• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.531-537
• /
• 2014

Terrestrial vegetation has been known as a main source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Isoprene and monoterpene among the BVOCs are most abundant species emitted by forests, and have a significant impact on atmospheric chemistry. Abundancy of these species could lead to an increase or decrease in the production of natural tropospheric ozone in forests, depending on the nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Soil is the most significant source of natural NO. Understanding of NO emission from forest soil could be critical in evaluation of air quality in the forest area. Flux-gradient similarity theory (FGST) was applied for practical use to estimate forest soil NO emission at Mt. Taewha where is available micro-meteorological data near surface monitoring from flux tower. NO fluxes calculated by FGST were compared to flux results by flow-through dynamic chamber (FDC) measurement. Surface NO emission trends were shown between two different techniques, however their magnitudes were found to be different. NO emissions measured from FDC technique were relatively higher than those from theoretical results. Daily mean NO emissions resulted from FGST during Aug. 13, 14 and 15 were $0.28{\pm}8.45$, $2.17{\pm}15.55$, and $-3.18{\pm}13.65{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$, respectively, while results from FDC were $2.26{\pm}1.44$, $5.11{\pm}3.85$, and $2.23{\pm}6.45{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$. Trends of daily means were shown in similar pattern, which NO emissions were increasing during late afternoon ($r^2$=0.04). These emission trends could be because soil temperature and moisture influence importantly soil microbiology.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2003

A numerical calculation was conducted to estimate and to elucidate the role of the radiative heat flux from metal particles(Al, $Al_2O_3$) on the dynamic extinction of solid propellant rocket where the rapid depressurization took place. Anon-linear flame modeling implemented by the residence time modeling for metalized propellant was adopted to evaluate conductive heat flux to the propellant surface. The radiative heat feed back was calculated with the aid of a modified comvustion-flow model as well. The calculation results with the propellant of AP:Al:CTPB=76:10:14 had revealed that the radiative heat flux is approximately 5~6% of total flux at the critical depressurization rate regardless of chamber geometry (open or confined chamber). It was also found that the dynamic extinction in open geometry could be predicted at the depressurization rate about 45% larger with radiative heat feedback than without radiation. Thus, it should be claimed that even a small amount of radiative flux 5~6% could produce a big error in predicting the critical depressurization rate of the metalized propellant combustion.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.291-294
• /
• 2012

The research and development status of combustion chamber of liquid rocjet engine for Korea Space Launch Vehicle(KSLV-II) are briefly described. The cold and hot firing tests of uni-element injector, the performance/heat flux measurement/hot firing tests of subscale combustion chamber and the performance/stability rating/regenerative cooling/hot fire tests of 30ton-class combustion chamber were successfully performed. Based on these results, the research and development of combustion chamber for 75ton-class liquid rocket engine are underway.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 1998

This paper is going to show the way we can sample the landfill gases flowing out to the air through final cover soil by using an closed chamber in the field for a short time. In addition, we came to the following results through the application of model with actual measurements. 1) Analyzing changes of concentration in the chamber(H: 10-30cm) every 5 minutes, considering analysis time of gas chromatograph for an half hour. 2) The proportion of $CE_4$to $CO_2$changes rapidly near the surface of final cover soil by the influence of methane oxidation reaction. 3) When flux of landfill gas is F=$10^{-5}$mol/$\textrm{m}^2$.s), methane oxidation reaction has an influence on composition of gases, however there is little influence when F=$10^{-6}$ mol/($\textrm{m}^2$.s).

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2004

A design of regenerative cooling system of 30 ton level thrust combustion chamber for ground test has been performed. The 1-D design code has been validated by comparing with the heat flux of the NAL calorimeter for high chamber pressure and water-cooling performance of the ECC engine of MOBIS. The present design code has been confirmed to predict accurately the heat flux and water-cooling performance for high chamber pressure condition. The maximum hot-gas-side wall temperature is predicted to be about 720 K without thermal barrier coating and the coolant-side wall temperature is less than the coking temperature of RP-1. The coolant temperature rises nearly 100 K with thermal barrier coating when Jet-A1 is used as coolant.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2007

