• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2021

The optimal determination of seeding rate is critical to minimizing uncertainties about the large variations observed in forage quality and productivity when alfalfa is cultivated under different geographical areas and growing conditions. The objective of this investigation was to provide information about the proper seeding rate according to harvest timing for alfalfa cultivation in the Northern regions of Korea. Alfalfa was sown in September 2018 at a seeding rate of 20, 30 or 40 kg/ha and harvested four times in 2019: May 3, July 2, September 11, and October 13. Regardless of seeding rate, alfalfa plant height was longest at the third harvest (113 cm) and the shortest in the last annual harvest (43.8 cm). However, seeding rate had no effect on alfalfa plant height at any harvest. Forage relative feed value was increased in the first cutting but decreased in the third cuttings as seeding rate increased. However, seeding rate had slight effect on alfalfa forage quality components at the second and fourth cuttings. Total annual DM and crude protein production (in 4 harvests) was greater at higher seeding rates. Plots seeded at a rate of 40 kg/ha produced on average 1,257 and 2,620 kg/ha more forage (DM basis) than those seeded at a rate of 30 or 20 kg/ha, respectively. Forage DM production at the first, second, third, and fourth harvests accounted for 36.1, 24.0, 27.1, and 12.8 % of total annual DM production, respectively. Overall, small differences were seen when alfalfa seeding rate was different but maximum forage DM production (in four harvests) was detected when seeding rate was 40 kg/ha. These data could be useful to the alfalfa growers by allowing them to make more accurate trade-offs between seed price and the expected magnitude of forage yield gains in order to select the best seeding rate.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2021

Cutting management has been identified as a critical factor in the alfalfa production systems because it has a significant impact on maximizing yield and maintaining the forage quality. The objective of this experiment was to determine the proper cutting height according to harvesting time for optimizing nutrient yield and forage nutritive quality of alfalfa grown in alpine regions of Korea. Alfalfa was sown at a seeding rate of 30 kg/ha in August 2018 and harvested at four cuttings in 2019 (3 May, 2 July, 11 September, and 13 October). Cutting heights were adjusted at 5, 15, and 25 cm above the soil surface. Alfalfa plant was tallest at the third cutting (109 cm), which was on average 35 cm taller than the first or second cutting. Relative feed value (RFV) remained unaffected by cutting height at the first harvest, but increased consistently in subsequent harvests as cutting height increased. Alfalfa collected at the first and fourth cuttings had the highest RFV (mean 152), which was on average 8 and 67 units higher than the second and third harvests, respectively. At each harvest, in vitro dry matter digestibility was highest in alfalfa cut at a 25-cm height. Dry matter (DM) production at each cutting height was highest in the first cutting, accounting for on average 36-37% of total annual DM production, and lowest in the fourth harvest, accounting for about 11-13% of the total DM yield. The total dry matter production (in four harvests) was 4,218 kg/ha higher when alfalfa was subjected to a cutting height of 5 cm rather than 25 cm. Cutting height had no effect on total crude protein yield, but from the first to fourth cutting, the protein yield followed a decreasing trend. Finally, there were visible declines in forage nutritive quality when alfalfa was cut at a shorter height. However, the magnitude of difference in total forage yield may outweigh the slight decline in forage quality when alfalfa is cut at a lower height. The findings of this study could help the alfalfa growers make better harvest management decisions.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

