• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.14-28
• /
• 2015

Numerous research has been conducted using internet search data since the mid-2000s. For example, Google Inc. developed a service predicting influenza patterns using the internet search data. The main objective of this study is to prove the hypothesis that highway traffic indices are similar to the internet search patterns. In order to achieve this objective, a model to predict the number of vehicles entering the expressway and space-mean speed was developed and the goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed. The results revealed several findings. First, it was shown that the Google search traffic was a good predictor for the TCS entering traffic volume model at sites with frequent commute trips, and it had a negative correlation with the TCS entering traffic volume. Second, the Naver search traffic was utilized for the TCS entering traffic volume model at sites with numerous recreational trips, and it was positively correlated with the TCS entering traffic volume. Third, it was uncovered that the VDS speed had a negative relationship with the search traffic on the time series diagram. Lastly, it was concluded that the transfer function noise time series model showed the better goodness-of-fit compared to the other time series model. It is expected that "Big Data" from the internet search data can be extensively applied in the transportation field if the sources of search traffic, time difference and aggregation units are explored in the follow-up studies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.852-862
• /
• 2002

The purposes of this study were 1) to review the Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Act of the United States, 2) to introduce the efforts of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) to expand the Medicare coverage for MNT and 3) to provide information about the reimbursement under Medicare Part B for the cost of MNT. The MNT Act defined MNT services as “the nutritional diagnostic, therapeutic, and counseling services provided by a Registered Dietitian or nutritional professional for the purpose of managing diabetes or renal diseases”. Also, the MNT Act defined “conditions for coverage of MNT”, “limitations on coverage of MNT”, and “qualifications of MNT service provider”. To expand the coverage of Medicare to include MNT, the ADA realized the need for development of a protocol for MNT, as well as studies to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the MNT protocol developed. Therefore, the ADA supported the studies to develop a strong database of scientific investigations of nutritional services. Furthermore, the ADA needed credible data that could be used by Policy makers, so the ADA contracted with the Lewin Group to if out the study to gather the additional data needed to strengthen the ADA's position. In the report of the Lewin Group, which was entitled, “The Cost of Covering Medical Nutrition Therapy under Medicare : 1998 through 2004”, it was concluded, that if coverage for MNT in the Part B portion of Medicare had begun in 1998, by 2004, approximately $ 2.3 billion would have been saved through reduced hospital spending under Part A of Medicare ($ 1.2 billion) and reduced physician visits under Part B ($ 1.1 billion) Effective January 1 2002, the US Congress extended Medicare coverage to include MNT to beneficiaries with diabetes or renal diseases. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) established the duration and frequency for the MNT based on published reports or generally accepted protocols (for example, protocols suggested by the ADA). The number of hours covered by Medicare is 3 hours for the initial MNT and 2 hours for a follow-up MM. In 2002, a Medicare coverage policy was made to define the Physician's Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 97802, 97803, and 97804 for MNT.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2008

In a power-asymmetry relationship like franchise system, a high dependent franchisee must often rely on its powerful partner. Therefore, in order to build up 'win-win' systems, therefore channel members should increase trust and commitment each other to enhance the relationship quality to sustain long-term cooperative relationships. First of all, to increase the relationship quality in franchise system, franchisor should increase franchisee's perception of the powerful franchisor's justice. The point of this research, I established basic hypotheses and comparative hypotheses to examine franchisor's behavior what franchisee expected which influences on franchisee's attitude and behavior in power - asymmetry relationship in franchise system. For the purpose of the empirical testing, managers of franchisee in the food service industry of Korea had been selected and analyzed, and major findings in this study as follow: First, the relational norm between franchisor and franchisee increased both distributive justice and procedural justice, especially relational norm had more effect on procedural justice than distributive justice. Second, distributive justice increased both economic commitment and social commitment while procedural justice just increased social commitment only but economic commitment. So, on the relational commitment, distributive justice was more important element than procedural justice. On the other hand, procedural justice had indirect effect on economic commitment through distributive and social commitment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.388-396
• /
• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the differences in employment status and self assessed health in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 4 year follow-up data generated by the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS), which was conducted on 1,207 men and 582 women who had undergone a change in employment status. The study subjects were placed into 1 of the following 4 groups based on their employment history; Non-precarious workers, Precarious to non-precarious workers, Non-precarious to precarious workers and Precarious workers. Logistic regression was then used to examine the relationship between the changes in employment status and self assessed health. Results: When males were considered, self assessed health was better among the precarious to non-precarious workers (OR 1.58, 95% CI=1.57-1.60) and the precarious workers (OR 1.29, 95% CI=1.28-1.30) than in the non-precarious workers, after adjusting for age, socioeconomic status (education level, occupational class, marital status, average equivalent household income and average number of hours worked per week), health behavior (smoking, drinking and exercise) and medical service access (regular medical examination, have chronic disease or hospitalized within 1 year). When female workers were considered, the precarious to non-precarious workers (OR 1.89, 95% CI=1.86-1.92), non-precarious to precarious workers(OR 1.24, 95% CI=1.23-1.26) and precarious workers (OR 1.27, 95% CI=1.25-1.28) all reported poorer health than the non-precarious workers after adjusting for the aforementioned factors. Conclusions: This study showed that changes in employment status were associated with differences in self assessed health among men and women. Specifically, the results of this study showed that a corresponding positive outcome based on self assessed health was greater for employees that changed from precarious to non-precarious jobs and for male employees with precarious jobs., whereas female employees with non-precarious jobs had higher self assessed health. However, additional longitudinal studies on the health effects of employment status should be conducted.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.227-251
• /
• 2014

