• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the weight bearing of the cane and foot for the different walking aids during walking. Methods: A total of 12 subjects (6 males, 6 female) with stroke were enrolled in the study. Foot sensor and an instrumented cane were integrated to analyze the vertical peak force on the foot and cane. Results: The vertical peak force applied on the quad cane gait resulted in a significantly higher rate, which was $10.60{\pm}6.48%$ of the body weight, when compared to that of mono cane gait which was $7.91{\pm}4.11%$. The results indicated significantly lower vertical peak force on the affected foot, without the help of a walking aid, as compared to that of walking with a cane (respectively, p<0.05). However, results showed that the differences in vertical peak force on the affected foot, between mono cane and quad cane, were not significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the vertical peak forces were significantly greater, during a comparison between walking with a quad cane and walking with a mono cane. On the contrary, no significant difference in the vertical peak force on the affected foot between walking with quad cane and walking with a mono cane. Muscle activation pattern and walking pattern should be measured in future studies, to study the differences between walking with various walking aids in the lower and higher functioning hemiparetic subjects, as its use may mask underlying gait impairment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle activation associated with foot position during a sit-to-stand exercise among normally healthy elderly subjects. Methods: Eight subjects (male=3; female=5; mean age=$70.13{\pm}{\pm}2.53$years) were recruited.The activation of six muscles (neck extensor; lumbar extensor; hamstring; rectus femoris; gastrocnemius; tibialis anterior) was measured by surface EMG (TeleMyo 2400T G2, Noraxon Inc., USA) during a sit-to-stand protocol under three different foot positions (ankle dorsiflexion of 0, 15, or 30 degrees). Results: Muscle activation of the neck extensor and hamstring was decreased according to the change in foot position (p<0.05), but activation of the rectus femoris was increased (p<0.05). Muscle activation of the neck extensor was significantly different between 0 and 15 degrees (p<0.05). Muscle activation of the hamstring was significantly different between 0 and 15 degrees and between 0 and 30 degrees (p<0.05). Muscle activation of the rectus femoris was significantly different between 0 and 30 degrees and between 15 and 30 degrees (p<0.05). However, activation of lumbar extensor, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles did not significantly differ between foot positions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that muscle activation during a sit-to-stand movement differs depending on foot position. We believe that these differences should be considered when educating the elderly regarding proper body movements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.315-317
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• 1996

An investigation was carried out to find out the strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in 24 districts of Bangladesh. A total of 505 FMD virus samples were collected from June, 1989 to June, 1991 and tested by complement fixation test (CFT). Of these, 276 (54.7%) were found positive for different strains of FMD virus and the rest 45.3% were either negative or anticomplementary. Strains identified were O, C, Asia-1 and sub-strains $A_5$ and $A_{22}$. Strain O was found to be most prevalent(39.8%) followed by Asia-1 (5.7%), C (5.3%), $A_5$ (3.4%) and $A_{22}$ (0.4%). Prevalence of sub-strain $A_5$ was reported for the first time in Bangladesh. District-wise typing of FMD virus has been done which would be helpful for appropriate vaccination programme in different districts of Bangladesh for control of the malady.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine EMG activities and VMO/VL ratio of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris during squat exercise (knee angle: 15, 45, and 60 degrees; tibial rotation: internal rotation, neutral, and external rotation). Methods: Twelve subjects performed squat exercise at each knee angle and tibial rotation while electromyographic (EMG) activity was collected. Statistical analysis consisted of two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. Results: There were significant main effects of knee angles and foot positions and interaction effect on EMG activities of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis. VMO/VL ratios were significantly different by tibial rotations and there was an interaction effect. A neutral position produced significantly more VMO/VL activity ratio than that from internally rotated position and externally rotated position at 60 degrees. Conclusion: Considering the interaction effects for EMG activity across quadriceps muscles tested, the 60 degrees knee angle with a neutral foot position may provide the most effective condition for patients with acute patellofemoral syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine antibody titers to structural protein (SP) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus after vaccination in animals of the Seoul zoo. After the initial inoculation of FMD vaccine to the susceptible animals of the zoo, a total of 235 blood samples were collected from 42 species of zoo animals during treatment or necropsy. All samples were tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall positive rate of SP antibodies against FMD virus was 94.0% (221/235). However, the positive rates varied according to animal species. The results of positive rates in 30 species were 100% but in 12 species were 50-94.7%. We showed that most animals that have received FMD vaccine in Seoul zoo have been reached to the level of herd immunity against FMD virus after the vaccination. To the best of our knowledge, this study would be the first report for monitoring the vaccine-induced SP antibody titers against FMD virus after vaccination in various zoo animal species in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.184-187
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• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of fibular groove deepening and superior retinacular reconstruction for peroneal tendon subluxation. Materials and Methods: Six patients who were treated by fibular groove deepening and superior retinacular reconstruction for peroneal tendon subluxation from March 2000 to August 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: No recurrent subluxation of peroneal tendons had occurred. All patients were return to sports by 4 months after surgery and also gained nearly normal range of motion. Five patients were completely pain free, but one patient had mild occasional pain that limit his sports activities. Conclusion: Fibular groove deepening and superior retinacular reconstruction was believed to be a reliable procedure for peroneal tendon subluxation in spite of some minor complications.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.128-131
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• 2015

