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A Survey of Ecological Knowledge and Information for Climate Change Adaptation in Korea - Focused on the Risk Assessment and Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change - (기후변화 적응정책 관련 생태계 지식정보 수요와 활용도 증진 방향 - 생태계 기후변화 리스크 평가 및 적응대책을 중심으로 -)

  • Yeo, Inae;Hong, Seungbum
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.26-36
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    • 2020
  • This study aimed at investigating present research and knowledge-base on climate change adaptation in ecosystem sector and analyzed the current status of basic information on ecosystem that functions as evidence-base of climate change adaptation to deduce the suggestions for the future development for knowledge and information in biodiversity. In this perspective, a questionary survey titled as "the ecological knowledge-base and information needs for climate change adaptation" with the researchers who were engaged with adaptation studies for biodiversity in the ecosystem related-research institutes including national and 17 regional local governments-affiliated agencies in Korea. The results are as follows; current status of utilizing ecological information which supports climate change adaptation strategy, future needs for adaptation knowledge and ecological information, and activation of utilizing ecological information. The majority of respondents (90.7%) replied that the ecological information has high relevance when conducting research on climate change adaptation. However, only half of all respondents (53.2%) agreed with the real viability of current information to the adaptation research. Particularly, urgent priority for researchers was deduced as intensifying knowledge-base and constructing related information on 'ecosystem change from climate change (productivity, community structure, food chain, phenology, range distribution, and number of individuals) with the overall improvement of information contents and its quality. The respondents emphasized with the necessity of conducting field surveys of local ecosystem and constructing ecosystem inventories, advancing monitoring designs for climate change in ecosystem, and case studies for regional ecosystem changes with the guidance or guidelines for monitoring ecosystem change to enhance the quality of adaptation research and produce related information. In terms of activation for ecological information usage, national and local adaptation network should be working based on the integrated ecological platform necessary to support exchanges of knowledge and information and to expand ecosystem types in time and spatial dimension.

A Study on the Characteristics of Descriptions of the Perspiration in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" (황제내경(黃帝內經)에 보이는 한(汗)관련 서술(敍述)의 특징(特徵)에 대한 고찰(考察))

  • Lyu, Jeong-Ah;Jang, Woo-Chang;Baik, You-Sang;Jeong, Chang-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.205-223
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    • 2010
  • In Korean Traditional Medicine(abbreviated to K.T.M.), hyperhidrosis and anhidrosis are the targets of the medical treatment. Furthermore sweating appearance is also one of the important symptoms which explain a particular situation of the patient in K.T.M. And at "Sanghanron(傷寒論)" which is a traditional chief clinical bible written by Jang Gi(張機) later Han dynasty(漢代) in China made full use of the various kinds of diaphoresis[汗法] as a main medical treatment with purgation therapy[下法] and emetic therapy[吐法]. So the sweat in itself not only is the disease, but also is one of the symptoms explain a disease pattern. This thesis inquires into "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" referring to sweat which is the origin of recognition to the sweat in K.T.M. Some theses similar to this research had been made progresses and already reported, but most of them have classified the contents into biology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment after the model of western medical theory. In the aspect of comparative studying with other literature and clinic practical using, we found characteristics of referring to sweat in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)". And we classify the characteristics into some categories as follows. 1. There are some terms which make a title including sweat and symbolize the characteristics, for example sweat of soul[魄汗], sweat of death[絶汗], sweat of streaming[灌汗], sweat of weakness[白汗], sweat of sleep[寢汗], sweat of bright and heat[炅汗], sweat of kidney[腎汗], sweat of escaping[漉汗], cold sweat[寒汗], sweat on the head[頭汗], hyperhidrosis[多汗], heavy sweat[大汗]. But there aren't spontaneous sweat[自汗] or sweat like a thief[盜汗] which are the normal terms referring to sweat in history of K.T.M. And there are several descriptions about sweat appearance such as sweating in half of body[汗出偏沮], sweating in the rear end and thigh and knee[汗出尻陰股膝], hyperhidrosis in the neck and aversion to wind[頸多汗惡風], hyperhidrosis in the head and face and aversion to wind[頭面多汗惡風], cannot stopping the sweating under head[頭以下汗出不可止], make a person sweat to one's feet[令汗出至足], sweating like escaping[漯漯然汗出], sweating like soaking[汗出如浴], sweating become moist[汗出溱溱], hardly escaping sweat[汗大泄], escaping sweating[漉漉之汗], sweat moisten the pores [汗濡玄府], ceaseless sweating like pouring[汗注不休] sweating like pouring and vexation[汗注煩心], damp with sweat[汗汗然], sweating spontaneously[汗且自出], removal of fever with sweat drying[熱去汗稀]. That can be divided into sweat region and sweat form. 2. There are detailed explanations of the principle of perspirations caused by hot weather, hot food, hard working and meeting damp pathogen. 3. There are some explanations of the principle of removing fever due to the excessive heat from internal and external body through sweating by replenishing the body fluid. And many descriptions about overcoming the febrile disease by dropping temperature through sweating and many diaphoresis for curing. 4. There are some descriptions about five Jang organs perspirations and attachment of five mucous body fluid to five Jang organs. 5. There are pathogenic progresses after sweating affected by the Six Atmospheric Influences and water. And detailed explanations of disease mechanism a sweat leading to another disease. 6. There are descriptions about various sweat absent situations.

