• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 1997

The antimutagenic effects of juices and methanol extracts from cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, red cabbage, Korean cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, radish root, leafy radish, rape leaves and shepherd's purse) on the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) were studied using Salmonella assay system. In the case of juices from the cruciferous vegetables, the juices of cabbage, kale, cauliflower and radish root in the concentrations of 50, 200 and 500 ${mu}ell$/plate considerably decreased the mutagenicity induced by AFB1, and the juices of cabbage and broccoli in the concentrations of 200 and 500${mu}ell$/plate significantly reduced the mutagenicity induced by MNNG. The antimutagenic activities of the juices against AFB1 were stronger than those against MNNG. In the case of methanol extracts from the cruciferous vegetables, the methanol extracts of kale, broccoli and shepherd'purse appeared to inhibit the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 and MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium test strains. The effects of the juices against mutagens quite different from ones of the methanol extracts. The juice of cabbage showed antimutagenicity, but its methanol extract was less effective. However, both juices and methanol extracts from kale and broccoli exhibited strong antimutagenic activities against the mutagens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.350-358
• /
• 1998

The antimutagenic and anticancer activities of glycoprotein(GP) and chondroitin sulfate(CS) from sea cucumbers were studied using Ames mutagenicity test and human cancer cells culture test. The GP's inhibitory effect toward aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and 3, 2'-dimethyl-4-amino-biphenyl(DMAB) increased with the higher added concentrations up to 5% level(w/w) regardless fractionation methods. The GP from sea cucumbers through DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed an inhibitory effect ranged from 84 to 98%, and the maximum antimutagenicities resulted in red sea cucumber with 98% (AFB1) and 95% (DMAB). But 5% level of CS from various sea cucumbers had an inhibitory effect toward those both indirect mutagens ranged from 79% to 85%. However, in case of direct mutagens(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, MNNG and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4-NQO), the GP's inhibitory effect was 55∼78% and the CS had a low inhibitory effect(58∼70%) at the added level of 5%. The GP from sea cucumbers exhibited the strong inhibitory effects with 89∼95% and 82∼92% on the growth of HT-29 human crcinoma cells and AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells (at 5% level).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.302-307
• /
• 1992

The methanol extract of perilla leaves contained compounds to reduce the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and 100. They were separated by solvent extractions and identified by GC and GC-MS as 2-ethoxy acetate, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetramethyl-cis-cyclobutene, two isomers of methyl 11, 14, 17-eicosatrienoate, 12-acetyl-9-octadecanoic acid, and phytol. The antimutagenicities of phytol and methyl 11, 14, 17-eicosatrienoate were dependent on the mutagens tested. Phytol reduced the mutagenicity of Trp-p-2 but not of AFB$_1$and methyl 11, 14, 17-eicosatrienoate reduced the activities both of the mutagens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.439-445
• /
• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of the water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz (RG) on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC), $aflatoxin\;B_1\;(AFB_1)$ and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were studied using the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The water extract of RG was separated into methanol soluble and methanol insoluble parts. The methanol soluble part exhibited higher inhibition effects than the methanol insoluble part against the mutagenic activities of five mutagens. Step-wise fractionation of methanol soluble part was done using methanol, ethyl acetate and water. Among these fractions, water fraction had the strongest inhibitory effects against the mutagenenicity of five model mutagens, showing $4.5{\sim}29.5%$ inhibition, but the $AFB_1$ mutagenic potency was increased slightly by ethyl acetate fraction. The water fraction was further partitioned by sephadex LH-20 column chromtography, and 9 subfractions were obtained. The fraction III showed the strongest inhibitory effects with dose response against the mutagenic activities induced by all the tested chemical mutagens. The inhibition rates of fraction III at concentration of $400\;{\mu}g/assay$ were 29%, 35%, 38%, 25% and 24% against 4-NQO, MNNG, MMC, AFBl and B(a)P, respectively. The fraction III also exhibited a strong bio-an-timutagenicity against 4-NQO and $AFB_1$ by showing more than 40% inhibition.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2002

The cytotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities against chemical direct mutagens such as mitomycin C, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone of the 70% ethanol extracts of 29 colored rice varieties and chuchung as a control were examined. The results obtained using authentic alkaline phosphatase activity as a growth representative of the indicator cell E. coli PQ 37 demonstrated that the extracts of 13 kinds of colored rice varieties including Jumlalocal and Jumlalocal-1 showed strong toxic effect on the cell growth. However the extracts of DK 1, SC-5, LK 1A-2-12-1-1 and wx 139-3-64-20-3-1 seemed to have stimulatory effects on the cell growth. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the colored rice varieties were screened using SOS chromotest. The mutagenic activity was detected from Jumalocal-1, IR 17491-5-4-3-3 and Jumlalocal. On the contrary, 7 samples including LK 1-3-6-12-1-1, Parnkhari 203, Jumlalocal, wx 139-3-64-20-3-1, Muthumanikam, HP 883-1-1-1-B-1-1 and Jumlalocal-1 were shown to have antimutagenic acitivities against the chemical direct mutagens used in this study.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.796-799
• /
• 1996

The antimutagenic properties of twenty-one strains of Bifidobacterium were examined using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in an in vitro assay system. The mutagens utilized for testing included Trp-P-1 (3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-$^{5}H-pyrido$ (4, 3-b) indole), benzopyrene, IQ (2-amino -3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline), and NQO. The lyophilized cells of strain showed inhibitory effect of 64, 38, 29 and 20% in average against Trp-P-1, benzopyrene, NQO and IQ, respectively. There was no marked variation between each strain or growth stage in the degree of antimutagenicity against Trp-P-1, benzopyrene and IQ. Twelve hour grown cells showed higher antimutagenicity against NQO than 5-day grown cells. The results indicate that Bifidobacterium cells had a antimutagenic effect against several well-known mutagens to some degree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.454-459
• /
• 1992

Kojic acid, a fungal metabolite produced by some species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, was found to induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence or absence of the rat liver homogenate (59 mix). All categories of chromosomal aberrations increased with increased doses of kojic acid. Based on the this result, kojic acid was assumed to be a kind of mutagens. On the potential toxicity of this compound it becomes evident that kojic acid would not be used as a food additive at this time.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 1997

The mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of juices from 20 common edible wild herbs found in Korea were investigated using the spore-rec assay and Ames test. The juices of Hemerocallis fulva and Capsella bursapastoris exhibited a little induction or inhibition of mutagenesis in the presence of selected metal ions, but juices of most edible wild herbs did not affect on the mutagenesis in the spore-rec assay. In the other hand, all of the juices strongly inhibited the mutagenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene, 2-amino-fluorene, and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyridol tested on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 or TA100 in the presence of S-9 mix. The antimutagenic effects increased as the concentration of the mutagens increase. The results suggest that concentration of samples or types of various mutagen interact to affect the antimutagenic potential of the juices in the TA98 and TA100 strain.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.278-284
• /
• 2006

The beneficial effects of digested onion extracts have been assessed by antimutagenic and anticancer activities by Ames test and SRB test. The total phenolic acids and flavonoids in onion extracts were determined. Red and yellow onions contain more phenolic acids and flavonoids than those in the white onion. Digested, extracts showed antimutagenic activity and anticancer activity, and it appears that the antimutagenic activity of digested extracts of onion against mutagens and anticancer activities were related to their phenols and flavonoids contents. Moreover, the extracts inhibited the proliferation of four human tumorigenic cell lines such as HT-29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), DU-145 (prostate) and HepG2 (liver), in a dose-dependent manner. Phenolic acids and flavonoids caused oxidative damage to the cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis. Generally, red onion extracts showed effective antimutagenic and anticancer activity, and the digested red onion extracts elicited stronger antimutagenic activity than those of the onion extracts without digestion.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2005

The present work was undertaken to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of capsaicin (8­methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) by measuring its effects on matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell invasion and lung metastasis. Significant inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity by capsaicin (100 $\mu$M) was detected by gelatin zymography. In vitro invasion assay showed capsaicin (50, 100 $\mu$M) reduced tumor cell invasion ($28-40\%$). Capsaicin (i.p., 2.5 mg/kg) inhibited development of lung colonization ($58\%$). These results suggest that capsaicin prevents metastasis in part through suppression of invasion of B16F10 melanoma cells by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 responsible for degradation of extracellular matrix.