• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.146-152
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• 1987

Sorghum cv. Pioneer 93 1, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cv. Sioux and maize plant cv. Blizzard were assayed for toxic concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) and their relationship to morphological characteristics and environmental temperature in a field and phytotron trial. In the phytotron, sorghum and maize plants ranging from emergence to heading stage, were grown under different day/night temperatures of 30125, 25/20,28/18 and 1818 degree C. Nitrate-nitrogen in sorghum and maize plants was accumulated mainly in stems. Therefore nitrate concentration in the young plants was increased as development of stalks advanced and was highest at the stage of 3-4 leaves, when the plants had a leaf weight ratio 0.78-0.80 g/g plant weight. However, nitrate concentrations of the plant decreased as morphological development progressed, especially from the stage of growing point differentiation. Correlation coefficients showed a positive correlation of nitrate concentration with leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area, while plant height, dry matter percentage and absolute growth rate showed a negative association with TEX>$NO_3$-N ($P{\le}0.1$%). Cyanogenic glycosides, total nitrogen and crude protein were close associated with nitrate accumulation, and positively significant ($P{\le}0.1$%). High temperature over 30/25^{\circ}C.$ for 3 weeks increased N-uptake and dry matter accumulation, but reduced nitrate concentration. Under cold temperature below 18/8^{\circ}C.$ concentration of nitrate-N was increased in spite of its limited nitrogen uptake and plant growth.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 1988

The growth characteristics and yield per unit area of two cropping systems, corn monoculture and 'wrnsoybean intercropping, were compared and the obtained results were as follows; 1.The two cultivation systems were not significantly different in leaf length, leaf width and length of internode at harvesting time. 2.The weight of stalk and the leaves of a plant were decreased with maturity, while the weight of ear was markedly increased. The patterns of relative ratio of each components were essentialy same in each cultivation systems. In corn monoculture, the percentages of stalk, leaf, and ear at final harvesting stage were 22.9, 13.7, and 63.4 and in corn-soybean intercropping, they were 21.8, 10.9, and 67.3 respectively. 3.Dry matter yield per unit area (kg/lOa) of intercropped corn at yellow stage was similar to that of monocultured corn (1, 483 kg/ 10a vs 1, 509 kg/ 10a). At ripe stage, however, the dry matter yield of intercropped plant was more than that of monocultured (1, 679 vs 1, 660 kg/ 10a). 4.The same pattern was observed in organic matter yield.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1988

다른 生長條件(growth chamber, outdoor)과 室素施肥條件(N 0, N 60kg $ha^{-1}$')에서 자란 Perennial rye- grass잎에 있어서 葉伸長率(LER)과 伸底部位의 空間的 移動 및 細胞의 伸長등을 알아보고자, 잎 基部내 伸長部位의 O~30mm에 pin처리를 하고 일정시간후 Pin hole의 이동거리로서 長을 조사하었으며 표면복 제방법에 의해 細胞의 길이를 측정하였다. Growth chamber에서 자란 목초의 LER은 25.2mm $day^{-1}$(outdoor 목초에 비해 54.6% 증가), 생육의 공 간분포는 基部로부터 24mm까지, 최대생육은 10~13nm에서, 세포신장은 20nm까지로 관찰되었다. Outdoor 목초는 LER 16.3nm, 생육분포는 17mm까지, 최대생육은 5 ~8mm에서, 세포신장은 14mm까지었다. 질소시비구 목초의 LER은 30.3nm$day^{-1}$(무시비구 목초에 비해 61, 2% 증가), 생육분포는 基部로부터 27 mm까지, 최대생육은 13~1Smm에서, 세포신장은 21mm까지었으며, 질소무시비구 목초는 LER 21.3mm, 생육 분딘는 21mm까지 최대생육은 8~llmm에서, 세포신장은 16mm까지였다. Ligule 부위의 세포길이는 현저히 짧아졌으며, LER이 빠를때 伸長部位내 生育의 移動速度도 빨랐다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

