• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

Acute compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot is a surgical emergency. The clinical symptoms is an important clue to diagnose compartment syndrome. In cases of ambiguous diagnosis, unconscious patients and children additionally need a intracompartmental pressure measuring. Immediate fasciotomy should be performed when clinical signs are obvious or when delta pressure is less than 30 mmHg or intracompartmental pressure is greater than 30 mmHg. Fasciotomy of the lower leg can be performed either by one lateral single incision or double incision, which of the foot mainly has a dorsal or medial incision. A delayed in diagnosis that leads to a delay in treatment can result in devastating disability. Acute compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot is a relative rare but serious complication of which a surgeon should be aware.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of the research was to analyze foot pressure, foot temperature, and correlation between foot pressure and foot temperature to grasp impact on foot pressure and body temperature distribution chart depending on functional difference of leg length. Method : After measuring leg length, put 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was over 10mm to difference group and 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was under 5mm to normal group and categorize soles of foot into 6 sections of hallux head, 1st metatarsal head, 2-4 metatarsal head, 5 metatarsal head, lateral heel, and then measure by foot pressure analyzer to analyze characteristic of pressure distribution and classify into front of the lower leg, back of the lower leg, soles of foot and measure by body temperature analyzer to analyze by checking body temperature. Result : Weight difference depending on foot pressure and body temperature was bigger when functional difference of leg length was bigger, and it could be confirmed that foot pressure and body temperature of short leg side were higher than those of short leg side. Thus, if difference exists in leg length, weight load on short leg side increases which results in higher foot pressure and body temperature, therefore enabling an assumption that mechanical problem will occur in short leg. Conclusion : When functional leg length inequality, weight bearing and pressure was getting high as a result, temperature was getting high in short leg.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.144-147
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• 2023

The authors have diagnosed and treated patients with May-Thurner syndrome who presented with recurrent edema and redness in the left lower leg and foot. Although May-Thurner syndrome is a rare vascular disease, its primary symptoms manifest as edema and redness in the left lower leg and foot, leading the patients to seek foot and ankle surgery. Suspicion should be directed towards May-Thurner syndrome if an obese individual who spends prolonged periods sitting repeatedly complains of edema and redness in the left lower leg and foot area, in which a blood clot forms due to compression of the left common iliac vein within the pelvis.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

Purpose: We present clinical usefulness of saphenous neurocutaneous island flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defect of the lower leg, especially anteromedial aspect, including foot and ankle. Materials and Methods: Thirteen cases of soft tissue defects in the lower leg including foot and ankle which were 6 cases of pretibial area, 2 cases of anteromedial aspect of distal two third, 2 cases of ankle, and 3 cases of foot were treated saphenous neurocutaneous island flap. They were proximally based flap 3 cases and distally based flap 10 cases. Clinically the flaps ranged in size from $4{\times}5\;cm$ to $6{\times}12\;cm$. Results: All of the flaps except 1 case survived completely. Three cases, however, had marginal necrosis. One case of flap failure was proximal tibia fracture accompanied with injury of the flap pedicle which was difficult in flap elevation, subsequently. Conclusion: The saphenous neurocutaneous island flap is a simple, reliable procedure with a versatility for soft tissue coverage of the lower leg, especially anteomedial aspect, including foot and ankle. In case of another injuries accompanied near the saphenous nerve, careful attention should be made.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

Purpose: We would introduce the reverse superficial sural artery flap to reconstruct soft tissue defect on lower leg, ankle, and hind-foot. Materials and Method: From October 1998 to December 2001, we reconstructed 12cases (l2patients) of soft tissue defect around the hind - foot, ankle, and distal lower extremity with the reverse sural artery flap. Results: The time for flap dissection was 28 minutes in average. The size of the flap was from $4\times3cm$ to $14\times10cm$. All flaps survived. Conclusion: The reverse superficial sural artery flap is the useful technique for the soft tissue defect in the lower leg and the foot.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

Obesity is excess body weight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2. or 20% over than relative body weight (RBW). We can consider the surface temperature of obesity patients is related with fat distribution and differs from that of non obesity people. The temperature is measured by using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI). DITI was taken on 109 people without any specific disease. Among those subjects, obesity group is 77 and non obesity is 32. We measured the surface temperature by describing regular square on the upper arm, lower arm, palm, upper leg, lower leg, foot, upper abdomen and lower abdomen. The temperature of upper leg, upper abdomen and lower abdomen was low (p<0.001) and that of palm and foot was high (p<0.05) in obesity group. The temperature and the difference of lower arm to palm and lower leg to foot correlated with RBW. These results suggest the surface temperature in obesity group differ remarkably from that in non obesity group.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2003