${\beta}-Glucans$ in Barley and Oats and Their Changes in Solubility by Processing (보리와 귀리의 ${\beta}-Glucans$ 및 가공에 의한 용해성의 변화)

  • Lee, Young-Tack
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.482-487
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    • 1996
  • Five barley and two oat varieties grown in Korea were investigated for soluble, insoluble, and total $(1{\to}3)$, $(1{\to}4)-{\beta}-D-glucans$. Total and insoluble ${\beta}-glucans$ after extraction of soluble ${\beta}-glucans$ with water were analyzed, and the soluble ${\beta}-glucans$ were calculated as the difference between total and insoluble ${\beta}-glucans$. The total ${\beta}-glucans$ in whole barleys were in a range of $3.3{\sim}5.6%$(average 4.4%), and those in pearled barleys were In a range of $3.3{\sim}7.1%$(average 5.2%). In whole barleys, on average, 54% of the ${\beta}-glucans$ was soluble and in pearled barley 46%. Whole oats contained $3.1{\sim}4.0%$ total ${\beta}-glucans$, and dehulling increased the groat ${\beta}-glucans$ contents to $4.0{\sim}4.8%$. Oats demonstrated considerably higher ${\beta}-glucans$ solubility of 84% than barley. ${\beta}-Glucans$ in barley and oats were rapidly extracted at the beginning of the extraction and almost all of the ${\beta}-glucans$ were extracted after $2{\sim}3 hr extraction. As extraction temperature increased from $23^{\circ}C$ to $45^{\circ}C$, more soluble ${\beta}-glucans$ were extracted. However, solubility of barley ${\beta}-glucans$ decreased at a relatively high temperature of $65^{\circ}C$. Steam-cooking reduced the analytical solubility of barley and oat ${\beta}-glucans$, while roasting seemed to render the ${\beta}-glucans$ of barley more soluble.

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UTILIZATION OF UNEXPLOITED ALGAE FOR FOOD OR OTHER INDUSTRIAL USES 1. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF UNEXPLOITED ALGAE AND EXTRACTION OF ALGAL PROTEIN (미이용해조류의 이용화에 관한 연구 I. 미이용해조류의 성분조성과 조류단백질의 추출)

  • PARK Yeung-Ho;PYEUN Jae-Hyeung;OH Hoo-Kyu;KANG Yeung-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 1976
  • Forty one samples from thirty three species of algae (19 from 15 species of Rhodophyceae, 18 from 14 species of Phaeophyceae, 3 from 3 species of Chlorophyceae, and 1 of marine Phanerogams) collected from several locations on the east, west and south coast of Korea, were analyzed for their contents of crude protein, fat, cellulose, ash, nitrogen free extract, amino nitrogen, and total amino acids. For the examination of extractability of algal protein with water, 4 species of algae, Sargassum thunberggi, Grateloupia filicina, Phyllospadix japonica, and Sargassum confusum, were analyzed. And the effect of some precipitation treatments for isolation of algal protein was also tested. As a matter of fact, Rhodophyceae showed high content in crude protein and low in crude fat while the case was opposite for Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Refering to the content of crude protein and total amino acids, the recommendable algae for protein sources were Sargassum thunbergii, Acrosorium flabellata, Phacelocarpus japonicus, Laurencia okamurai, Laurencia intermedia, Grateloupia filicina, Chondrus ocellatus, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gigartina tenella, Dictyota dichotoma, and Scytosiphon lomentaria. Methanol treatment appeared most effective in precipitation isolation of protein from water extracts whereas pH control method did not so beneficial. The precipitation rate of protein was particularity higher in the extract of Sargassum confusum ana the lowest was makted from the extract of Sargassum thunbergii.

