• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.79-110
• /
• 2001

Tourist Destination is based on tourism attractions. Components of Tourism attraction are included tourism resources, entertainment facilities, transportation, accommodation, infrastructure, assistance facilities & service, hospitality, information facilities & service, and retailing & service. Tourism resources of them is the key to determine destination development pattern, because tourism attraction that attract tourists is based on tourism resources. Therefore, there are need to study what is tourism attraction of destination at the view of tourists and what is destination development pattern based on it to develop tourism attraction that is able appeal tourists. The purpose of this study is to examine what effect of tourism attraction affects destination development pattern. This study defined Haeundae, Kwanganri, Songjung, Taejongdae in Pusan, Korea as research areas. Research data were collected from 300 respondents by a simple random sampling method. A final 284 usable questionaries were used for empirical analysis after data purification process. Reliability and validity of the scale on the tourism attraction, destination image, and facility needs have been evaluated using Cronbach $\alpha$, item-total correlations. This study analyzed the factors of the tourism attraction and destination images. The result obtained that tourism attraction is divided relaxation attraction, local activity attraction, culture . nature attraction and touring circuit attraction, and destination image is divided culture . urban attractiveness, touring attractiveness, local . stay attractiveness, convenience of travel and relativeness for destination investigated. ANOVA and regression (stepwise) were used to test hypotheses. Based on the results of hypotheses testing, major findings of the empirical research are as follow : 1. The tourism attraction and destination image are significantly different, but facility needs are not significantly by destinations (e. g. Haeundae, Kwanganri, Songjung, Taejongdae) . 2. Destination development pattern is a(fact by the tourism attraction in partial. In case of Haeundea, relaxation attraction take effect partially spa, history and marine/spa tourism. 3. The destination development pattern is influenced by the destination image in partial. In case of Kwanganri, the natural . activity attractiveness and urban tourism images have been found as influential factors that affect marine tourism. 4. The destination images are influenced the physical attributes in literature review, but the destination image are taken effect partially the tourism attraction in this study. 5. Destination development pattern are influenced by the tourism attraction and the destination image partially. This research has provided a variety of practical suggestions. Especially, it was suggested that the destination have appeal to tourists by strengthening attraction and improving weakness. Also, we need to specialize destination in same destination development pattern.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2014

