• International Journal of Railway
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2011

High-speed rail study needs to focus on passenger movements as a key element of the planning process. A particular challenge is obtaining comprehensive information on high-speed rail passenger movements. A national preference stated survey was conducted from October to November of 2011 to meet this challenge through direct personal interviews of travelers between Seoul and Busan (the so called Kyung-Bu corridor). Over 40 interviewers were hired and trained to conduct personal interviews at several stations along locations within Kyung-Bu Seoul and Busan corridor. A total of 4,550 travelers were interviewed, furnishing an extensive database on high-speed rail passenger movements. The methodology and procedure employed to collect the national data for Korean high-speed train KTX are described. Specific issues investigated include survey design, questionnaire and strategy. Lessons learned from the high-speed rail passenger movement study provide insights for other countries contemplating similar high-speed rail studies.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.47-63
• /
• 2018

Government R&D grants for SMEs have risen to three trillion Korean won a year, placing Korea second among OECD nations. Indeed, analysis results have revealed that government support has not only expanded corporate R&D investment and the registration of intellectual property rights but has also increased investment in tangible and human assets and marketing. However, value added, sales and operating profit have lacked improvement owing to an ineffective recipient selection system that relies solely on qualitative assessments by technology experts. Nevertheless, if a predictive model is properly applied to the system, the causal effect on value added could increase by more than two fold. Accordingly, it is important to focus on economic performance rather than technical achievements to develop such a model.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2021

Clinical trials have demonstrated that an increased number of effector cells, especially tumor-specific T cells, is positively linked with patients' prognosis. Although the discovery of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has led to encouraging progress in cancer immunotherapy, the lack of either T cells or targets for CPIs is a limitation for patients with poor prognosis. Since interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 are cytokines that target many aspects of T-cell responses, they have been used to treat cancers. In this review, we focus on the basic biology of how these cytokines regulate T-cell response and on the clinical trials using the cytokines against cancer. Further, we introduce several recent studies that aim to improve cytokines' biological activities and find the strategy for combination with other therapeutics.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.1538-1552
• /
• 2021

Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples generated by adding a deliberately designed perturbation to a benign sample. Particularly, for automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, a benign audio which sounds normal could be decoded as a harmful command due to potential adversarial attacks. In this paper, we focus on the countermeasures against audio adversarial examples. By analyzing the characteristics of ASR systems, we find that frame offsets with silence clip appended at the beginning of an audio can degenerate adversarial perturbations to normal noise. For various scenarios, we exploit frame offsets by different strategies such as defending, detecting and hybrid strategy. Compared with the previous methods, our proposed method can defense audio adversarial example in a simpler, more generic and efficient way. Evaluated on three state-of-the-arts adversarial attacks against different ASR systems respectively, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the robustness of ASR systems.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2022

The financial MyData service has implemented in January 2022 and launched 45 services by banks, securities, credit cards and fintech companies. This study applied the Q methodology, to identify the user types of MyData services and compared the perceptions of employees of financial institutions who plan and develop the MyData services. There are three types of MyData service users: active users, limited users who focus on consumption and asset status inquiry, and sensitive users for personal information. There were two types of recognition of financial company employees. One is the active user support other is the sensitive user for personal information support. The analysis of subjective perceptions can be used as a reference for establishing a company's MyData service marketing strategy and establishing related policies to improve the MyData ecosystem.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 2022

Given the importance of SMEs in the Korean economy, research of the performance of SMEs is more necessary than ever. Therefore, this study aims to empirically analyze the factors influencing management performance for early-stage international startups in Korea. To do that, this study empirically analyzes the nine firm capabilities' (global mind, export infra, manpower internationality, funding, communicating, marketing, cooperating, competitiveness and reflecting) influence on the two business performances (fulfillment satisfaction and export). This study used SPSS of frequency, factor, reliability, correlation, and stepwise regression analysis with the GCL test data approved by the DSZ of Kdata. As results show, competitiveness, cooperating, and reflating capability positively influence fulfillment satisfaction. And manpower internationality and cooperating capability positively affect export. Based on this study result, implications for management and academic contribution and future study are suggested.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.1216-1222
• /
• 2005

A shortage of construction field workers has been a serious problem, both in the developed and in the developing countries. As a solution for conquering this problem, these countries import foreign laborers from nearby less-developed countries. While this contributes to lessening the labor deficiency, foreign workers are relatively inefficient in productivity and are often exposed to the cross-cultural risks due to cultural differences, communication difficulties, different work ethics and customs, etc. Despite these facts, construction firms do not well address these issues and are lagged in establishing an appropriate management strategy against it. This paper presents a practical management plan for foreign construction workers through Focus Group Interviews (FGI) and survey investigation. On this basis, this study examines the level of awareness and important managerial aspects of the issue of foreign laborers. Finally, it suggests a cross-cultural and ready-to-use practical human resource management plan for facilitating the foreign worker's productivity.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.947-951
• /
• 2005

This paper studies the economic development situation of eastern, central, and western regions in China, and the functions of Chinese universities, which include education, research and contribution to the society. A new Chinese innovation system has been emerging in forms of university-run enterprise. The commitment of Chinese government to further introduction of a market economy has been elaborated with a focus on the relations between university and industry. A new regional development scheme by using of the functions of university is considered as the effective strategy to promote economic development of China in this stage.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.3-30
• /
• 2010

The focus of this paper is the determines of asymmetric cooperation between the European Union(and EC) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK). By analyzing the varying degree of cooperation and conflict by the EU and the DPRK, it argues that the outcomes of the asymmetric cooperation and conflict can be fully explained by the domestic and international variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 1994

Grinding is considered as a very effective machining technology to attain high production rates and a good surface quality of hard and brittle components. However, the grinding operations till needs the skill and the experience of an operator because of a lack of scientific knowledge and engineering principles. This is the reason why grinding operations are not completley intergrated in CIMS(Computer Intergrated Manufacturing System. Recent develop- ment focus on expert system which deals with domain specific knowledge in order to solve this problem. Firstly, in this study, a basic strategy to develop the grinding knowledge-base for grinding is discussed. Next, the architecture of knowledge-base and management of the grinding knowledge-base(GKB) is described.