• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1599-1608
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• 2024

Yersinia enterocolitica is a globally distributed food-borne gastrointestinal pathogen. The O-antigen variation-determined serotype is an important characteristic of Y. enterocolitica, allowing intraspecies classification for diagnosis and epidemiology purposes. Among the 11 serotypes associated with human yersiniosis, O:3, O:5,27, O:8, and O:9 are the most prevalent, and their O-antigen gene clusters have been well defined. In addition to the O-antigen, several virulence factors are involved in infection and pathogenesis of Y. enterocolitica strains, and these are closely related to their biotypes, reflecting pathogenic properties. In this study, we identified the O-AGC of a Y. enterocolitica strain WL-21 of serotype O:10, and confirmed its functionality in O-antigen synthesis. Furthermore, we analyzed in silico the putative O-AGCs of uncommon serotypes, and found that the O-AGCs of Y. enterocolitica were divided into two genetic patterns: (1) O-AGC within the hemH-gsk locus, possibly synthesizing the O-antigen via the Wzx/Wzy dependent pathway, and (2) O-AGC within the dcuC-galU-galF locus, very likely assembling the O-antigen via the ABC transporter dependent pathway. By screening the virulence genes against genomes from GenBank, we discovered that strains representing different serotypes were grouped according to different virulence gene profiles, indicating strong links between serotypes and virulence markers and implying an interaction between them and the synergistic effect in pathogenicity. Our study provides a framework for further research on the origin and evolution of O-AGCs from Y. enterocolitica, as well as on differences in virulent mechanisms among distinct serotypes.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2015

참깨 종자전염성 병해를 방제하기 위하여 다양한 유용미생물을 함유하는 김치, 고추장, 된장, 간장, 막걸리를 채집하여 식품 추출물을 조제하고 종자전염성병원균에 대한 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 추가로 식품유래 미생물의 참깨 종자전염성 병해 억제 효과를 in vitro 및 in vivo 조건하에서 조사하였다. 50개 식품추출물에 처리한 참깨 종자를 샤레상에 처리하였을 때 20개 식품추출물이 유묘썩음증상을 92% 이상 감소시켰고, 7개 식품 추출물 처리는 온실조건에서 지상부 출현율을 58.3-66.8% 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 여러 발효식품으로부터 얻은 218종의 발효미생물 중 7종의 종자전염성 병원균에 대하여 높은 항균활성을 보였던 29균주를 처리하여 종자소독효과를 검정한 결과, 20균주가 병 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 20균주 중 13균주는 모썩음 증상을 유의성 있게 감소시켜 건전주율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 16S rDNA region의 염기서열분석을 통해 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 항균활성 및 종자소독 효과를 보인 식품유래 유용미생물 16종에 대한 동정을 수행하였다. 그 결과 14균주는 Bacillus 속 세균으로, 막걸리로부터 분리된 2균주는 Saccharomyces 속으로 동정되었다. 발효식품에서 분리된 선발 균주는 대부분 B. amyloliquifaciens인 것으로 나타났다. 선발 균주 중 B. amyloliquefaciens Gcj2-1와 B. amyloliquefaciens Gcj3-1를 코팅제로 bentonite, kaolin, talc 및 zeolite를 첨가 혼화하여 제제화하였을 때 두 균주 공히 talc와 kaolin 제형이 억제 효과가 우수하였고 그 다음이 zeolite 제형이었다. 그러나 bentonite 제형의 경우에는 타 제형에 비해 억제 효과가 낮게 나타났다. 선발된 발효식품유래 미생물은 in vitro와 온실조건에서 참깨 종자전염성병 방제에 있어서 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 근거로 국내산 발효식품 추출물 및 발효식품 유래 미생물은 참깨 종자소독용 방제제로서 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.146-149
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• 2013