In this study, we explored the preliminary model of multicultural mathematics teacher education to foster mathematics teachers' multicultural competencies. For the purpose, we investigated the multicultural competency of mathematics teachers with a survey questionnaire. We also interviewed mathematics teachers to analyze mathematics teachers' need of teacher education for multicultural mathematics education. In addition to the survey and the interview, we conducted a review of literatures to identify the principles, goals, contents, and methods for multicultural mathematics teacher education. In this research, we have identified 4 principles for multicultural mathematics teacher education: mathematics as culture, respecting diversity and equity, and identity. Under the principles, we presented 6 educational goals of teacher education for multicultural mathematics education. We chose the contents and the methods to promote the multicultural competency of mathematics teachers suitable for educational situation of Korean school. We integrated the principles, goals, contents and methods to design multicultural mathematics teacher education program for in-service teachers. Finally, we discussed the features and benefits of the preliminary model based on situational analysis for multicultural mathematics teacher education. We proposed that follow-up study is necessary to investigate the effect of the model for the future development of multicultural mathematics teacher education model.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.80-89
• /
• 2014

This study examined the nutritional components and physicochemical properties of small colored potatoes and small regular potatoes as a natural health food source. To accomplish this, the general and antioxidative contents of small colored potatoes and small regular potatoes were measured. Total contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were 88.1%, 4.9%, 0.9%, and 6.4%, respectively. Small colored potatoes contained 76.5 kcal, while their total dietary fiber was 4.0%. Total proteins consisted of 17 different kinds of amino acids. Regarding their mineral contents, K was the most abundant mineral, followed by P, Mg, and Ca. Total phenol contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts of small colored potatoes were $48.2{\pm}1.2$ mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts were $13.1{\pm}0.3$ mg RE/g. Overall, small colored potatoes had higher amounts of nutrients and physicochemical properties than small regular potatoes. The general nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in small colored potatoes were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that follow up studies of small colored potatoes through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of functional foods.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.78 no.4
• /
• pp.349-355
• /
• 2015

Background: The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the standard tool to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in mass screening. The aim of this study is to find an optimal cut-off point of the TST+ rate within tuberculosis (TB) contacts to predict the active TB development among adolescents in school TB outbreaks. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Review and Assessment database was used to identify active TB development in relation to the initial TST (cut-off, 10 mm). The 7,475 contacts in 89 schools were divided into two groups: Incident TB group (43 schools) and no incident TB group (46 schools). LTBI treatment was initiated in 607 of the 1,761 TST+ contacts. The association with active TB progression was examined at different cut-off points of the TST+ rate. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was $3.9{\pm}0.9years$. Thirty-three contacts developed active TB during the 4,504 person-years among the TST+ contacts without LTBI treatment (n=1,154). The average TST+ rate for the incident TB group (n=43) and no incident TB group (n=46) were 31.0% and 15.5%, respectively. The TST+ rate per group was related with TB progression (odds ratio [OR], 1.025; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.050; p=0.037). Based on the TST+ rate per group, active TB was best predicted at TST+ ${\geq}$ 16% (OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.29-7.51; area under curve, 0.64). Conclusion: Sixteen percent of the TST+ rate per group within the same grade students can be suggested as an optimal cut-off to predict active TB development in middle and high schools TB outbreaks.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.89-106
• /
• 1983

