• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.251-266
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• 2003

Diffusion of non-professional flower growing in Korea still lags behind. The objectives of the study are to establish a theoretical modes to explain the diffusion of social floriculture, to identify some characteristics and problems of growing flower crops to cultivate amenities and emotions, and to suggest remedial measures for fostering it. Theoretical model adopted in this study consists of such variables as education, social movement, policies, diffusion of social flower growing, amenities, and emotional cultivation. For identifying the diffusion characteristics of flower growing, projects implemented by a non-governmental organization, schools, local and central government organizations were analyzed. In order to stimulate the diffusion of social flower growing and to increase its effects, there needs to strengthen education of stakeholders, establishment of partnership among schools, non-governmental and governmental organizations, and institutional supports including manpower and finances. Linking flower growing projects to community festival and tourism development programs can foster institutionalization of community flower growing. Furthermore, the introduction of wild, symbolic and traditional flowers and trees will help to specialize and improve community landscapes.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1987

고추, 마늘, 화훼, 배추및 양파등(等)의 연작지(連作地) 토양(土壤)을 공시(供試)하여 세균(細菌), 사상균(絲狀菌) 및 이들 미생물(微生物)의 분포비율등(分布比率等)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 실내시험(室內試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 고추및 마늘 연작지토양(連作地土壤)의 세균(細菌) 및 사상균수(絲狀菌數)는 일반답토양(一般畓土壤)에 비(比)하여 현저(顯著)히 적었다. 2. 연작지토양중(連作地土壤中) 세균(細菌)은 당류(糖類)를 산화(酸化)하여 생육(生育)하는 당류자화성세균(糖類自化性細菌)과 질산환원(窒酸還元)을 가진 세균수(細菌數)가 많았다. 3. 마늘과 토마토 연작지토양중(連作地土壤中)에는 당(糖)의 산화작용(酸化作用)에 의한 Alkali 생성균수(生成菌數)가 많았다. 4. 작물연작지토양(作物連作地土壤)의 근권(根圈)에서는 대체(大體)로 Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Bacillus, Achromobacter 속(屬)의 세균(細菌)이 그리고 사상균(絲狀菌)은 Penicillium속(屬)이 가장 많았으며, 다음은 Phoma, Humicola 및 Aspergillus속(屬)의 균주(菌株)였다. 5. 전공시토양(全供試土壤)에서 식물독소생성균(植物毒素生成菌)인 Stachybotris속(屬)의 사상균(絲狀菌)이 분리(分離)되었다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2018

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is one of minor crops in Korea. Only four ACCase inhibiting herbicides are registered for P. grandiflorum and the farmers usually use general but unregistered herbicides which can cause critical phytotoxicity. So, this study was conducted to investigate effects of alachlor and pendimethalin on germination and early growth of P. grandiflorum. To evaluate the effect of alachlor and pendimethalin, two herbicides were treated to the seeds in petri-dish and soil. In the petri-dish, alachlor completely inhibited the germination as well as pendimethalin inhibited the germination slightly but not significantly. In case of soil application, alachlor inhibited germination and plant height of P. grandiflorum significantly as well as pendimethalin inhibited plant height and root length significantly. We showed the possibility of phytotoxicity of alachlor and pendimethalin to P. grandiflorum and strongly suggest that two herbicides should not be used to the cultivation of P. grandiflorum. Unregistered herbicides should not be used for weed management and additional researches for screening of safe herbicide to minor crops should be conducted as soon as possible.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

The ornamental industry encompasses cut flower, pot plant, turfgrass and nursery stock production and is an important part of the agricultural sector. As internationally traded commodities, cut flowers and plants are an integral part of the economy of a number of developing countries in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Genetic modification (GM) is a tool with great potential to the ornamental horticulture industry. The rapid progress in our knowledge of plant molecular biology can accelerate the breeding ornamental plants using recombinant DNA technology techniques. Not only is there the possibility of creating new, novel products the driver of the industry but also the potential to develop varieties requiring less chemical and energy inputs. As an important non-food agricultural sector the use of genetically modified (GM) ornamental crops may also be ideal for the intensive farming necessary to generate pharmaceuticals and other useful products in GM plants. To date, there are only a few ornamental GM products in development and only one, a carnation genetically modified for flower colour, in the marketplace. International Flower Developments, a joint venture between Florigene Ltd. in Australia and Suntory Ltd. of Japan, developed the GM carnations. These flowers are currently on sale in USA, Japan and Australia. The research, development and commercialization of these products are summarized. The long term prospects for ornamental GM products, like food crops, will be determined by the regulatory environment, and the acceptance of GM products in the marketplace. These critical factors will be analysed in the context of the current legislative environment, and likely public and industry opinion towards ornamental genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 식물바이오벤처 페스티발
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