비브리오균은 해양 및 하구 환경에서 상재하는 균으로 그람 음성 간균, 호염성, 비포자형성의 특징을 가지고 있다. 질병과 관련된 균주로는 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholera 등이 있다. 매년 어패류의 섭취 등을 통해 식중독 사고가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 이에 본 연구에서는 서해안 6곳에서 패류를 채취하여 비브리오균의 분포도를 모니터링하고, 이들의 항생제 내성을 분석하였다. 총 120건의 패류를 TCBS 평판배지와 API 20E kit 기법으로 동정하였을 때 23.3%의 시료에서 비브리오균이 검출되었다. 이들 분리균주들의 항생제 내성을 16종의 항생제에 대해 분석한 결과 82.1%가 각각 vancomycin과 ampicillin에 대해 내성을 보였고, rifampin (71.4%)과 cephalothin (53.6%)에 대한 내성비율도 다른 항생제들에 비해 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 분리균주들의 항생제 감수성은 chloramphenicol (92.9%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.9%)과 tetracycline (96.4%)에 대해 가장 높았다. 분리균주들의 약 71.4%가 vancomycin과 ampicillin을 포함하여 3개 이상의 항생제에 대해 다중내성을 보였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2023

The seed borne disease such as bakanae is difficult to control. Crop yield loss caused by bakanae depending on the regions and varieties grown, ranging from 3.0% to 95.4%. Bakanae is an important disease of rice worldwide and the pathogen was identified as Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi Sawada). Currently, four Fusaria (F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides and F. andiyazi) belonging to F. fujikuroi species complex are generally known as the pathogens of bakanae. The infection occurs through both seed and soil-borne transmission. When infection occurs during the heading stage, rice seeds become contaminated. Molecular detection of pathogens of bakanae is important because identification based on morphological and biological characters could lead to incorrect species designation and time-consuming. Seed disinfection has been studied for a long time in Korea for the management of the bakanae disease of rice. As seed disinfectants have been studied to control bakanae, resistance studies to chemicals have been also conducted. Presently biological control and resistant varieties are not widely used. The detection of this pathogen is critical for seed certification and for preventing field infections. In South Korea, bakanae is designated as a regulated pathogen. To provide highly qualified rice seeds to farms, Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) has been producing and distributing certified rice seeds for producing healthy rice in fields. Therefore, the objective of the study is to summarize the recent progress in molecular identification, fungicide resistance, and the management strategy of bakanae.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2009

외식산업의 빠른 성장과 함께 호텔을 비롯한 일반음식점에서의 식중독의심사건 발생빈도가 증가하고 있어 현장에서 신속하고 간편하게 위생상태를 판단할 수 있는 모니터링기법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구는 서울시내 5개 호텔을 대상으로 개인위생 (작업자의 손), 조리기구 (칼, 도마, 행주, 캔오프너, 식품보관용기, 슬라이스머신칼날), 시설 설비 (냉장고손잡이, 작업대, 싱크대)에 대한 위생관리 실태를 조사하였고 그에 대한 검증법인 ATP 조사법의 상관관계를 도출하고자 하였다. 5개 호텔의 위생관리 실태조사 결과, 50점 만점 중 개인위생 46.6점, 조리기구 위생관리 40.2점, 시설 설비 위생관리 40.3점으로 개인위생은 비교적 관리가 잘 되고 있었으며, 조리기구와 시설 설비의 위생관리는 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. ATP검사 결과, 작업자의 손은 $40.8{\pm}6.77\;RLU/cm^2$로 조리기구와 시설 설비에 비해 높은 값을 보였으나, 모두 1,000 RLU/$cm^2$의 기준 이하로 위생관리 상태가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 위생실태조사 결과 점수와 ATP 값의 상관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 각 호텔별 작업자 손, 조리기구, 시설 설비 모두에서 음의 상관관계를 가지며 높은 상관성을 보였다 ATP검사법은 신속, 간편, 일관성을 바탕으로 호텔을 비롯한 외식업체에서 감시원이 수행하는 주관적인 위생실태조사를 대체 할 수 있는 객관적인 위생관리 방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2001

The ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf was fractionated by various organic solvents, and their antimicrobial and antioxidative activities were investigated against several microorganisms. The ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf at two thousand $\mu\textrm{g}$ per disc showed 17~21mm inhibition zone against Gram postive and Gram negative bacteria. Among the various solvent fractions from ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf, the hexane fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hexane fraction was 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Bacillus cereus, 250~500$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Listeria monocytogenes, 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, the hexane and chloroform fraction had the similar antioxidative activity compared to that of butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT).

