• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2007

Why do some countries walk on the right and others on the left? People have a dominant hand which leads to a natural tendency to favor one side of the road or another depending on the means of transportation being used. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the stereotype of Korean regarding preferred walking direction in encountering various facilities and provide the appropriate information to traffic policy makers. Six hundred Korean male and female subjects aging from 12 to 83 were selected to investigate the various statistics about their preferred walking direction and their employment characteristics on walking diverse facilities. The walking directions of eleven different facilities were asked along with other relative subjects' characteristics(e.g., age, gender, hand and foot dominance) to determine the relationship among these obtained data. The descriptive statistics showed that 73.7% and 26.3% were preferred walking right and left direction respectively. Moreover, various statistical analysis revealed that general tendency of walking direction was varied by hand and foot dominances. There were strong tendency that right-handed people prefer walking right side of the road and vise versa, hence this should be considered in setting up traffic policies. As a concluding remark, it is better to design traffic policies and regulations in the way that peoples' preference and expectation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Defects involving the ankle and foot are often the result of road traffic accidents. Many such defects are composite and require a flap for coverage, which is a significant challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Various locoregional options, such as reverse sural artery, reverse peroneal artery, peroneus brevis muscle, perforator-based, and fasciocutaneous flaps, have been used, but each flap type has limitations. In this study, we used the distally based lateral supramalleolar flap to reconstruct distal dorsal defects of the foot. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the flap in reconstructing distal dorsal defects of the foot. The specific objectives were to study the adequacy, reach, and utility of the lateral supramalleolar flap for distal defects of the dorsum of the foot; to observe various complications encountered with the flap; and to study the functional outcomes of reconstruction. Methods: The distal dorsal foot defects of 10 patients were reconstructed with distal lateral supramalleolar flaps over a period of 6 months at a tertiary care center, and the results were analyzed. Results: We were able to effectively cover distal foot defects in all 10 cases. Flap congestion was observed in two cases, and minor graft loss was seen in two cases. Conclusions: The distally based lateral supramalleolar flap is a good pedicled locoregional flap for the coverage of distal dorsal foot and ankle defects of moderate size, with relatively few complications and little morbidity. It can be used as a lifeboat or even substitute for a free flap.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2010

Purpose: Driving a car is an essential component of daily life. For safe driving, each driver must perceive sensory information and respond rapidly and accurately. Brake response time (BRT) is a particularly important factor in the total stopping distance of a vehicle, and therefore is an important factor in traffic accident prevention research. The purpose of the current study was (1) to compare accelerometer. BRTs analyzed by three different methods and (2) to investigate possible correlations between accelerometer-BRTs and foot switch-BRTs, which are measured method using a foot switch. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects participated in this study. BRT was measured with either a tri-axial accelerometer or a footswitch. BRT with a tri-axial accelerometer was analyzed using three methods: maximum acceleration time, geometrical center, and center of maximum and minimum acceleration values. Results: Both foot switch-BRTs and accelerometer-BRTs were delayed. ANOVA for accelerometer BRTs yielded significant main effects for axis and analysis, while the interaction effect between axis and analysis was not significant. Calculating the Pearson correlation between accelerometer-BRT and foot switch-BRT, we found that maximum acceleration time and center of maximum and minimum acceleration values were significantly correlated with foot switch-BRT (p<0.05). The X axis of the geometrical center was significantly correlated with foot switch-BRTs (p<0.05), but Y and Z axes were not (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the maximum acceleration time and the center of maximum and minimum acceleration value are significantly correlated with foot switch-BRTs.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to describe the results of treatment for motor vehiclerelated crushing injuries among children and adolescents under sixteen years in Korea. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from children who were under sixteen year and injured foot by motor vehicles. Cases were documented 1) age at the time of injury, 2) injured site, 3) the area of accident, 4) the kind of vehicle, 5) associated injuries, 6) methods of treatment for soft tissue reconstruction and 7) complications. The relationships between the area of accident and associated injuries, and the kind of vehicle and associated injuries were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: There were 97 children who were 15 year and younger. The mean age was 7.4 years, and 65% were boys. The left foot was more dominant side of injury (57%). Seasonal variation was seen with the number of injuries peaking during the summer (43%, p<0.05). Among the vehicles, 78.3% were the large vehicles (bus, truck or van). The where of accident was more frequent at an alley or less than two lanes of traffic. But, the relationships between the place of accident and associated injury or the kind of vehicles and associated injury were not statistically significant. The associated injury were fracture or dislocation (23 cases, 35.9%), injury of tendon (21 cases, 32.8%). There were amputation or disarticulation of foot in 8 cases (8.2%) and post-traumatic deformities such as flatfoot, hindfoot varus or valus deformities by tendon injury in 7 cases (7.2%). Conclusion: More than 50% of crushing or degloving injuries of child's foot by traffic accidents happened in boys between 5 to 9 years old. The associated injury was unrelated with size of vehicles or accident place at the time of accident. But, even though foot injury happened in an alley or one lane by small vehicles, child who hurt feet by car need thorough investigation about associated injury. If a surgeon keep in mind and treat child to associated injury necessarily, can minimize complication. Microsurgical reconstruction for soft tissue defect was prior to other methods.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2000