환경 스트레스에 의해 야기되는 활성 산소종에 의한 피해에 내성을 가지는 목초의 개발을 위하여 오차드그래스의 배반 조직 유래의 캘러스에 배추유래의 cytosolic glutathione reductase 유전자(BcGRl)를 Agrobucterium tumefaciens EHA101을 매개로 형질전환시켰다. Hygromcin으로 선발된 캘러스로부터 재분화된 식물체는 야생형과 비교하여 형태적으로 차이를 나타내지 않았다. PCR 및 Southern blot 분석을 통하여 형질전환 식물체의 염색체 내에 BcGRl 유전자가 integration 되었음을 확인하였다. 오차드그래스의 잎으로부터 total RNA를 분리하여 Northern blot 분석을 실시한 결과, 도입된 유전자가 형짙전환 식물체 내에서 지속적으로 발현된다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.935-940
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of selected fruits (pods and seeds) and leaves of acacia tree species namely; Acacia nubica (nubica), Acacia tortilis (tortilis) and Acacia brevispica (brevispica), Acacia reficiens (reficiens) and Acacia senegal (senegal). A wide variability in chemical composition, polyphenolics and gas production was recorded. The crude protein (CP) ranged from 131 to 238 g/kg DM. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (ADL) were higher in senegal and significantly different (p<0.05) from other species. The nitrogen bound to fiber tended to be higher in leaves than the fruits, ranging from 2.6 to 11.3 g/kg NDF and 1.6 to 3.2 g/kg ADF. The leaves of reficiens and senegal had higher concentrations of total extractable phenolics (TEPH), total extractable tannins (TET) and total condensed tannins (TCT), but lower in NDF, ADF and ADL than the fruits of nubica, tortilis and brevispica. Mineral concentrations varied among species; all were relatively poor in phosphorus, moderate in calcium and magnesium, and rich in microelements. A significant (p<0.05) variation in gas production after 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h was recorded between species. Nubica had the highest (p<0.05) rate of gas production (0.0925) while the highest potential gas production was recorded in tortilis. A strong negative correlation between TEPH and TET with gas production after 24, 48, 72 and 96 was established (r=-0.72 to -0.82). Crude protein and TCT correlated negatively but also weakly with gas production characteristics. Organic matter digestibility calculated from gas production after 48 h (OMD48) ranged between 465 g/kg DM in reficiens and 611 g/kg DM in tortilis. The results of this study indicate that acacia species have the potential to be used as feed supplements.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2009

유채(Brassica napus L.)에서 황 결핍이 $NO_3^-$ 흡수와 동화에 대한 영향을 알아보고자 $SO_4^{2-}$ 농도를 세가지 수준(1 mM $SO_4^{2-}$, 대조구; 0.1mM $SO_4^{2-}$, 결핍; 0 mM $SO_4^{2-}$, 무공급)으로 25시간 처리한 후 $NO_3^-$ 흡수량, 식물조직내의 nitrate reductase (NR) 및 glutamine syntheetase (GS) 활성을 분석하였다. 25시간 처리과정에서 황결핍 조건하에서의 $NO_3^-$의 흡수는 대조구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않은 반면, 황 무공급구에서는 $NO_3^-$의 흡수는 유의적으로 감소하였다. NR 활성은 잎과 뿌리 조직에서 공히 $SO_4^{2-}$ 농도가 감소됨에 따라 감소하였다. 특히 어린잎과 중간 잎의 황 결핍 처리구에서 각각 35% 및 황 무공급구에서 70%의 뚜렸한 감소를 보였다. 뿌리에서는 오직 황 무공급구에서 유의적인 감소 (-29%)를 보였다. $SO_4^{2-}$ 농도에 따른 잎 조직에서 GS 활성은 잎의 성숙 정도에 따라 차이를 보였으며, 전반적으로 황 결핍과 황 무공급구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 뿌리조직에서 GS 활성은 황 무공급구에서만 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 황 공급이 제한을 받는 조건에서 질산염의 흡수가 감소되며, 식물조직체내의 질산염환원과 아미노산 합성관련 효소의 활성이 제한을 받았다는 것을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.226-235
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• 2000