Capsuloligamentous injury at the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is a common traumatic injury during physical activity, particularly on artificial turf. Mechanism of injury include excessive flexion, extension, or valgus stress. We report a non-operatively treated capsuloligamentous injury at the first MTP joint, which did not occur traumatically but developed by a stress-related mechanism in a collegiate rower.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of leachate discharged from livestock burial sites in Gangwondo resulting from foot-and-mouth disease by monitoring the water quality at the survey tube-wells installed near livestock burial sites in order to investigate the effect of the leachate on the quality of nearby underground water and suggest a water pollution level in accordance with water quality evaluation criteria. Methods: To minimize the secondary environmental pollution damage caused by leachate at burial sites of livestock killed by foot-and-mouth disease, this study analyzed the leachate directly discharged from burial sites and installed survey tube-wells within 300 meters of livestock burial sites and investigated water quality as a means to ascertain the environmental effect of the leachate from the burial sites. In accordance with environmental management guidelines on livestock burial sites, this research investigated the water quality in the survey tube-wells in fifty five burial sites in Gangwondo. The elements investigated were $NH_3$-N, $Cl^-$, $NO_3$-N, conductivity, and E. coli. Water quality was monitored from 2011 to 2013. Results: The water quality from the drain pipe at the location of leachate from livestock burial sites showed BOD 37,209 mg/L, COD 8,829 mg/L, $NH_3$-N 3,633 mg/L, and $Cl^-$ 580 mg/L. According to the monitoring results of water quality ($Cl^-$, $NH_3$-N, conductivity) at the survey tube-wells, there was suspicion that 13 out of 55 burial sites discharged leachate, five sites discharged highly concentrated leachate (13%): one in Gangneung, one in Wonju, and three in Cheorwon. Conclusion: It was judged that out of thirteen observation wells which showed a possibility of discharged leachate, three survey tube-wells have established the discharge effect of leachate at burial sites up to recently. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to continue monitoring them and devise additional measures.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the changes in stress, occupational stress, and subjective health problems of novice female nurses within the first 18 months of work. Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted with a secondary data analysis based on the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover (SWNHT) study. The participants were 178 female novice nurses who participated in all 3 data collection activities (on the first day of orientation before ward placement [T0], 6 months after work [T1], and 18 months after work [T2]). The stress, occupational stress, 8 subjective health problems (upper musculoskeletal pain, leg/foot discomfort, depression, anxiety or emotional disorder, sleep disturbance, headache, gastrointestinal disorder, menstrual disorder, and others), and the greatest health problem during the study period were measured, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 to obtain descriptive statistics. Results: The subjective health of novice female nurses were found to be poor at T1 compared to T0 on both physical (upper musculoskeletal pain, leg/foot discomfort, and sleep disturbance) and psychological health problems (depression and stress). However, the psychological health problems of the participants were alleviated at T2 whereas; physical health problems persisted until T2. Conclusion: Novice nurses had poor health problems 6 months after work. Sleep disturbance and musculoskeletal pain persisted although other health problems such as depression and stress were alleviated over the period. Strategies to prevent and manage different health problems of novice female nurses at different work duration are urgently needed.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2014

The body to achieve an interaction that are connected to each other. Foot of which plays an important role in motor activity. Insole that has been recently used, have a dynamic functional elements. In particular, support of Arch plays a very important role in terms of a motor function of the human body as a whole. It is possible to predict the proper support Arch with insole, the overall structure of the body there can affect the balance. In this study, by applying the insole which supports the Longitudinal arch and Transverse arch, you are trying to assess the interaction of balance and the body's ability. To target the 20 there is no problem in the sense of balance, college student, and changes were observed by measuring the Center of Position area and distance through the Biorescue device worn before and after led by Arch support. As a result, I showed improved results significantly discount rate after wearing in the Center of Position area and distance to assess the balance ability. Therefore, the correction insole function is to support the Longitudinal arch and Transverse arch to an important role in the foot. It may be that it has a functional element for improving the balance of the function of preventing collapse of the arch during walking, to disperse the weight of the entire foot, us reduce fatigue in the end.