• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

The ornamental industry encompasses cut flower, pot plant, turfgrass and nursery stock production and is an important part of the agricultural sector. As internationally traded commodities, cut flowers and plants are an integral part of the economy of a number of developing countries in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Genetic modification (GM) is a tool with great potential to the ornamental horticulture industry. The rapid progress in our knowledge of plant molecular biology can accelerate the breeding ornamental plants using recombinant DNA technology techniques. Not only is there the possibility of creating new, novel products the driver of the industry but also the potential to develop varieties requiring less chemical and energy inputs. As an important non-food agricultural sector the use of genetically modified (GM) ornamental crops may also be ideal for the intensive farming necessary to generate pharmaceuticals and other useful products in GM plants. To date, there are only a few ornamental GM products in development and only one, a carnation genetically modified for flower colour, in the marketplace. International Flower Developments, a joint venture between Florigene Ltd. in Australia and Suntory Ltd.of Japan, developed the GM carnations. These flowers are currently on sale in USA, Japan and Australia. The research, development and commercialisation of these products are summarised. The long term prospects for ornamental GM products, like food crops, will be determined by the regulatory environment, and the acceptance of GM products in the marketplace. These critical factors will be analysed in the context of the current legislative environment, and likely public and industry opinion towards ornamental genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop the clonal propagation technique through in vitro culture using basal stem explants in Phalaenopsis hybrid grown in vitro. The highest frequency of protocorm-like body (PLB) formation was obtained when basal stem explants were cultured on VW medium containing 30g/L sucrose, 500 mg/L activated charcoal, 150 ml/L coconut water, 1 mg/L NAA, 5 mg/L 2iP and 2.5g/L gel rite. PLBs transferred to Hyponex medium were regenerated to plantlets. Plantlets transferred to plastic pots containing spagnum moss were developed and successfully acclimatized under greenhouse. The flower was bloomingly opened in plants regenerated from basal stem explants. The flower was not different from both mother plant and plant induced through clonal propagation of Phalaenopsis hybrid.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

The subjects were individually presented with the Maxi-doll task to examine false belief and with the flower-star (Stroop-like day-night) test to examine inhibitory control skill. In the $1^{st}$ session, the subjects were tested with both the Maxi tesk and the flower-star test. Three days later, subjects were retested with the Maxi task, including an inhibitory cue. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA, age(2) $\times$ inhibitory level(2) $\times$ task type(Maxi-task or Maxi-including cue). All the main effects were significant and the interaction effect between inhibitory level and task type was also significant. Thus, their understanding of the mind and inhibitory control skill both influence children's performance on a typical false belief task.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.171-175
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate morphological development of filiform papillae (FP) in Korean native goats by using scanning electron microscopy. Tongues were removed from goat fetuses (days 60, 90, and 120), neonates, and juveniles (days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 after birth). During the prenatal period, primordia of FP appeared at fetal day 60 and were observed to be developed at day 90. At fetal day 120, the FP were observed like flower leaves of a double flower bud. In neonates, FP were shaped like an obliquely sectioned cylinder with secondary papillae irregularly arranged in a saw blade-like manner. In 60-day-old juvenile goats, the FP were densely distributed at the inner base of 1/3-1/2 degrees. In 90-, 120-, and 150-day-old goats, FP were compacted at the inner base of 1/2-2/3, 3/4, and 4/5 degrees, respectively. In 180-day-old goats, FP were found to be completely compacted on the inner surface with complete morphogenesis. Microridges, microplicae, and micropits were well-developed on the epithelial surface of lingual papillae from embryonic day 120 to juvenile day 180. These results indicate that FP of goats have different shapes and sizes during development both before and after birth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1580-1586
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine antioxidative and physiological activities of water extracts from different parts (flower, leaf, root, and the whole plant) of Taraxacum officinale. The water extracts from different parts were measured to obtain total flavonoids content, total polyphenol content, electron donating ability, SOD-like activity, nitrite-scavenging ability and tyrosinase inhibition effects. Total flavonoids and total polyphenol contents in flower extract were 32.91 mg/g and 49.31 mg/g, respectively, which were much higher than those of any other parts. The electron donating abilities of flower, leaf, the whole plant, and root extracts were 87.07%, 87.66%, 81.06% and 66.20%, respectively at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The activities increased in a dose-dependent manner. The SOD-like activity of water extracts from different parts showed 9.07~10.97% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of flower and leaf extracts measured at pH 1.2 were 36.34% and 38.16%, respectively at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of the leaf extract at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was the highest (34.19%) and that of the whole plant and root extracts was shown to be more than 20%. These results suggest that water extracts from different parts of Taraxacum officinale could be used as an antioxidative functional food source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidative and physiological activities of ethanol extracts from different parts (flower, leaf, root, and the whole plant) of Taraxacum officinale. The ethanol extracts from different parts were measured to examine total flavonoids content, total polyphenol content, elect ron donating ability,superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite-scavenging ability and tyrosinase inhibition effects. Total flavonoids content in leaf extract (41.66 mg/g) and total polyphenol content in flower extract (71.91 mg/g) were higher than those of other parts. All assays were conducted at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL ethanol extracts. The electron donating abilities of leaf, flower, the whole plant, and root extracts were 92.25%, 88.18%, 84.55% and 83.40%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The activities were concentration dependent. The SOD-like activity of ethanol extracts from different parts was 8.40~11.20% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of flower and leaf extracts measured at pH 1.2 were 47.37% and 47.18%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, which were higher than those of the whole plant and root extracts. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of the leaf extract at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was the highest (34.22%) and that of the whole plant and root extracts was shown to be more than 20%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts from different parts of Taraxacum officinale could be used as antioxidative functional food sources.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.141-158
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to examine the type and characteristics of hat, and also to analyze the formative characteristics of hats shown in $Pr{\hat{e}}t-{\grave{a}}$-porter Collection. The literature review focused on the relevant technical books and preceding researches while the case study targeted 1,561 photos of hats shown in the 'Donga TV Collection'. The research range was from the S/S season of 2012 to the F/W season of 2015/16. The results of this study are as follows. 1. A hat is composed of crown and brim. In the results of classifying hats based on it, there were 572 crown-type hats, 533 hat-type, 219 cap-type, 156 irregular-type, and 81 brim-type in the order. 2. For the crown-type hats, they were mainly like cylindrical-type, bell-type, dome-type, and circle-type, using colors like black, beige, brown, red, mustard, and grey, and materials like wool, fur, velvet, straw, and metal while they were decorated with bead or lace. 3. For the hat-type hats, they were mainly like bell-type, ladder-type, and hemisphere-type, using colors like peach, white, gold, brown, and khaki, and materials like silk, cotton, straw, and wool while they were decorated with feather and ribbon. 4. For the cap-type hats, they were mainly like hemisphere-type, using colors like white, black, khaki, mustard, and purple, and materials like fur, leather, and wool while they were decorated with wappen and chain. 5. For the irregular-type hats, they were mainly like sandglass-type, box-type, animal-type, trumpet-type, and bell-type, using colors like purple, orange, pink, yellow, and sky-blue, and materials like metal, feather, mesh, plastic, straw, and linen while they were decorated with ribbon, net, bell, and flower. 6. For the brim-type visor, they were mainly like square-type, using colors like transparent, yellow, and black, and materials like plastic, cotton, leather, and metal.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2018