The ornamental industry encompasses cut flower, pot plant, turfgrass and nursery stock production and is an important part of the agricultural sector. As internationally traded commodities, cut flowers and plants are an integral part of the economy of a number of developing countries in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Genetic modification (GM) is a tool with great potential to the ornamental horticulture industry. The rapid progress in our knowledge of plant molecular biology can accelerate the breeding ornamental plants using recombinant DNA technology techniques. Not only is there the possibility of creating new, novel products the driver of the industry but also the potential to develop varieties requiring less chemical and energy inputs. As an important non-food agricultural sector the use of genetically modified (GM) ornamental crops may also be ideal for the intensive farming necessary to generate pharmaceuticals and other useful products in GM plants. To date, there are only a few ornamental GM products in development and only one, a carnation genetically modified for flower colour, in the marketplace. International Flower Developments, a joint venture between Florigene Ltd. in Australia and Suntory Ltd.of Japan, developed the GM carnations. These flowers are currently on sale in USA, Japan and Australia. The research, development and commercialisation of these products are summarised. The long term prospects for ornamental GM products, like food crops, will be determined by the regulatory environment, and the acceptance of GM products in the marketplace. These critical factors will be analysed in the context of the current legislative environment, and likely public and industry opinion towards ornamental genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2018

관상용 화훼작물에 있어서 꽃의 색깔과 형태는 중요한 형질 중 하나이다. 일반적으로 꽃색은 카로티노이드, 플라보노이드, 베타라인에 의해 결정된다. 그 중 플라보노이드는 보다 넓은 영역의 색을 나타낸다. 국화는 세계적으로 인기가 많은 관상용 화훼작물이며 꽃색을 바꾸기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 국화의 경우, 시아니딘 계열 안토시아닌의 축적으로 분홍색 혹은 빨간색의 꽃색을 나타내며, 카로티노이드 계열 색소물질의 축적으로 노란색 또는 초록색의 꽃색을 나타낸다. 그러나 자연계에는 파란 꽃색의 국화는 존재하지 않는다. 지금까지 플라보노이드계 물질 생합성을 조절함으로써 파란색 꽃을 개발하기 위한 여러 연구가 시도되었다. 반면 그 외의 플라보노이드계 물질을 기반으로 한 새로운 꽃색 국화 개발연구는 거의 수행되지 않았다. 플라보노이드 생합성 조절에는 다양한 전사인자들이 관여하고 플라보노이드계 물질 기반 꽃색 변경을 위해서는 구조 유전자 및 전사인자들을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 화훼작물의 플라보노이드 생합성 및 조절에 대하여 전반적으로 서술하였고, 그 동안 보고된 플라보노이드계 물질의 꽃색 변경 연구들을 검토하였다. 이러한 결과들은 생명공학기술을 기반으로한 국화 꽃색 변경 달성을 위한 중요한 길잡이가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.467-472
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• 2009

황기의 자가불화합성 타파를 위한 노화수분 처리, NaCl 처리 및 $CO_2$ 처리에 대한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 비닐하우스에서 노화수분은 8월 하순에는 거의 수정이 되지 않았으며, 9월 상순부터 10월 상순까지는 개화 당일 부터 개화 후 2일까지 수정되었고, 9월 하순 개화 당일 수분한 것이 결협율 33.3%, 결실율 86.2%로 가장 양호하였다. 노지에서 노화수분은 대조구는 8월 하순부터 10월 상순까지 결협은 되었으나, 9월 중순과 9월 하순을 제외하고 결실이 되지 않았으며, 9월 하순의 개화 후 1일에 결협율 39%, 결실율 94.9%로 가장 양호하였다. NaCl 처리는 비닐하우스에서는 1% 농도 처리가 결협율은 10월에서 21.3%로 가장 좋았으나, 결실율은 9월 하순 66.7%로 가장 양호 하였고, 노지에서는 NaCl 농도 5%에서 결협율 7.3%, 결실율 90.9%로 가장 양호하였다. 식물생육상을 이용하여 $CO_2$ 700 ppm을 처리한 결과 무처리구와 큰 차이 없었다. 결론적으로 황기 자가불화합성 타파를 위하여 9월 중하순에 자화가 아닌 자가화를 개화당일 또는 개화 후 1일에 인공수분해주거나 NaCl $1{\sim}5%$를 처리해주면 자가불화합성을 타파할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 2022