A subtalar dislocation of the foot is a dislocation of the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joint while the tibiotalar relationship is unchanged. Posterior subtalar dislocation in particular, is a extremely rare. Only a few cases were reported previously in the literature. We treated a 25 year-old man who sustained the posterior subtalar dislocation in high energy traffic accident. The dislocation of subtalar joint was reduced by closed means with excellent clinical result. In this paper, we report 1 case of posterior dislocation of the subtalar joint and describe the pathomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2019

Purpose: Bone contusion is usually treated with conservative therapy for 3 months. Bone contusion around knee and hip joints has been extensively reported on, but there are scant reports on this condition in foot and ankle joints. This study evaluated the nature, characteristics and location of bone contusion around foot and ankle joints to enlighten clinicians on how to better treat this disease entity. Materials and Methods: We classified bone contusion of the 76 patients into three types (102 sites; 47 ankle sprains, 18 traffic accidents, 11 falls) according to the Costa-Paz system with employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the study then analyzed the common sites and areas of occurrence according to the mechanism of injury and duration of pain after first conducting conservative therapy. Results: Of the 76 patients (102 sites) on the MRI, 43 case (42.2%) for talus, 19 cases for distal tibia, and 12 cases for calcaneus were involved. The classification, according to the Costa-Paz system, was Type I, 51 cases; Type II, 32 cases; and Type III, 19 cases. The duration of pain after conservative treatment was 12.15±2.17 weeks for Type I, 14.5±2.15 weeks for Type II, and 21.0±3.8 weeks for Type III. Conclusion: The most common location of post-traumatic bone contusion around both the foot and ankle is the talus, distal tibia, and calcaneus. The most common type of injury noted on MRI is a diffuse signal with change of the medullary component (Type I), In cases of bone contusion extending to a subjacent articular surface or disruption or depression of the normal contour of the cortical surface (Types II, III), the patients' pain appears to last longer. Thus, it is necessary to consider a longer period of conservative treatment in cases of Types II and III bone contusion because the patients' pain may last longer than 3 months.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative stress test for diagnosis of occult Lisfranc injury. Materials and Methods: Between April 2009 and October 2012, 21 patients with occult Lisfranc injuries underwent intraoperative stress test and internal fixation. There were 11 males and 10 females with an average age of 45.3 years (range, 23~79 years). Injuries were caused by traffic accident in 10 cases, indirect force (twisting injury) in 8 cases, and crush in 2 cases, falling from a height in 1 case. Unstable injuries on stress radiograph in occult injury of Lisfranc joint were treated by open reduction or closed reduction and fixation with cannulated screw or K-wire. Radiological evaluation was assessed according to preoperative and postoperative diastasis between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ metatarsal base. Results: Assoicated injuries were 9 cases of metatarsal fractures, 6 cases of cuneiform fractures and 6 cases of both metatarsal and cuneiform fractures. Medial and middle column fixation was in 13 cases, and three columns fixation was in 8 cases. Initial diastasis between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ metatarsal base was 2.8 mm (1.3~4.7 mm) on AP radiograph and postoperative diastasis between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ metatarsal base was 1.2 mm (0.5~2.4 mm) on AP radiograph. Conclusion: Even there is no sign of clear Lisfranc injury, it is necessary to pay attention and give evaluation on circumstances of occult Lisfranc injuries with metatarsal or cuneiform fractures. Intraoperative stress test is helpful to diagnose an occult Lisfranc injury. For unstable injuries on stress radiographs of occult Lisfranc joint injury, operative treatment with open or closed reduction and internal fixation is useful method.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2003