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Studies on the Availability of Marine Bacteria and the Environmental Factors for the Mass Culture of the High Quality of Rotifer and Artemia 1. Change of Fatty Acid and Amino Aicd Composition During Cultivation of Rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis by Marine Bacteria Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ (고품질의 Rotifer와 Artemia의 생산을 위한 해양세균 이용과 대량생산에 따른 환경인자에 관한 연구 1. Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$에 의한 Rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis의 배양시 지방산과 아미노산 조성의 변화)

  • LEE Won-Jae;PARK You-Soo;PARK Young-Tae;KIM Sung-Jae;KIM Kwang-Yang
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.319-328
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    • 1997
  • To develop a beneficial microbial feed for the cultivation of rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, an aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ was isolated from marine structure at Haeundae beach in Pusan, Korea. Feeding effects of Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ on the growth of rotifer were analyzed comparing to other feeds such as PSB (purple nonsulfur bacteria), Chlorella sp. and baker's yeast. Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ contained more linoleic acid $(C_{18:3\omega3})$ and oleic acid $(C_{18:1\omega9})$ and amino acids than PSB (purple nonsulfur bacteria), Chlorella sp. and baker's yeast. The rotifer fed on Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ showed better effects than those fed on other feeds in the individual growth, size and weight. Also, the rotifer especially contained more eicosapentaenoic acid $(C_{20:5\omega3})$ and docosahexaenoic acid $(C_{22:6\omega3})$ in case of Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ feeding than the other feeds. In case of the feed of PSB and baker's yeast docosahexaenoic acid $(C_{22:6\omega3})$ did not show. In amino acid analysis, the rotifer fed on Erthrobacter sp, $S\;\pi-I$ showed more amino acid content comparing to those fed on other diets. Especially, arginine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, which are essential amino acid for fish growth, showed high contents. These results suggested that the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. $S\;\pi-I$ would be a beneficial microbial teed for the cultivation of rotifer.

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Development and Evaluation of Family Life Culture Education Program in Preparation for the Reunification of Korea aimed at Pre-Service Home Economics Teachers (예비 가정과교사를 위한 통일대비 가정생활문화교육 프로그램의 개발과 평가)

  • Lee, Yoon-Jung;Kim, Yookyung;Song, Jieun;An, Soon-Hee;Lee, Yonsuk;Lee, Yhe-Young;Lee, Hana;Lim, Jung Ha;Chung, Soon Hwa;Jung, Min-Young;Han, Youngsun
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.125-143
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    • 2017
  • This program aimed at preparing the pre-service teachers to teach about North Korean family life culture to secondary school students, by promoting the understanding and acceptance of cultural differences between the two Koreas. Based on the literature review, the educational contents were developed to reflect general aspects of North Korean family life. The program was implemented with 35 undergraduate students in a home economics teacher education program. The program consists of 15 units of 150-minute instructional sessions. The first three introductory sessions dealt with the definitions of family life culture and multiculturalism, as well as a historical review of South-North relationship. The following nine sessions were devoted to North Korean family life culture in five different domains: consumption and leisure, family and child-caring, food and dietary life, housing and neighborhood life, and clothing/fashion. During the final two weeks, pre-service teachers conducted mock-teaching. For evaluation, pre- and post-session scores on general teaching efficacy and understanding of cultural differences were compared using paired t-tests. The pre-/post-test results confirmed that the program was successful in promoting the understanding and acceptance of cultural differences between two Koreas of pre-service teachers.

Middle School Home Economics Teaching·Learning Course Plan Development of Unification Education (중학교 가정교과 통일교육 교수·학습 과정안 개발)

  • Yoon, Nam-Hee;Sohn, Sang-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.43-63
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the various contexts affecting life culture through practical reasoning process and to select the goal and contents system of unification education in middle school home economics to form healthy unification community and to develop teaching and learning process. Based on the Unification Education Guidelines, Unification Education Pre-Study, Pre-Study on North Korean Defectors, and Analysis of the 2015 Revision Home Economics Curriculum in Korea, Goal and content system. Based on this, we developed a teaching and learning process and a student activity place applying practical reasoning process after extracting practical problems, and prepared a final development plan based on the results of two expert group evaluations. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the goal of unification education in the middle school home economics class is to 'Based on the social-cultural context, we develop the ability to cultivate healthy reunification by respecting the differences between the cultures of the two Koreas and discovering common values in a unified society and resolving practical issues in a unified society.'. Second, the content system of middle school home economics unification education was selected as the core theme of 'Unification Education Focused on the Living Culture'. The content elements were comprehending the socio - cultural context that affects the life culture of the two Koreas, Related language, maintenance of diversity of dietary culture in each region including North Korean food, social norms and attire, correct housing value and common living etiquette. Based on the goals of unification education in the middle school home school curriculum, we selected practical issues as 'What should we do to create a healthy unified community?'. Third, the teaching and learning process of unification education in junior high school home economics education is to recognize the problem of unification, to analyze the factors affecting the life culture of the two Koreas, to grasp the effect of the action and the ripple effects, to select alternative methods, And 4 subjects for 8 teaching learning course plan, and 35 teaching materials.

Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation through G1 Arrest by Extract of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes (산두근 추출물의 세포주기 정지를 통한 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 분화 억제)

  • Jeong, Hyun-Young;Hyun, Sook-Kyung;Choi, Yung-Hyun;Kim, Byung-Woo;Kwon, Hyun-Ju
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.1346-1353
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    • 2011
  • Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in oriental regions since ancient times. In this study, the effect and mechanism of the MeOH extract of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep (STME) on adipocite differentiation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocites were investigated. Treatment with STME in the concentration range of 0-200 ${\mu}g$/ml significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocites in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by a decrease in intracellular lipid droplets and lipid contents measured by Oil Red O staining. In association with the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation, the expressions of the proteins concerned with adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocites were also investigated. Treatment with STME reduced the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ (PPAR${\gamma}$), cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ (C/EBP${\alpha}$ and C/EBP${\beta}$) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), which are adipocyte specific markers. In flow cytometry analysis, the inhibitory effect of differentiation was caused by G1 arrest and following mitotic clonal expansion cease. Therefore, we also investigated the alteration of G1 phase arrest-related proteins. As a result, the expression of p21 protein was significantly increased, while the expressions of Cdk2, E2F-1 and phospho-Rb were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in STME treated 3T3-L1 cells. According to these results, STME might inhibit differentiation through G1 arrest in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes adipogenesis, and further studies, which are in progress, have to be completed to identify the active compounds.

In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Mentha viridis L. and Mentha piperita L. (박하의 in vitro 항산화활성)

  • Lee, Seung-Eun;Han, Hee-Sun;Jang, In-Bok;Kim, Geum-Soog;Shin, Yu-Su;Son, Yeong-Deck;Park, Chung-Berm;Seong, Nak-Sul
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.255-260
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    • 2005
  • For selecting a new candidate as functional material, this study was conducted on in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenol content of methanol and water extracts prepared from two Mentha species (M viridis L. (M spicata L.) and Mentha piperita L, Extracts of M. viridis showed more efficient scavenging activity on superoxide and DPPH ${({\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl)}$ radical and inhibitory activity on oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by $CuSO_4$ and auto-oxidation of linoleic acid than those of M piprita. Methanol extract $(65.88%{\sim}77.59%)$ and water extract $(37.69%{\sim}87.21%)$ of M. viridis also exhibited more potent inhibitory activity on LDL oxidation than that of ${{\alpha}-tocopherol\;(28.37%{\sim}66.54%)}$ at ${1{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/ml}$ of final concentration. The total phenol contents of methanol extract and water extract of Mviridis (17.95% & 10.18%, respectively) as tannic acid equivalent were higher than those of M piperita (15.44% & 9.19%). But the yields of methanol and water extracts of M. viridis (13.3 % & 13.5%) were lower than those of M. piperita (14.1 % & 14.6%). The results implies that the extracts from M. viridis (spicata) is more useful material for industrialization as functional food than those from M. piperita.

The development of Home Economics Education program for the prevention of school violence in middle school : Based on the Practical Action Teaching Model (학교폭력 예방을 위한 중학교 가정과 교육 프로그램 개발 - 실천적 행동 수업 모형을 적용하여 -)

  • Son, Joo Young;Chae, Jung-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.103-128
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a school violence prevention program featuring the Practical Action Teaching Model(hereafter, PATM) for middle school students to prevent school violence by Home Economics Education. To accomplish this purpose, the processes of analysis, design, development, and evaluation based on ADDIE were conducted. The validity of the program was evaluated twice by Home Economics education experts(36 experts for the first group and 10 experts for the second group) and the contents of the program were modified according to the comments from the evaluators. The school violence prevention program in Home Economics classes consisted of 5 topics such as changing perception on school violence, enhancing self-esteem, relating with others, practicing consideration and sharing, and strengthening the will of preventing school violence. Twenty-four units were developed with 7 practical problems(What should I do to make friends to help with each other?, What should I do to establish positive self-concept?, What should I do to communicate to build good relationship?, What should I do to solve the conflicts peacefully?, What should I do to practice consideration and sharing in food consumption?, and What should I do to practice consideration and sharing in clothing?) in 5 topic areas. Teaching-learning plans included four steps such as problem perception, practical reasoning, action, and evaluation that comprise PATM to solve the practical problems. Every step of the teaching-learning plan consisted of questions for practical reasoning and activity assignments. Materials for students and teachers were developed. Materials for students comprised 80 pieces in total including student activity, reading, movie, and clips to make students enhance understanding and interest. Materials for teachers comprised 35 pieces in total such as rationales, newspaper articles, and movies that make teachers that lesson teaching loads and were helpful for teachers. The PATM was incorporated into developing the program and a Likert-scale was used to assess usefulness, applicability, appropriateness, fidelity, substantiality, and validity of this program. This program gained more than 4.00 on a 1-5 Likert scale. This result indicated that program is expected to be effective and useful to school violence prevention.

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