Background: Bees and flowering plants associations were initially began during the early Cretaceous, 120 million years ago. This coexistence has led to a mutual relationship where the plant serves as food and in return, the bee help them their reproduction. Animals pollinate about 75% of food crops worldwide, with bees as the world's primary pollinator. In general, bees rely on flower scents to locate blooming flowers as visual clue is limited and also their host plants from a distance. In this review, an attempt is made to collect some relevant 107 published papers from three scientific databases, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science database, covering the period from 1959 to 2021. Results: Flowering plants are well documented to actively emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, only a few of them are important for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. In this review, fifty-three volatile organic compounds belonging to different class of compounds, mainly terpenoids, benzenoids, and volatile fatty acid derivatives, is compiled here from floral scents that are responsible for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. Bees generally use honest floral signals to locate their host plants with nectar and pollen-rich flowers. Thus, honest signaling mechanism plays a key role in maintaining mutualistic plant-pollinator associations. Conclusions: Considering the fact that floral scents are the primary attractants, understanding and identification of VOCs from floral scent in plant-pollinator networks are crucial to improve crop pollination. Interestingly, current advances in both VOCs scent gene identification and their biosynthetic pathways make it possible to manipulate particular VOCs in plant, and this eventually may lead to increase in crop productivity.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2022

This study was conducted to test the significant difference of fertility variation among families and to select superior families for acorn production in the breeding seedling seed orchards (BSSOs) of Quercus acuta and Quercus glauca. The seed orchards were located in Jeju island and established by seedlings raised from selected parents for genetic testing in 2006. In the spring of 2021, the numbers of female and male flower were counted from 5 to 10 individuals per family in the BSSOs. To test statistical significance of which parameter is not satisfied through the normality test, we used a nonparametric analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to quantify the association between female and male flower production. As the results, the significant difference of flower production among families was found in both seed orchards. The averages of female flower production were 65.3 and 181.9 in Q. acuta and Q. glauca. The positive Spearman's rank correlation was existed between male and female flower production. Broad-sense heritability on female and male flower production were 0.191 and 0.147 in Q. acuta, and 0.285 and 0.068 in Q. glauca, respectively. Sexual asymmetry (e.g., maleness index) between female and male, and contribution variation among families (e.g., parental balance) were analyzed to find reasonable alternatives in the management of seed orchards. Effective population size of seed crops was predicted as a concept of status number. Loss of gene diversity (accumulation of group coancestry) would not be alarming in the BSSOs. Our results would be helpful to select breeding materials for establishing new seed orchards and to supply genetically improved seeds of evergreen oaks, which is one of the backbones of the strategy of carbon sink in the 2050 Carbon Neutrality of Korea Forest Service.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

The cultivation area and use of genetically modified (GM) crops have been increased continuously over the world and concerns about the potential risks of GM crops are also increasing. One of the major concern in risk assessment is the possible development of hybrids through interspecific and intergeneric crosses with related species. This study was conducted to investigate the pollinator have an influence on insect-mediated gene transfer from GM soybeans. Hybrid was induced from GM soybeans by honeybee and western flower thrips, and non-GM soybeans were used as pollen receptor. The analysis for gene-flow was conducted by herbicide selection, immunostrip test, and PCR analysis. In the result of the analysis, three hybrids were detected on the distance 15, 75, 105 cm from pollen source in western flower thrips treatment. In honeybee treatment, one hybrid was detected in the farthest distance (300 cm). These results suggested honeybee and western flower thrips have a possibility they can transfer the introduced gene from GM soybeans to non-GM soybeans.