Soft tissue reconstruction of dorsum of the foot and ankle has long presented challenging problems for the reconstructive surgeon. Limitations of available local tissue, the need for specialized tissue, and donor site morbidity restrict the options. In an effort to solve these difficult problems, we have begun to use adipofascial flap based on the perforating branch of the peroneal artery. We present our early experience of 5 patients treated with this flap. Our patients ranged from 6 to 26 years in age and included 3 males and 2 females. The etiologies of the wounds were secondary to traffic accident, and crushing injury. The flaps had reverse flow in all patients. The flap and the adjoining raw area were covered with a full-thickness skin graft, while the donor site at the lateral aspect of the leg was closed primarily without grafting. The skin graft was taken from the inguinal area, which was closed primarily. Compared with other flap, this adipofascial flap is thinner, producing less bulkiness to the recipient site and minor aesthetic sequelae to the donor site. In our opinion, this flap is versatile, effective, and an addition to the armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon for coverage of difficult wounds of the foot and ankle.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1997

전북대학교병원 정형외과에서 1992년 6월부터 1996년 5월까지 족부 손상 13례에 대하여 유리조직 이식술울 시행하고 만 1년이상 추시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1 손상 족부의 원인별로는 압궤손상이 9례, 족부 골수염 3례, 그리고 전기화상 1례 등 13례이었다. 2. 유리조직 이식술은 족배피판이 5례(38.5%), 박근 4례(30.7%), 복직근(15.4%), 고아배근피 이식술과 상환 피부판 이식술 각 1례 등 13례를 시행하였는데 부위별로는 족배부에 족배피판 4례와 박근 4례를 시행하였고, 발뒤꿈치의 후방에 광배근 피판 1례, 후외측에 족배피판 및 상완 피판 각 1례, 족부 후방과 족장부 동시 손상에 복직근 1례, 긔록 내측부 손상에 복직근 1례를 시행하였다. 2. 6례의 유리 근 이식술후 평균 20일만에 피부 이식술을 시행하였으며 괴사없이 도포되었다. 4. 유리조직 이시술을 시행한 13례 전례에서 생존하여, 6례에서 시행하였던 피부 이식술을 제외한 2차 술식없이 손상되었던 족부를 재건할 수 있었으며 유리조직의 신발신기 평가에서도 양호 이상의 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2023

빅데이터/AI 기반 사회로의 변화에 따른 여러 혜택에서 소상공인은 상대적으로 소외될 가능성이 높다. 이를 지원하기 위해 유동인구를 기반으로 핫플레이스를 정의하여 소상공인의 창업 지역 의사 결정을 지원하고자 한다. 다양한 연구를 통해 해당 지역의 인구 규모가 소상공인의 매출에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 사실이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 인천 유동인구 데이터 중 내륙 지방을 추출하여 연구를 진행하였다. 50m 간격의 격자 형태로 이루어진 데이터로 보간을 통해 일 단위로 이미지화 하였다. LOF와 GAM을 이용하여 공간적 이상치 제거 및 보간을 수행하였고, LOESS를 통해 시간적 이상치를 제거 및 보간하였다. 시간적, 공간적 특성을 모두 고려할 수 있는 ConvLSTM을 예측 모델로 사용하였으며, reconstruction error를 기반으로 이상치 탐지를 수행하는 AutoEncoder 구조를 통해 MAPE가 높은 격자가 밀집해 있는 지역을 핫플레이스로 정의하고자 한다.