• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.525-536
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• 2005

The interfacial area transport equation dynamically models the changes in interfacial structures along the flow field by mechanistically modeling the creation and destruction of dispersed phase. Hence, when employed in the numerical thermal-hydraulic system analysis codes, it eliminates artificial bifurcations stemming from the use of the static flow regime transition criteria. Accounting for the substantial differences in the transport mechanism for various sizes of bubbles, the transport equation is formulated for two characteristic groups of bubbles. The group 1 equation describes the transport of small-dispersed bubbles, whereas the group 2 equation describes the transport of large cap, slug or chum-turbulent bubbles. To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of interfacial area transport equation available at present, it is benchmarked by an extensive database established in various two-phase flow configurations spanning from bubbly to chum-turbulent flow regimes. The geometrical effect in interfacial area transport is examined by the data acquired in vertical fir-water two-phase flow through round pipes of various sizes and a confined flow duct, and by those acquired In vertical co-current downward air-water two-phase flow through round pipes of two different sizes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2001

This simulation first allows us to define a transition zone from a bubble to jet mode of the argon out-flow and hereinafter to define a similar area for water-steam leak in the KALIMER SG (Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor Steam Generator) using a water mock-up system, taking into account the KALIMER leak classification and tube bundle design, as a simulation of a real water-steam into sodium leak. in accordance with leak conditions in the KALIMER SG, the transition from bubbling to jetting is studied by means of turbulence regime simulation for argon out-flow through a very small orifice, which has the equivalent diameter of about 0.253 mm. finally the noise generation mechanism is explained from the existing experimental data. We also confirmed the possibility of micro-leak detection from the information of the bubbling mode through simulations and the experiment in this study.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.85-90
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• 2004

We have presented characteristics of a transitional behavior from a premixed flame to a triple flame in a lifted flame according to the change of equivalence ratio. The experimental apparatus consisted of a slot burner and a contraction nozzle for a lifted flame. As concentration difference of the both side of slot burner increases, the shape of flame changed from a premixed flame to a triple flame, and the liftoff height is decreased to the minimum value and then increase again. Around this minimum point, it is confirmed a transition regime from premixed flame to triple flame. Consequently, the experimental results of the liftoff height, flame curvature and luminescence intensity showed that the stabilized laminar lifted flame regime is categorized by regimes of premixed flame, triple flame and critical flame. In the visualization experiment of smoke wire, the flow divergence and redirection reappeared in premixed flame as well as triple flame. Thus we cannot express the flame front of lifted flame has a behavior of triple flame with only flow divergence and redirection. To differentiate triple flame and premixed flame, ${\Phi}$ value of partially premixed fraction is employed. The partially premixed fraction ${\Phi}$ was constant in premixed flame. In critical flame small gradient appears over the whole regime. In triple flame, typical diffusion flame shape is obtained as parabolic distribution type due to diffusion flame trailing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.810-818
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• 1987

A new method is proposed to identify two-phase flow regimes in horizontal gas-liquid flow, based upon a statistical analysis of instantaneous pressure drop curves at an orifice. The probability density functions of the curves indicate distinct patterns depending upon the two-phase flow regime. The transition region also could be identified by the distribution shape of the probability density function. The statistical properties of the pressure drop are analyzed for various flow regimes and transitions. Finally, the data of flow patterns determined by the proposed method are compared with the flow pattern maps suggested by other investigators.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.344-352
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• 2006

Evacuation performance, starting transient, and plume blowback at diffuser breakdown of a straight cylindrical supersonic exhaust diffuser with no externally supplied secondary flow are investigated. Pressure records in the transitional periods are measured by a small-scale cold-gas simulator. Flow-fields evolving in the diffuser-type ejector are solved by preconditioned Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a low-Reynolds number $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model edited for turbulence compressibility effects. The present RANS method is properly validated with measured static wall pressure distributions and evacuation level at steady operation as well as the pressure records during the transition regime.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.64-70
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• 2016