본 시험은 논에서 가뭄조건에 따른 여름 사료작물인 옥수수의 생육특성과 수량성을 알아보기 위해서 2008년부터 2009년까지 2년간에 걸쳐 전남 영광과 천안의 농가 포장에서 수행하였다. 국내육성 5품종과 도입품종 5품종 등 10품종을 시험한 결과 강다옥 품종이 생육특성과 수량성에서 우수한 결과를 보였고 가뭄에 대해 비교적 수량 감소가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 표준조건 재배에서는 강다옥의 건물수량은 21.8 톤/ha이었고 가뭄조건에서 국산품종인 강다옥의 건물수량이 5,548 kg/ha 으로 공시품종 중에서 최고의 수량을 보였다. 또한 사료가치는 표준조건보다 가뭄조건에서 떨어지는 경향을 보였는데 ADF 함량은 17.8% 증가하였으나 조단백질 함량은 27.4%로 최고의 감소를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 볼 때 사일리지용 옥수수를 논에 재배하기 위해서는 가뭄시에 충분히 관수를 하고 가뭄에 강한 품종을 재배하는 것이 중요하다는 사실이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1992

Cheju Island has an optimal environment for herviborous animal production. However, the infrastructure has been degraded under the pressure from the development of tourism and thus the technological development for livestock production has not been great. This is the time to re-evaluate and re-direct the system of livestock production on the island. My suggestions on the development of grassland agriculture on the island are as follows : 1. Grassland area of Cheju, 65,695 ha should be maintained and the local government should try to improve more grasslands which can hold 3 or more cattle per ha on pasture. including enterpriseowned lands. 2. For better management of co-operatives village. the local government should evaluate the conditions of the grasslands yearly after being grazed and suggest a new management method accordingly. 3. In order to strengthen grassland research. it is recommended that Cheju Experiment Station be reorganized as a Grassland Research Institute or Department of Grassland Science be added. 4. [mport of good forage varieties. especially legumes, from foreign countries and distribution to farmers after adaption studies, are required to improve nutritive values of forage produced. 5. Methods for production of good quality forage seeds at rcasonablc prices should be established.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2022

Under the four-cut system, low-lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may extend harvesting intervals improving harvest management flexibility and producing forage products with higher nutritive values. The objective of this study was to compare forage yield and nutritive values of low-lignin and conventional alfalfa varieties when applied to six different harvest schedules in the first (2016) and second (2017) production years. There were 12 treatments of two alfalfa varieties as whole plots and six harvest schedules as subplots. Across harvest schedules, there were four cuttings in two production years. Three harvest intervals including "Standard" (high quality, HQ), "Standard+5-day" (medium quality, MQ), and "Standard+10-day" (high yield, HY) were chosen for the first cutting, and 30-day (HQ) and 35-day (HY) for the second cuttings. The third and fourth cuttings in 2016 were timed near final harvest date and in 2017 occurred at 35-day (MQ) and 40-day (HY). Variety by harvest schedule interaction was not significant, but the whole plot and sub-plot effects were significant. Hi-Gest 360 was consistently higher in nutritive value and with a similar yield as Gunner. Harvest schedules did not consistently differ in forage yield and nutritive values. HS-1 ("Standard" + 35-day + Medium Quality + High Yield) with shorter first two cutting intervals provided lower acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), higher relative feed value (RFV), and similar forage yield compared to other schedules. HS-1 had the highest economic incomes when considering RFV and yield among the six different harvest schedules.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1990

A three year's field experiment was carried out on newly reclaimed tidal saline soils to evaluate the salt tolerance and growht characteristics, and their relationship to dry matter production and nutrient quality of main selected pasture species. Nine temperate grasses (14 varieties) and two forage crops (sorghum and pearl millet) were grown under different mulching treatments with medium sand and red-yellow soils (fine loamy materials of Typic Hapludults) from 1986 to 1988. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, reed canarygrass and alfalfa showed a good tolerance to soil salinity, especially tall wheatgrass (cv. Alkar) produced 19.6 ton/ha dry matter yield annualy under mulching treatment with medium sand depth in lcm. Pearl millet (cv. Gahi-3) was also evaluated as a salt tolerable forage species. Under salt stress in newly reclaimed tidal lands, plant showed a decrease in the assimirable leaf area (LA) as well as specific leaf area (SP. LA) and a low leaf weight ratio(LWR), and it resulted in a low concentration of crude protein and low digestible dry matter contents. Absorption of macro and micro elements in the plant on tidal lands was increased markedly.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1997