Purpose - Franchise industries are significant both socially and economically. However, with increasing interest, there are manifold problems. It is necessary to seek measures for mature operation constantly despite unprepared franchisors, negative perceptions of the media and society toward franchise, and rapid changes in business start-up trends and propensity to consume that make business start-ups difficult. The paper aims to explain the effects of relational commitment and performance on the franchisor's management characteristics and justice in the food service franchise system. Research design, data, and methodology - This is an exploratory survey examining franchising in Korea. Based on a literature synthesis, we extract five constructs: managerial characteristics, support, fairness, trust, and satisfaction. We hypothesize that these factors influence the trust, satisfaction, and performance of franchisees. To examine these hypotheses empirically, we conducted a survey on the database of the Franchising Council of Korea. The study employs data from May to September 2014. In total, 135 completed questionnaires were received, of which 128 were usable. The data was analyzed with SPSS/PC 22.0. First, to test unidimensionality and nomological validity of the measures of each construct, we employed a scale refinement procedure. The result of a reliability test with Cronbach's α and factor analysis warranted unidimensionality of the measures for each construct. In addition, nomological validity of the measures was warranted from the result of the correlation and regression analysis. By analyzing the data, we can confirm most hypotheses. Results - Frist, franchisor characteristics have a positive effect on trust and satisfaction. Second, franchisor fairness has an effect on trust and satisfaction. Third, franchisor support has an effect on satisfaction. Further, the franchisee trust has an effect on satisfaction. Fourth, the satisfaction of a franchisee with a franchisor affects the performance of a franchisee. Finally, there is a possibility that not only franchisee performance but also increasing the credibility and improving the image of the franchisor through communication between franchisor and franchisee can improve franchisees' performance and satisfaction by motivating the franchisee for sustainable growth. Franchisers should endeavor for franchisees to obtain stable revenue with continuous and practical support. They should recognize that they can expand their business by supporting their franchisees. Franchisors should not only instantly respond to franchisees' troubles with interactive communications but also raise the ability of supervisors for better support. Franchisors should share their visions and goals with their franchisees and provide systematic and continuous support based on trust and clear company management. Franchisees should understand franchisors' position as well as participate in establishing the basic franchise system. Contributions - The paper contributes to understanding franchising in Korea. It offers insights and assistance to franchisors hoping to start franchises. This paper explores measurement issues related to franchisee performance by estimating its determinant factors (managerial characteristics, support, fairness, trust, and satisfaction). This study provides franchisors and practitioners planning to extend their franchising business with some practical knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.113-131
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study is to identify the existence, personal characteristics and behavior of market-participants, and function of urban weekly markets in Taegu City through observation, interview and questionnaire survey. There are four weekly periodic markets such as Seongso(Monday), Chilgok(Wednesday), Siji(Thursday), and Chilgok(Friday) which have recently developed near the new apartment areas on the outskirts of Taegu. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: These markets originated from the agricultural cooperative's Friday markets, but were substantially established by mobile traders or merchants for the sake of their livelihood. Therefore, the existence of these markets is not explained by Stine's central place perspective but partially explained by Hay's economic locational and Bromley's socio-cultural perspective. Most traders are male, aged 30 to 40 years and have an educational level higher than high school. Most of them are living in Taegu and itinerantly visit more than two markets among the four markets by small truck. And most of them sell agricultural products and other food materials, except some who sell manufactured goods. Most consumers are housewives, aged 20 to 30 years and have an educational level higher than high school. Most of them are living within 1,000m and go there on foot. Most of them visit the markets around 3 to 5 p.m. on every market day. And they mostly buy vegetables, fruits, and fishes. Weekly markets provide employment opportunities for those who want to be merchants, and also contribute to the increase of farmers' income, because some traders(18.8%) are farmers who periodically visit markets to sell agricultural products. On the other hand, they function as a general food materials markets to neighboring residents. From these facts, both traders and consumers want weekly markets sustained. Therefore, these markets need to be protected by institutional assistance in spite of being informal markets.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.23-40
• /
• 2019

The main purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the problems of the law systems of the safety and maintenance of nuclear facilities and to propose the improvements with respect to the related problems especialy focused on safety management of aquatic products. Therefore, the results of the paper would be helpful to build an effective management law system of safety and maintenance of nuclear facilities and fisheries products. The research methods are longitudinal and horizontal studies. This study compares domestic policies with foreign policies of nuclear plants and aquatic products. Using the above methods, examining the current system of nuclear-related laws and regulations, we have found that there exist 13 Acts including "Nuclear Safety Act", etc. Safety laws related on nuclear facilities have seven Acts including "Nuclear Safety Act", "the Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency", "Radioactive waste control Act", "Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in the Natural Environment", "Special Act on Assistance to the locations of facilities for disposal low and intermediate level radioactive waste", "Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety Act". "Act on Establishment and Operation of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission". The seven laws are composed of 119 legislations. They have 112 lower statute of eight Presidential Decrees, six Primeministrial Decrees and Ministrial Decrees, 92 administrative rules (orders), 6 legislations of local self-government aself-governing body. The concluded proposals of this paper are as follows. Firstly, we propose that the relationship between the special law and general law should be re-established. Secondly, the terms with respect to law system of safety and maintenance of nuclear plants should be redefined and specified. Thirdly, it is advisable to re-examine and re-establish the Law System for Safety and Maintenance of Nuclear Facilities. and environmental rights like the French Nuclear Safety Legislation. Lastly, inadequate legislation on the aquatic pollution damage should be re-established. It is necessary to ensure sufficient transparency as well as environmental considerations in the policy decisions of the Korean government and legislation of the National Assembly. It is necessary to further study the possibilities of accepting the implications of the French legal system as a legal system in Korea. In conclusion, the safety management of nuclear facilities is not only focused on the secondary industry and the tertiary industry centering on power generation and supply, but also on the primary industry, which is the food of the people. It is necessary to prevent damage to be foreseen. Therefore, it is judged that there should be no harm to the people caused by contaminated marine products even if the "Food Safety Law for Prevention of Radiation Pollution Damage" is enacted.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.527-541
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the economic hardship experiences of low-income single-parent families by COVID-19 to find ways to improve after COVID-19. To this end, 10 single parents with children under the secondary school age were recruited through snowball sampling method and in-depth interviews with economic activities, income, expenditure, and economic life. As a result of the study, participants suffered from unemployment and the disappearance of extra income activities in the early stages of COVID-19, additional expenses incurred by children's food and increased utility bills. In addition, it was recognized that COVID-19 has come to be more difficult and unequal to single-parent families of low-income women. It was found that the temporary living difficulties were resolved with disaster support funds, and it was helpful in the short term by spending according to priorities such as overdue monthly rent, food expenses, children's academy expenses, and purchasing home appliances. However, it was recognized that disaster support funds were inappropriate for customized disaster support and long-term and selective support was necessary. In the conclusion, to improve economic problems after COVID-19, it proposed measures to improve social welfare policies and practices

