• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the shape of the foot and foot abrasion. and to provide preliminary data for shoe manufacturing by comparing the length of a woman's feet and the shoe size. The Martin calibrator and measuring tapes were utilized to measure the shapes of 163 female college students' feet. Indirect measurements were also obtained by line drawing of the feet for additional analysis. Brief questionnaires about what type of shoes are worn were given to the subjects of the study. Data analysis was presented by frequency, percentage, and standard deviations. Factor analysis and correlation co-efficiency of data was conducted on the significance level of p〈.05. The results of the study are as follows (1) The average number of days per week in which the subjects wear ladies' shoes per week were 4.5. Little over half of the subjects (53.87% ) answered that they wear heeled shoes for more than 8 hours per day. The most preferred height of a ladies'shoe heel was between 2 cm and 4 cm, as replied by 41.0% of the subjects. (2) The foot area where abrasion occurs most often was around the heel (51.2%) and the middle part of the sole (50.9%) (3) Factors correlated to the heel abrasion included the circumference and the breadth of the foot. The abrasion on the side of the first toe of mid-sized feet was most affected by the angle of the first the and inner foot line. The height of the foot heel was a significant factor for the abrasion near the anklebone. In conclusion, the abrasion resulted from the inappropriate fitting of the shoe and the foot. Also, the circumference and the width factors were more influential rather than the foot length. Therefore, more database on this should be systemized and available to the footwear manufacturers and the customers for more practical use of shoe size and public education.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review clinical and radiologic changes after arthroscopic operation without bone graft for osteochondral lesion with subchondral cyst on the talus. And we compared the results with those without cyst. Radiologic changes were also observed. Materials and Methods: Arthroscopic microfrature or abrasion arthroplasty was performed on 10 caeses of osteochondral lesions with subchondral cyst and 20 cases without cysts. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms were evaluated by Ankle-Hind foot scale of AOFAS and the score of two groups were compared(t-Test : Paired Two Test for Means). Radiologic evaluation was performed after operation on patients with osteochondral lesion with cyst. Results: On patients of osteochondral lesion with subchondral cyst on talus, there was clinical improvement compared to the preoperative status and compared to patients without cysts(P=0.01) after arthroscopic operation. We could get increase of density and decrease of size of cystic lesion on plain film with time passage. Conclusion: We report 10 cases with osteochondral lesion with subchondral cyst on talus which resulted in clinical and radiological improvement after arthroscopic microfracture or abrasion arthroplasty without bone graft.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