A survey on feeding practices was conducted with thirty-one cattle farmers belonging to three categories: households without land and no income from agricultural labour (Class 100;10 farms), households without land but deriving considerable income from agricultural labour (Class 101;10 farms), and households with land and without income from agricultural labour (Class 110;11 farms). Information on the types of feeds given of one year. In addition, samples of the feeds offered and refused were collected every two weeks and analysed for dry matter, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). Grass was usually cut at an early stage of growth, as such the CP(11.8%) and OMD (62%) were relatively high. All types of rice straw (whole, lower and upper part) and sugarcane forage (tops and leaves) were low in CP (<6 and <8.9%, respectively) and OMD (<45 and <47%, respectively). Rice bran and tofu waste was of much better quality than any other feed. The average number of different feeds in the rations (mean of all farms) was 1.98, with a lower value for class 101 (1.80), than for classes 100 and 110 (2.11 and 2.02, respectively). Of the total amount of OM consumed, 42% was rice straw, 21% grass, 19% maize forage, 10% sugarcane forage, <4% other forages (soya and groundnut straw), 1.3% rice bran and 2.9% tofu waste. The total amount of OM offered varied from <80 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$ in August/September to 1.5 times as much in May (P<0.01). The intake of digestible organic matter (IDOM) for farm class 110 ($37.7g/kg^{0.75}/d$) was significantly (p<0.001) lower than that for classes 100 and 101 (44.1 and $41.3g/kg^{0.75}/d$, respectively). The highest CP/IDOM ratio was recorded for farm class 101 (0.201 as compared to 0.181-0.184).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of antagonistic microorganisms, Bacillus spp., on growth of alfalfa(Medicag0 sativa L.) in repeated cultivation soil(RCS) and unrepeated cultivation soil(URCS). Alfalfa was established by seeding into pots 12 cm in diameter and 9 cm in depth containing 1 : 1 mixture of soil and vermiculite with antagonistic bacteria and pathogenic fungi. The growth experiment of alfalfa was conducted in pots in a vinyl house. The bacteria used in this study were Bacillus subtilis and hsants. B. subtilis was isolated and identified 60m forage rhizosphere soil and hsants isolated through cell fusion fiom B. subtilis 101 and B. thuringiensis. B. subtilis was named B. subtilis 101 and hsants named F -3 and F -8. From dark culture experimenf alfalfa was longer lived in treated soil with antagonistic bacteria than that in non-treated soil, and longer lived in URCS than that in RCS. However, alfalfa was shorter lived in RCS and URCS than that in autoclaved RCS. The number of leaves of alfalfa were positively affected by the inoculation of the antagonistic bacteria in both RCS and URCS. Dry weight of shoot and root was increased by the inoculation of the antagonistic bacteria(P< 0.05). However, the growth of alfalfa was decreased by the inoculation of the pathogenic hngi both RCS apd URCS.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2019

Drought is one of the key limiting factors that adversely affects the growth and productivity of crop plants. For the enhancement of drought tolerance in crop plants, the identification of basic mechanisms of a plant to drought stress is necessary. In this study, we compared physiological and biochemical responses of five local Arundenilla hirta ecotypes to drought stress. These ecotypes were previously collected from various parts of Korean peninsula, including Youngduk, Gunsan, Jangsoo, Jinju-1 and Yecheon. A. hirta plants were exposed to drought stress for 14 and 17 days respectively, followed by re-watering for 3 days. The results showed that the lipid peroxidation (MDA), hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, and proline level were significantly increased while the chlorophyll content was decreased by drought stress in A. hirta leaves. The highest proline content and DPPH scavenging activity were shown in Ecotype of Youngduk with least MDA and $H_2O_2$ levels while the highest MDA and $H_2O_2$ contents, and least proline and DPPH levels were shown in Gunsan, respectvely. These results indicate that the Youngduk is the most tolerant and Gunsan is the most sensitive ecotype among the five different collections. Together, these results provide a new insight of overall physiological responses of A. hirta to drought stress.