After accepting the modernized western culture, we, the Koreans, had traditionally patriarchal valuation on the family life, which has been changed into modernize on in these days. Under these circumstances, we examined into family consciousness of workmen, office workers and student of universities in Pusan with questioning papers by inquiring their general views of family, marriage, family planning , and inheritance. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1. General views of family 1)Most of them prefer nuclear family to gross one in structure of family. In decision of family's affairs, the lower educated persons want an unilateral relationship, which means unconditional obdience to their parent's opinion. they are more concerned about the profit of the family than that of individual. on the other hand, they want 2-generations nuclear family system. 2) Concerning children's future affairs, they want compromising method. 2. Views of Marriage 1) Date with the other sex motivated their desire to improve social adaptation and social association. 17-19 year old students regard date as a preparatory stage of marriage. They consider it most desirable date to enjoy free conversation each other. They hope their date partners are high educated. 2) The conditions of mate selection are in order character, health, vitality in living, appearance and education. The less educated placed an emphasis on vitality in living. 3) They are not much interested in marital harmony. If parents are against their marriage an account of bad marital harmony, they will take into consideration about it. 4) They wish to keep purity before marriage, as possible. They want engagement period of 6 months. Any agreeable reasons shall compel them to break off their appointment. 5) they consider it ideal for mate's age to be 26-30 years old, and also think it affirmative to follow their parent's agreement in marriage. It is considerable that they put off their marriage only because they have lots of work to do before marriage. 6)Marriage declaration is to be made on the wedding day. It still exists that they don't want to marry when they are inth same surname and family tree. But it is clear that they don't regard it as the reason of breaking off the betrothal. 3. Family Planning 1) They are willing to agree to the campaign "just two is enough". They want a son and a daughter. Even though they have two daughters, they won's bear child to get son. 2) the lower educated persons are ignorant of the method of birth control. 4. Inheritance 1)Most of them say householder inheritance is to be kept up continuously. It is reasonable that anyone who can afford to perform religious service should bear it responsibility. 2)They don't want the difference in inheritance as the conscious to the conscious of the equality of the sexes spread widely into our society, but it is worthy of notice that some of them still don't mind unequal treatment. 3) When they have no child, the property inheritances are in order his wife and his parents. According to above mentions, we conclude like this: Their consciousness of marital harmony, marriage, family planning and inheritance shows definitely passive rationism in the transitional stage which is mixed with western individualism and traditional feudalism. On account of being lack of steady fast self-conscience, they can not make their positive reaction on anything. Finally, we should make every possible efforts to have our firm self-conscience through the re-education.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The present study examines the domestic trend of Osteoporosis studies in Korea. Method : We reviewed oriental medicine papers published in last ten years (2003-2012). Korean literature search was used for domestic Internet search portal. 'Naver specialized information retrieval', 'Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal', 'Korea Medical Information Portal (OASIS)',' Scientific and Technological Information Integration Services (NDSL)',' Academic Research Information Service (RISS)'as the primary destination of the search were. Since 2003 until 2012, the thesis o'f osteoporosis'and found 92 papers with the search term '(golwi)' to the search terms found in 3 papers Korean medical target of on going research trends in osteoporosis about investigated. Results : 1. We researched 95 papers in 15 journals and patterns of study were as follows : experimental studies were 79(83%), clinical studies were 12(13%), reviewed studies were 3(3%) and etc. were 1(1%). 2. The experimental studies(79) were divided into papers on efficiency testing of herbal medications(67) and herbal acupuncture(12). 3. The clinical studies(12) showed that research has been carried out in the fields of follow up surveys for the herbal medication efficiency testing, basic research, case report, the relativity of osteoporosis to age and sex, and the perception about osteoporosis and korean medicine treatment. 4. The reviewed studies showed that research has been carried out in the fields of osteoporosis about acient literature and domestic studies about herbal medication of osteoporosis. Conclusion : Reviewing the domestic trend of Osteoporosis studies and examining the strong and weak points of those treatments are essential for the future studies. It is anticipated that this review benefits the future in-depth study on the treatments for osteoporosis in Korean medicine.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2018

Research on the establishment of new governance aimed at efficient policy planning and the implementation thereof by the government has been conducted in response to social changes. Nonetheless, governance is comprehensive and encompasses different meanings; it takes various forms in the process of its actual application. Therefore, systematic classification of research on governance and analysis on its research trend are required. Accordingly, three researchers who majored in policy sciences, business informatics, and library and information science, respectively, searched for theses related to governance published since 2016 from Research Information Sharing Service and conducted a social network analysis (SNA) on them. According to their research results, the main research topics were largely classified into collaborative governance and local governance. Keywords throughout the topics included network, participation, conflict, and trust in line with the characteristics of governance. Representative subjects of governance included education, urban regeneration, and the environment. Further, measurement of betweenness centrality showed local governance was a main topic for convergent research. This study will lead to a greater understanding of research on governance and help activate such research. One limitation of this study is that it analyzed only theses with the keywords but not all theses on governance. Follow-up research should analyze all theses on governance and statistically verify them with SNA indexes.