Multiple solutions in natural convection of water with Pr=7 between two horizontal plates with small magnitude non-uniform temperature distribution in the upper plate is numerically investigated. The dimensionless temperature of upper plate is ${\theta}={\epsilon}sinkx$. Two upright cells are formed over one wave length in the conduction-dominated regime of small Rayleigh number. However, multicellular convection occurs above a critical Rayleigh number for small wave number. When k = 1.5, dual solutions are found and a transition of $6{\rightarrow}4$ eddy flow occurs with decrease of Rayleigh number. When k = 0.75, two, three, four and five multiple solutions are observed. Transitions of $14{\rightarrow}12$, $12{\rightarrow}10$, $10{\rightarrow}8$ and $6{\rightarrow}8$ eddy flow occur with decrease of Rayleigh number.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.300-311
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• 2008

This study investigates the natural convection of air(Pr=0.7) between two walls having a small- wave- number sinusoidal temperature distributions with a phase difference. The wave number and the phase difference of wall temperatures are k=0.5 and ㄱ/2, respectively. In the conduction-dominated regime at small Rayleigh number, two slightly inclined cells are formed over one wave length. At higher Rayleigh number, however, multicellular convection occurs in thermally unstable region. A spatial symmetry is intermittently broken in the transient period at the Rayleigh number near the critical value. The steady-state flows always satisfy the spatial symmetry. A steep increase of Nusselt number occurs near the Rayleigh number at which transition of flow pattern occurs.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 1989

It was reported that the toughness for welded region was influenced by various factors such as the gradient for prior austenite grain size, the variation of microhardness and the characteristic microstructure depending on distance from the fusion boundary. Therefore, in order to evaluate the fracture strength of the weldment in which the microstructures change continuously, it is important to assess the peculiar strength of each microstructure in welded region. It was known that the small punch(SP) test technique which was originally developed to study the irradiation damage effect for the structures of nuclear power plant was also useful to investigate the strength evaluating of nonhomogeneous materials. In this paper, by means of a small punch test technique the possibility of evaluating strength of parent and welded region in SS41 and SM53B steels was investigated. The obtained results are summerized as follows: 1) The small punch test which showed markedly the ductile-brittle transition behavior in this experiment may be applied to evaluation for the fracture strength of welded region. 2) It was shown that the ductile-brittle regime lied in Region III(plastic membrane stretching region) of the flow characteristics observed in SP test. 3) The SP test technique which shows a more precipitous energy change transition behavior than the other test technique is able to estimate the more precise transition temperature. 4) It could be seen that in comparision with the structure of parent the structure of weld HAZ in SS41 steel was improved while it in SM53B steel was deteriorated.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.245-248
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• 2002

Vortex lock-on or resonance in the flow behind a circular cylinder is visualized by a time-resolved PIV when a single frequency oscillation is superimposed on the mean incident velocity. Measurements are made of the $K{\'{a}}rm{\'{a}}n$ vortices in the wake-transition regime at the Reynolds number 360. Basically, natural shedding state is observed to compare with lock-on state. Wake motion by the change of the shedding frequency of lock-on state is investigated. When lock-on occurs, the vortex shedding frequency is found to be half the oscillation frequency as expected from previous experiments. The physical flow phenomena of natural shedding and lock-on states are analyzed with physical parameters of recirculation and vortex formation region. Consequently, it is found that the change of wake bubble plays an important role in the flow at the lock-on state. Vortex formation region is also actively changed like recirculation region as the lock-on occurs. Therefore, it is deduced that the recirculation region is closely related with the vortex formation region.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2007

In this study, the breakup characteristics of mono disperse droplets were studied with various fuels, ethanol, diesel fuel, biodiesel fuel extracted from soybean oil, and pure water. In order to investigate the droplet behavior in air cross-flow conditions, the experimental equipment was composed of a droplet generator with an air nozzle, and a high-magnification photo detecting system. Droplets produced by the droplet generator were injected into the air stream flowing normal to a direction of liquid drop jet. Digital images of the droplet behavior in air flow field were recorded by controlling the air flow rate. From the inspections, droplet breakup mechanism is primarily classified into the two kinds of stage, first breakup stage and second breakup stage. At the first breakup stage, droplet deformation rate seems to be affected by the force induced by the surface tension and the viscosity. On the other hand, at the second breakup stage, droplet is broken up mainly induced by the surface tension, so the breakup transition can be divided by the regular Weber number.