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.15-31
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• 2024

Deserts around the world mostly do not have plants and are ever- expanding their area each year. There is shortage of food and prevalent hunger around the world mostly in the African countries that have desert. The waste water is not properly managed in those places and it causes disease outbreaks. So, the problems of desertification, waste water management and hunger have to be addressed by the world community. This thesis work tries to explore a possibility of reclamation of deserts with regular application of waste water. The results obtained from a four months long test are very encouraging and it can be easily concluded that the deserts can be reclaimed by application of waste water and it will relieve the desert community from the burden of costly treatment of waste water as well. In turn, they will, to some extent, get rid of water borne diseases and the reclaimed land could be used in future to produce more food to feed the hungry community- positively impacting directly to food security of the focused community.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2022

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Akabane virus (AKAV) are mosquito-borne viruses that cause encephalitis and reproductive disorders in horses and cattle, respectively. There is no treatment for JEV or AKAV infections in animals. Therefore, we evaluated the antiviral activity of 18-mer amphipathic peptides in the 1b-4/21-C series on JEV and AKAV using Vero cells in vitro and evaluated their effects on JEV in mice. Of 6 peptides, 1b-4/21-C12 had the lowest IC₅₀ of 0.313 against JEV and its use as an antiviral against JEV and AKAV was examined. The IC₅₀ of 1b-4/21-C12 against JEV and AKAV was 0.78 and 1.14 µM, respectively. Mice treated with 5 or 2 mg/kg of 1b-4/21-C12 had 32% and 16% survival rates, respectively, and the surviving mice treated with 1b-4/21-C12 began to gain weight beginning 8 days post challenge with the virulent Nakayama strain. Moreover, 20 µM 1b-4/21-C peptide had no cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Our in vitro and in vivo results indicate that 1b-4/21-C12 has antiviral activity against enveloped JEV and AKAV and might be useful as a therapeutic substance.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify potentially hazardous factors which can contribute to the outbreak of food borne disease and present more practical management methods in terms of sanitary management of cooking equipment and personal hygiene. 230 Korean-style restaurants in Seoul were surveyed in the same manner on the published study-A study for the Improvement of Sanitary Condition in Korean style-restaurant in Seoul city area (I). Sanitary check-lists were developed to evaluate the sanitary status of cooking equipment and personal hygiene of employee. The sanitary condition of cooking equipment the maintenance of refrigeration, food habits and personal hygiene were assessed by the sanitary score. The sanitary condition of cooking equipment, the maintenance of refrigeration as well as food habits and personal hygiene employee was in good condition. The effective sanitation education and training for good service workers should be practice for the improvement of sanitary management of cooking equipment and personal hygiene.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

The current status and future prospects of parasitic infections in Korea is briefly reviewed. Soil-transmitted helminth infections including ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infections decreased remarkably. owing to the national control activities excuted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion(formerly Korea Association of parasite Eradication) using mass heath education. Important recent trends include reemergence of vivax malaria since 1993, persistence of food-borne trematode infections including clonorchiasis and intestinal trematode infections, increased detection of zoonotic parasitosis, close-up of infection with opportunistic parasites including cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and pneumosytosis, increase of imported tropical infectious disease, appearance of new parasitic disease such as gymnophalloidiasis, and increase of accidental infections with free-living amoebae. These trends represent greatly changed overall patterns of parasitic infections in Korea.