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.358-365
• /
• 2011

Lespedeza cuneata G. Don is a plant commonly grown in Asian countries, which has been widely used as an oriental medicinal herb to treat diabetes, diarrhea and various other inflammatory diseases. The phenolics of dry leaves of L. cuneata G. Don were extracted by using 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol in assistance with homogenization and sonification. The phenolic extract and its five different fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) were used to evaluate the levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity as well as the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase activity. Ethyl acetate fraction (1 g) had the highest levels of total phenolics at 240.8 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE), total flavonoids as 90.4 mg catechin equivalents (CE) as well as antioxidant capacity at 523.4 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE) on ABTS assay and 329.5 mg VCE on DPPH assay among fractions. One g of water fraction contained total phenolics at 133.1 mg GAE, total flavonoids at 34.5 mg CE, and antioxidant capacity at 333.4 mg VCE for ABTS assay and 313.2 mg VCE for DPPH assay. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity of water fraction at 300 ${\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ was at 47.2% and 21.1% for L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as its substrate, respectively. On the other hand, ethyl acetate fraction at 300 ${\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ showed tyrosinase inhibition of 10.2% for L-tyrosine and 11.9% for L-DOPA. These results suggested that the phenolics from dry leaves of L. cuneata G. Don may be utilized as a potent source of antioxidants and skin whitening agents.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.147-159
• /
• 2021

After the 2020 Corona 19 pandemic, consumers' online consumption is increasing rapidly, and non-store online retail channels are showing high growth. In particular, social media is gaining its status as a social media market where direct transactions take place in the means of promoting companies' brands and products. In this study, changes in consumer behavior after the Corona 19 pandemic are different in choosing online shopping media such as existing online shopping malls and SNS markets that can be classified into open social media and closed social media when purchasing agri-food online. We tried to find out what type of product is preferred in the selection of agri-food products. For this study, demographic characteristics of consumers, perceived risk of consumers, and dietary lifestyle were set as independent variables to investigate the effect on online shopping media type and product selection. The summary of the empirical analysis results is as follows. When consumers purchase agri-food online, there are significant differences in demographic characteristics, consumer perception risks, and detailed factors of dietary lifestyle in selecting shopping channels such as online shopping malls, open social media, and closed social media. Appeared to be. The consumers who choose the open SNS market are higher in men than in women, with lower household income, and higher in consumers seeking health and taste. Consumers who choose the closed SNS market were analyzed as consumers who live in rural areas and have a high degree of risk perception for delivery. Consumers who choose existing online shopping malls have high educational background, high personal income, and high consumers seeking taste and economy. Through this study, we tried to provide practical assistance by providing a basis for judgment to farmers who have difficulty in selecting an online shopping medium suitable for their product characteristics. As a shopping channel for agri-food, social media is not a simple promotional channel, but a direct transaction. It can be differentiated from existing studies in that it is approached as a market that arises.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to analyze the anti-oxidant activity of green juice containing barley sprouts. The specimens used in the experiments were supplied byCSJ company located in Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk province. Polyphenol and flavonoid was detected in Huttuynia cordata Thunb fermentation sprout juiceat $1.075{\pm}0.174mg/mL$ and $2.736{\pm}0.187\;quercetin\;mg/mL$, in organic dandelion at $1.048{\pm}0.173mg/mL$ and $2.685{\pm}0.245\;quercetin\;mg/mL$, kan andRakat $1.013{\pm}0.083mg/mL$ and $3.624{\pm}0.237\;quercetin\;mg/mL$, broccoli blending juice at $1.494{\pm}0.255mg/mL$ and $3.826{\pm}0.286\;quercetin\;mg/mL$, and barley sprouts at $1.043{\pm}0.220mg/mL$ and $1.990{\pm}0.223\;quercetin\;mg/mL$, respectively.Antioxidant activity testing revealed the electron donating ability of Huttuynia cordata Thunb fermentation sprout juice for DPPH was 81.97%. Moreover, the free radical scavenging ability measured by ABTS assay showed that the activity was increased in the order of broccoli blending juice, Huttuynia cordata Thunb fermentation sprout juice, organic dandelion, 'kan andRak', barley sprout, and thatthe effects were similar to those of ascorbic acid at $100{\mu}g/mL$. Statistical processing is using SPSS 24, analysis of distributed layout and Duncan's multiple range (p<0.05). Therefore, the use of functional assistance material of products in the future indicates that it is worth a healthy functional drink.