Molecular and functional characterization of proteins and their levels is of great interest in understanding the mechanism of diverse cellular processes. In this study, we report on the convenient Escherichia coli-based protein expression system that allows recombinant of soluble proteins expression and cytosolic domain of membrane-localised kinases, followed by the detection of autophosphorylation activity in protein kinases. This approach is applied to regulatory proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, including 14-3-3, calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinase, TERMINAL FLOWER 1(TFL1), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and cytoplasmic domain of leucine-rich repeat-receptor like kinase proteins. Our Western blot analysis which uses phospho-specific antibodies showed that five putative LRR-RLKs and two putative RLCKs have autophosphorylation activity in vitro on threonine and/or tyrosine residue(s), suggesting their potential role in signal transduction pathways. Our findings were also discussed in the broader context of recombinant expression and biochemical analysis of soluble and membrane-localised receptor kinases in microbial systems.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2014

This study investigates the free radical-scavenging activities of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp. L.) red and purple flower extracts. The methanol and hot water extracts of flower are being evaluated for its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, scavenging activities by the DPPH and ABTS analysis, SOD-like activity, and inhibition activities of superoxide radical on the HL-60 cells and nitric oxide of the RAW 264.7 cells. The PFM (purple flower extracted with MeOH) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, 606.95 mg GAE/100 g and 254.69 mg CE/100 g, respectively. Amongst the scavenging activities of the DPPH radicals, PFM($RC_{50}=155.06{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) is the highest of all the samples. The ABTS radical-scavenging activity is also highest for PFM (53.16%) at the $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. But, the SOD-like activity of the PFW (purple flower extracted with hot water) increases more than 3 folds of the PFM. In the leukemia HL-60 cell, the PFM shows strongly inhibited superoxide radical generations at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 72.34%, which increases with 1.79 folds more than the RFW (red flower extracted with hot water). The inhibition activity of nitric oxide in Raw 264.7 cells is the highest for PMF (46.90%) at a $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In conclusion, PMF show the highest flavonoid contents and the most powerful free radical-scavenging activity. Our results suggest that the increase of antioxidant activities depend on flavonoid contents. Thus, Amaranth flower can be useful for natural antioxidant compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.6-12
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• 2005

DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) Service was started, DMB enables people on the move to enjoy seamless video streaming, theater-quality audio and data through a hand-held digital device much like a handset or an in-car terminal. Realization of any-time, any-where, any-device, any-one DMB Service is needed for the government effective policy, Technical R&D and Standization, Corporate investment.