Numerical analysis is carried out for combined heat transfer in an indirected NIR(Near Infrared Ray) heating chamber. Reynolds number and shapes of absorbed cylinder are known as important parameters on the combined heat transfer effects. Reynolds number based on the outer diameter of the cylinder is varied from $10^3$ to $3{\times}10^5$. Four difference heat transfer regimes are observed: forced convection and radiative heat transfer on the outer surface of the cylinder, pure conduction in the cylinder body, pure natural convection and radiation between lamp surface and inner surface of the cylinder, and radiation from the lamp. Flow and temperature characteristics are presented with iso-contour lines for the absorbed circular and elliptic cylinders to compare their differences. The convective and radiative heat transfer fluxes are also compared with different Reynolds numbers. As usual, Reynolds number is an important factor to estimate increasing convective heat transfer as it increases. The shape of absorbed cylinder results overall heat transfer rates remain unchanged.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.11
• /
• pp.3046-3056
• /
• 1994

To design and develop a turbocharged engine, it needs that many studies must be preceded about the characteristics of engine performance and thermal flow. To accomplish this purpose, turbocharger was equipped to 1.3 liter naturally aspirated gasoline engine. The temperature probe of plate type was designed and it was installed into the combustion chamber wall to measure unsteady temperature. The unsteady heat flux at combustion chamber wall was evaluated using one dimensional unsteady conduction equation with the wall temperature and temperature gradient.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.1466-1474
• /
• 1997

In order to design and develop a spark ignition engine, many studies must be preceded about the characteristics of thermal flow. For measurement of transient wall temperature thin film thermocouples of Bendersky type were manufactured and these probes were fixed into the wall of combustion chamber. Surface wall temperatures were measured in experiments of various engine speeds. Transient heat fluxes were calculated from the wall temperature measurements. Pressure was measured from combustion chamber using pressure transducer and gas temperatures were calculated using the state equation of ideal gas. And instantaneous heat transfer coefficients were obtained. It will be the basic data for the formulae of instantaneous heat transfer coefficients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.262-265
• /
• 2003

This Study is focused on the instrumenting Hybrid Rocket Motor of ACPL at Konkuk University and researching combustion instability by measuring regression rate versus oxidizer mass flux. In the result of experiment, test fire was moderate and we could acquire data of pressure, thrust, and temperature of combustion chamber. In the future, studying unsteady change of regression rate and pressure characteristic analysis of combustion chamber through hundreds of experiments should be performed. furthermore, researching characteristic velocity by taking a measurement of combustion temperature will be inevitable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2014.02a
• /
• pp.152-152
• /
• 2014

최근 반도체의 고집적화로 high dose implant 도입과 소자의 동작 특성 향상을 위한 low-k 물질 도입에 따라 다양한 주변 공정의 변화를 이끌고 있다. 이에 따라 반도체 제조의 핵심 공정 단계 중 하나인 ashing 단계에서 기존 성능 이상의 장비를 기대하고 있으며, 그것을 평가하기 위한 중요 요소로 uniformity와 fast stripping이 있다. 본 연구에서는 유체해석 시뮬레이션을 통해 450 mm ashing 챔버에서의 gas inlet baffle과 wafer stage 사이의 최적 거리를 예측했다. 우선적으로 시뮬레이션의 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 실험으로 측정한 300 mm ashing 결과와 유체해석 결과 molecular flux의 상관관계를 파악하여, 450 mm ashing 챔버의 최적 구조를 예측하였다. 선행 연구한 300 mm 시뮬레이션 결과를 바탕으로 이상적인 450 mm ashing 챔버를 설계하였다. 유체해석 결과는 동일한 형태의 수직형 구조 장비에서 baffle과 wafer stage 사이의 거리가 35 mm에서 60 mm일 때, 450 mm wafer surface 위에서 더욱 균일한 density 분포를 나타내었다. Reactant flux 분포는 거리가 60 mm에서 80 mm 사이일 경우 더 균일하게 나타났다. 그러므로, 450 mm 챔버에서 gas inlet baffle과 wafer stage 간격이 60 mm일 때 최적의 구조로 판단된다.