Six rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera) cultivars have been recommended as the government recommended forage cultivars since 1984, however, the forage performance and quality have been mostly tested at two locations, such as Suweon in the Middle Northwestern Coast Region and Sunghwan in the Middle Southwestern Coast Region. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to retest the forage performance and quality of already recommended four government rape cultivars at five scattered locations, such as Icheon, Suweon, Sunghwan, Keongsan and Kwangju fiom 1992 to 1994 with the intention of improving recommendations to dairy farmers. Among the rape cultivars tested, 'Bamapoli' and 'Sparta' (including 'Ramon' at Kwangju) gave the highest yields at all locations in 1992-94, whereas 'Akela' had the lowest yield. Mean plant heights varied fiom 50 to 69cm and 'Bamapoli' was the tallest rape, followed by 'Sparta', 'Ramon' and 'Akela' at all locations. Mean ADF contents for rape cultivars ranged fiom 16.7% for 'Akela' to 19.3% for 'Bamapoli', while mean NDF contents ranged fiom 22.3% for 'Akela' to 24.9% for 'Bamapoli'. The government recommended rape cultivars tested were generally well adapted across the country, however, in forage production situations in the fall where high yield is more important, 'Bamapoli', 'Sparta' and 'Ramon' might be preferable.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2008

국내 보리 소비가 급격히 감소하면서 재배 면적도 줄어들어 겨울철 논을 이용한 보리 재배 농가의 대체 소득원이 보리를 활용한 조사료 생산이다. 경지이용률 제고와 양질의 조사료 공급은 국내 축산 농가의 국제경쟁력을 올릴 수 있어 최근 청보리의 생산은 현저히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 총체사료용 청보리는 식용보리에 비하여 전체적인 건물수량성이 높아야 하고 가축이 먹기에 좋도록 형태적으로도 개선되어야 한다. 그 동안 개발된 총체사료용 청보리는 벼와의 작부체계에 알맞도록 조숙이면서 건물수량이 ha당 10$\sim$12톤 (생체수량 평균 33톤/ha)을 보이는 영양, 선우, 상원, 소만 등을 개발하였으며, 가축의 기호성이 좋도록 거친 까락을 매끈망으로 개선한 우호, 까락이 퇴화한 삼차망 보리 유연과 줄기에 잎귀를 없애서 부드럽게 만든 다미 등 초형을 개선하였다. 이러한 사료 전용 청보리 품종들은 사료가치도 우수한 것으로 평가되어 육종적으로 개선한 각 품종들의 고유 생육특성을 중심으로 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국초지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2005년도 학술심포지엄, 제43회 학술발표회
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• pp.192-193
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• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1109-1112
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• 2000

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of mechanical and chemical conditioning at mowing on field drying rate and quality of grass hay in 1996. Mower conditioner and/or chemical drying agent $(K_2CO_3)$ were used at different harvest stages (late boot, heading and bloom stages) for hastening hay-making. After field drying, square bales were made by hay baler, and the visual estimation and nutritive value of hay were evaluated after storing two months. In mower conditioning, the duration of field drying was shortened by 0.5 to 1 day compared with drying agent, and by 1 to 2 days compared with control. The drying matter loss of hay was reduced by late harvest and mechanical conditioning. The visual score (leafiness, green color, odor and softness), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro dry matter digestibllity (IVDMD), and relative feed value (RFV) of hay were improved with mechanical conditioning, but chemical alone had little effect on quality. The quality of hay harvested at bloom stage was much lower than that of hay harvested at late boot and heading stage. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of grass hay, however the drying efficiency of chemical drying agent is very low. Also the effects of chemical/mechanical combined conditioning are very similar compared with mechanical conditioning alone. Harvesting at late boot to heading stage is recommended for the production of high quality hay.