Osteochondral lesions of the talus are isolated cartilage and/or bone lesions that are known cause of chronic ankle pain. They can occur as the result of a single acute ankle injury or from repetitive loading of the talus. Technical development in radiologic imaging and ankle arthroscopy have improved diagnostic capabilities for detecting osteochondral lesions. Characteristics which are important in assessing an osteochondral lesions include: the size, the type (chondral, subchondral, cystic), the stability, the displacement, the location, and the containment of lesion. Nonoperative treatment involving period of casting and non-weight-bearing is recommended for acute, non-displaced osteochondral lesions in select pediatric and adolescent patients. Operative treatment is recommended for unstable lesions or failed conservative management. Marrow stimulation techniques (abrasion chondroplasty, multiple drilling, microfracture), osteochondral autograft or allograft, autologous chondrocyte implantation, are frequently employed. The purpose of this article is to review the historical background, etiology, classification systems, diagnostic strategies, and to describe a systematic approach to management of osteochondral lesions of the talus.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The Taekwondo being a martial sports, there are higher chances for the injury to occur than the non martial sports. Therefore, this study analyze the frequency, the area, the type, and the condition of the injury which are prone to occur in the Taekwondo matches; it is to help the Taekwondo players in prevention of the injury and in treatment. The subjects of this study were the 48 players (male 24, female 24) who participated in the final selection contest of the national team player on March 9 to 12, 1993. The data of the injury were obtained from the medical recoder staff and were analyzed to the frequency of the injury per match, the vulnerable area of the injury, the type of injury, and the condition of the injury with a gender difference. There were 24 matches for the male and 24 matches for the female, total 48 matches. Therefore, the total participation number of the players are the double of the match number. 1. The frequency of the injury per match was 18.3%(11/60) for male and 23.1%(12/52) for women. 2. The areas of the injury were ankle 36.4%(4), foot 18.2%(2), knee 18.2%(2), lower leg 18.2%(2), wrist 9.1%(1) in male; foot 33.4%(4), ankle 16.7%(2), knee 16.7%(2), lower back 16.7%(2), lower leg 8.3%(1), face 8.3%(1) in female. 3. The types of the injury were contusion 45.5%(5), sprain 27.3%(3), abrasion 9.1%(1), laceration 9.1%(1), tendon rupture 9.1%(1) in male; contusion 33.3%(4), sprain 33.3%(4), abrasion 16.7%(2), subcutaneous hemorrhage 8.3%(1), dislocation 8.3%(1) in female. 4. The condition of the injury were the unblocked attack 36.4%(4), attacking kick 27.3%(3), blocking a kick 18.2%(2), attacking punch 9.1%, impact with surface 9.1%(1) in male; attacking kick 33.3%(4), unblocked attack 25%(3), blocking a kick 25%(3), attacking punch 8.3%(1), impact with surface 8.3%(1) in female. This study shows that the injury from the Taekwondo matches occurred most in the lower extremity joints and the foot, and shows that the most of the injury types were contusion and sprain. Therefore, it is believed to be helpful to wear the proper fitting ankle or the knee protector and using other protective equipment to prevent the sports injury in the Taekwondo matches.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) can heal and remain asymptomatic, or they can progress to deep ankle pain on weight bearing and the formation of subchondral cysts. Treatment varies from nonoperative treatment to open and arthroscopic procedures. Operative procedures include marrow stimulation techniques (abrasion chondroplasty, multiple drilling, microfracture), osteochondral autografts or allografts, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. Among these treatments, arthroscopic marrow stimulation techniques have been the preferred initial surgical treatment for most OLT. Despite these treatments, many patients complain of persistent pain even after surgery, and many surgeons face the challenge of determining a second line of treatments. This requires a thorough re-evaluation of the patient's symptoms as well as radiological measures. If the primary surgical treatment has failed, multiple operative treatments are available, and relatively more invasive methods can be administered. On the other hand, it is inappropriate to draw a firm conclusion in which methods are superior.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2004

Introduction: To cover the exposed tendons and bones in the foot and hand which need coverage and abundant vascular flow, lateral arm flaps were transferred. Lateral arm flap is a thin and innervated fasciocutaneous flap with a lower lateral cutaneous nerve and posterior radial collateral artery. Materials and methods: From October 1992 through September 2003, we have performed 5 lateral arm flaps for reconstruction of the exposed achilles tendons in 2 cases and the exposed forearm extensors, 2nd to 5th metacarpal bones and scaphoid each 1 case. The causes were traffic accident in 2 cases and machinary injury in 3 cases. Age range was between 31 to 74 (average 50) and all male except 1. Posterior lateral collateral artery and venae comitantes were anastomosed by end to end in 3 cases and vena comitante in 2 cases. Lower lateral cutaneous nerve was anastomosed with a branch of superficial radial nerve in 2 cases. Results: The results were evaluated by survival of the flap, sensory discrimination, cosmesis and comfort in the activities of the daily living. All flaps were survived. Sensory recovery was graded as deep cutaneous pain sensibility in 2 cases. Cosmesis was moderately satisfied and comfort was good except 1 as moderate. Postoperative defatting procedure was done in 1 case and skin abrasion was occurred in 1 case. Conclusion: Lateral arm flap was suitable for coverage of the exposed achilles tendons and exposed forearm extensors, metacarpals and scaphoid in the wrist.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.122-132
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• 1984

Aiming to obtain knowledge and information on tetanus occurrence in Korea, an analystical survey was carried out for registered and admitted patients in four large hospitals in Korea during January 1, 1974 through December 31, 1983. Tile results showed as follows: 1. 175 among total 453 tetanus patients died in the hospitals, therefore fatal rate showed as 24.1%. However, the discharged patients against doctors' advices were not included in these died cases. 2. Sex ratio of admitted tetanus patients between male and felame was shown as 3 : 1. 3. Home delivery in neonate tetanus and laceration and abrasion in non-neonate tetanus were observed as the most dominant cause of death respectively and the wound of foot lead the most dominant cause of death in the latter. 4. Clinical features of the tetanus patients on admission showed the following order in the frequency: sucking and disphagia failure(50.8%), convulsion (53.8%), trismus (50.8%). 5. The tetanus patients were terminated with mainly respiratory ani cardiac failure. 6. In the treatment for tetanus patients, airway (58.3%), intubation (45.3%) and tracheostomy(9.7%) were applied respectively.