• Journal of Consumption Culture
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.213-247
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic structures of low-income households, and to provide the policy suggestions for their economic well-being. The data for this study was from the 2009 year of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS). The results are as follows: As for income structure, the low-income households had lower amounts in earned income, business and side-work income, and property income, but a higher amount in transfer income. They had a lower amount in private transfer income, but a higher amount in public transfer income. They had the highest rate of transfer income, showing that the rate of public transfer income was higher than that of private transfer income, and the government assistance was the highest rate in public transfer income. The households in extreme poverty had the lowest amounts in earned income, financial income, private transfer income, but the highest amount in public transfer income. The households in poverty had the lowest amount in transfer income. The households in extreme poverty, poverty and near poverty showed the highest rate in transfer income. As for asset structure, the low-income households had a lower amount in every type of assets. They showed the highest rate in total debt, and had a higher rate in housing asset, but lower rates in real-estate asset, financial asset and other asset. The households in extreme poverty had a lower amount in every type of assets than the households in near poverty. Three types of the low-income households showed the highest rate in housing asset, but the households in extreme poverty was the highest among them. As for expenditure structure, the low-income households had lower amounts in all of the expenditure items. They showed the highest rate in food expenditure, the second highest in other consumption expenditure. The households in extreme poverty showed lower amounts in almost all of the expenditure items than the households in near poverty, but the households in extreme poverty showed a higher amount in monthly rent than the households in neat poverty. Three types of the low-income households showed the highest rate in food expenditure. The expenditure rates of food, monthly rent and light·heat·water for households in extreme poverty were higher than those for the households in near poverty.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.1201-1209
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and to evaluate its effects on serum cholesterol level. One-hundred-twenty bacterial colonies were initially isolated from human feces, and five strains were selected after screening based on their resistance to acids, tolerance against bile salts, and inhibitory activity on Escherichia coli. The Lactobacillus plantarum strain with the highest level of BSH activity was identified using 16S rRNA sequences, and was named L. plantarum CK 102. L. plantarum CK 102 at a level of 1.36$\times$10$^8$cfu/ml survived in pH 2 buffer for 6 h and exhibited excellent tolerance for bile salt. Coculturing the strain with E. coli in MRS broth resulted in strong inhibition against growth of E. coli at 18 h. Furthermore, the potential effect of CK 102 on serum cholesterol level was evaluated in rats. Thirty-two rats [Sprague-Dawley (SD) male, 129$\pm$l g, 5 weeks old] were divided into four groups of eight each. For six weeks, Group 1 was fed a normal diet (negative control); Group 2 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (positive control); Group 3 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet plus L. plantarum CK 102 at 1.0$\times$10$^7$cfu/ml; and Group 4 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet plus L. plantarum CK 102 at 5.0$\times$10$^7$cfu/ml. Blood samples were collected, serum lipids were analyzed, and weights of the organs were measured. Total blood cholesterol level, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and free-cholesterol values were lower in rats that were fed 1. plantarum CK 102 than in those not fed L. plantarum CK 102. This cholesterol lowering effect implies that L. plantarum CK 102 could be utilized as an additive for health-assistance foods. In conclusion, these results suggest that the 1. plantarum CK 102 isolated could be used commercially as a probiotic.