Purpose : Soft tissue defect and exposed tendons and bones with concomitant infection in the foot and lower leg have to be covered with vascularized flap as the one stage treatment. Authors have performed 6 cases of pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps under the loupes magnification and evaluated the benefits. Materials and methods : From 1994 through 2003, we have performed 6 pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the foot and lower leg. The causes were trauma in 3 cases, skin necrosis and secondary infection after Achilles tendon repair in 2 cases and acute osteomyelitis in 1 case. Average age was 38 years and 5 cases were male and 1 female. The results of the procedure was evaluated by survival of the island flap, comfort in putting on shoes and walking, comfort in the donor site, comfort in the recipient site and range of motion of the ankle joint. Results : All pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps survived except 1. Three cases felt discomfort in the dorsum of foot as the donor site and 1 case of the Achilles tendon ruptured and repaired showed limited dorsiflexion of ankle joint. Conclusion : Nonmicrosurgical pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps under the loupes magnification are one of the useful treatment methods because procedure is rapid, survival is confident and overall reconstructive results are good.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.100-104
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• 2005

A soft tissue defect of the lower leg or foot presents a challenging problem. Reconstructive surgeon should be armed at all points of wound site, tendon and bone exposure, injury of major vessel and so on in the lower limb. We reconstructed the defects of lower legs and feet of 25 patients between February, 1997 and December, 2003. Applying reversed adipofascial flap with skin graft on a soft tissue defect of the lower leg or foot is challenging. We did a comparative study of 25 reversed adipofascial flaps with 51 free flaps. All 25 cases of reverse adpofascial flap reconstruction were successful except for a partial loss of skin graft in 3 occasions. The reversed adipofascial flap had a merit of a short operation time and hositalization, a high success rate and minimum complications. Besides major vessels in the lower leg are better preserved and donor morbidity is minimal. However, the flap is unmerited in reconstructing a hug hallowed defect and in the leg with poor blood circulation and once previous surgery. The operators may consider the feasible substitution of reversed adipofascial flap for free flap before applying in the lower leg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of foot-bath on lower extremities edema and fatigue among college students in Korea. Methods: This study used an quasi-experimental design with 56 participants (30 for experiments and 26 for controls). The experimental group performed 20-minute foot bath before sleep three times for one week. All subjects were directed to use their smart-phones to fill out a questionnaire about fatigue. Leg circumference was measured 10 minutes after foot bath. The test was performed from April 30th to May 22th in 2016. Data was analyzed using t-test and $x^2$ test. Results: We found no difference in general characteristics between the experimental group and the control group. Left leg edema of the experimental group decreased by $16.63{\pm}14.57mm$ (p<.001). The experimental group's right leg-edema decreased by $13.10{\pm}13.97mm$ (p<.001). There was no statistically significant difference in their fatigue level when comparing before and after the foot baths. Conclusion: We found that doing foot baths for two weeks could have positive effects in reducing leg-edema among college students. Foot bath may be applied as an effective nursing intervention to decrease leg edema among young people. The results are based on a limited number of study samples and a short-term intervention. Further research can be performed with extended population and a prolonged study period.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2011

Foot posture is important in the development of the musculoskeletal structure in the lower limbs because it can change the mechanical alignment. Although foot orthotics are widely used for the correction of malalignments in the lower extremities, the biomechanical effects of wedges have not yet been cleared. The aim of this study was to investigate whether medial wedges affect the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee and hip joints in healthy adults that are performing one leg standing. Seventeen healthy volunteers performed the one leg standing under two foot conditions: A level surface, and a $15^{\circ}$ medial wedge. The subjects' EMG data for the gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) were recorded, along with the surface EMG, and all were analyzed. The EMG activity of the Gmed and TFL had significantly decreased under the medial wedge condition during one leg standing. Further study is needed in order to investigate whether medial wedges influence the EMG activity and kinematic data of the knee and hip joints as well as the ankle joints in adults with flexible flatfoot, while they are performing one leg standing.