 따라서 PEF 값이 달라짐을 확인하였는데 이런 점을 유의한다면 PEF의 측정은 향후 환자 진료에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2013

Purpose: Human body have biological rhythmic pattern in a day, which is affected by internal and external environmental factors. We investigated whether respiratory function was fluctuated according to the influence of time-of-day (around at 9 am, 1 pm, and 6 pm) in health subjects, using pulmonary function test (PFT). Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers (8 men, mean ages; $22.4{\pm}1.6$, mean heights; $166.61{\pm}9.60$, mean weight; $59.3{\pm}10.3$) were recruited. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was measured at three time points in day, around 9 am, 1 pm, and 6 pm in calm research room with condition of under 55dB noise level, using a spirometer (Vmax 229, SensorMecis, USA). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FVC/FEV1, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were acquired. Results: In comparison of raw value of PFT among three time points, subjects showed generally better respiratory function at 9 am, than at other points, although no significance was found. In comparison of distribution of ranking for respiratory function in each individual, only PEF showed significant difference. In general, distributional ratio of subjects who showed best performance of respiratory function in a day was high. Conclusion: These findings showed that circadian rhythm by diurnal pattern was not detected on respiratory function throughout all day. But, best performance on respiratory function was observed mostly in the morning, although statistical significance did not exist.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect on respiratory function, trunk control, and functional activities of daily living (ADL) through respiratory muscle strength training in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Eighteen subjects who were six months post stroke participated in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=8). Both groups received physical therapy for five sessions, 30 minutes per week, during a period of six weeks. Subjects in the experimental group participated in an additional respiratory muscle strength training program, in which the threshold PEP device was used for 30 minutes per day, three days per week, during a period of six weeks. Results from pretest-posttest control were evaluated by pulmonary function forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), capacity of cough, trunk control, and functional ADL. Results: Significant improvement in the FEV1, PEF of pulmonary function (p<0.05), cough function (p<0.05), and trunk control (p<0.05) was observed among the groups. Conclusion: Respiratory muscle strength training improves pulmonary function, capacity of cough, and trunk control. These results suggest that respiratory muscle strength training is feasible and suitable for individuals with chronic stroke.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.878-883
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• 2015

The purpose of this study compared the ability of feedback breathing training (FBT) and balloon blowing training to enhance the breathing of elderly people. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into a feedback breathing training group (FBTG) and a balloon blowing training group (BBTG). Each group trained 3 times a week for 4 weeks, with the training suspended during the last 2 weeks. Pulmonary function measurements were obtained before the test and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the test: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and vital capacity (VC). A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted for the significance test. The FBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. The BBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. In conclusion, An at home breathing rehabilitation program, in addition to balloon blowing, could increase the breathing performance of elderly people.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the types of seat surface (static or dynamic seat surface) on the pulmonary functions during prolonged sitting. Methods: Thirty-four participants (20 males and 14 females) were recruited, and distributed randomly into dynamic prolonged sitting (DPS, n=17) and static prolonged sitting (SPS, n=17) groups. The DPS group was seated on a chair with a dynamic air cushion, and the SPS group was seated on a chair without a dynamic air cushion. The pulmonary function was assessed before sitting, and after participants had been seated for one hour. The pulmonary function [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and Peak expiratory flow (PEF)] was measured using a spirometer. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the time x group interactions of FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC. The DPS group were significantly different in FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC after prolonged sitting for one hour, compared to the SPS group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that dynamic sitting can prevent a decrease in the physiological function, such as pulmonary functions, rather than static sitting during prolonged sitting.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2012

Purpose: We investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of water-based exercise (WE) program on respiratory functions for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Fourteen children with spastic diplegic CP were randomly assigned, to either the experimental group (EG, n=7), or the control group (CG, n=7). Respiratory function was measured by a spirometer, a CardioTouch 3000S ( Bionet, Seoul, Korea) at a chair-sitting posture. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. The intervention program will last 8 weeks, with three 40 minutes sessions per week (24 training session). The usual care and the addition of a WE program, were compared in the CG and EG, respectively. Results: The EG showed a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1, PEF after training (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the CP after training. In the EG, FVC increased significantly, compared to the control group (p<0.05), but not FEV and PEF. Conclusion: These findings suggest that WE program have an effect on the respiratory function in children with spastic diplegic CP.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a simultaneous dual-task and horse-riding simulator (HRS) training regime on pulmonary function and flexibility. Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a dual-task (DT) (n=8) or a single-task (ST) (n=8) training group. Flexibility and pulmonary function were assessed before and after HRS training. Both groups underwent HRS training for 4 weeks, 3 times/week in 15-minute training sessions. The ST group underwent HRS training and the DT group underwent dual-task HRS training, which consisted of throwing and catching a ball and ring catching while HRS training. Results: Training significantly increased flexibility and FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) in both groups (p<0.05), but FEV1/FVC and PEF (peak expiratory flow) were not significantly different after training in both groups (p>0.05). After the training, flexibility and FVC in the DT group were significantly greater than in the ST group (p<0.05), but FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous dual-task and HRS motor training improved flexibility, FVC, and FEV1, and our comparative analysis suggests that dual-task HRS training improved flexibility and FVC more than single-task training.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2013

Purpose : The aim of study was to assess the effect of backward walking combined with body weight supported treadmill training for patients with spinal cord injury. Methods : Forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second(FEV1), peak expiratory flow(PEF) and FEV1/FVC ratio(FER) were measured with a spirometer for on subject of T12 spinal cord injury. 10 meter walking test(10MWT), timed up & go test(TUG) and 6-Minute walking test(6MWT) were the measured. Intervention consisted of backward walking combined with body weight supported treadmill training five times a week for 12 weeks. Results : The date of 10MWT, TUG, 6MWT were improved. Furthermore, the date of PEF, FEV1, FVC, FER showed a improvement. Conclusion : Backward walking combined with body weight supported treadmill training may be a better and more effective method for gait performance and respiratory on incomplete spinal cord injury.