• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to suggest the raw data on establishing the domestic wetland conservation plan. The results of this study were as follows. The vascular plants were summarized as 201 taxa in Ahnshim wetland; 57 families, 154 genera, 179 species and 22 varieties. The rare and endangered plant designated by Korea Forest Service was Hydorcharis dubia. In the wetland plants, the emerged plants were showed Typha angustata, Beckmannia syzigachne, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe javanica and Veronica undulata, and the submerged plants were Potamogeton crispus, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum verticillatum. And the floating leaved plants were confirmed Potamogeton distinctus, Hydrocharis dubia, Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphoides peltata, and the floating plants were Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna paucicostata. The naturalized plants were 33 taxa; Avena fatua, Dactylis glomerata, Rumex crispus, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lepidium apetalum, Tlaspi arvense, Descurainia pinnata, Potentilla supina, Vicia villosa, Robinia pseruo-acacia, Amorpha fruticosa, Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa, Ailanthus altissima, Euphorbia supina, Oenothera lamarckiana, Quamoclit angulata, Ipomoea purpurea, Solanum nigrum, Veronica perisca, Helianthus tuberosus, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Xanthium strumarium, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Conyza sumatrensis, Senecio vulgaris, Bidens frondosa, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum laevigatum and Sonchus oleraceus.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_1
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• pp.435-448
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• 1998

The phytosociological investigation was carried out at 32 sites of the riparian vegetation in Musim-Chon stream passed through Choengju-City, Chungcheongbuk-Province by Braun-Blanquet's method from August to October, 1997. The flora of vascular plants in this survey was 202 species. The riparian vegetation was classified into 25 communities as follows. The submerged hydrophytes are Potomogeton malaianus var. latifolius community, Potomogeton crispus community, Myriophyllum verticillatum community-Hydrilla verticillata community and Ceratophyllum demersum community. The floating-leaved hydrophyte is Trapa japonica community. The emerged hydrophytes are Phragmites communis community, Perzicaria thunbergii community, Phragmites japonica community, Oenanthe javanica community, Zizania latifolia community and Persicaria hydropiper community. The herbaceous vegetation of floodplain are Artemisia montana community, Humulus japonicus community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Erigeron anmus community, Impatiens balsamina community, Bidens frondosa community, Setaria viridis community, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community and Eragrostis ferruginea community. The woody vegetation of floodplain are Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Stephanandra incisa community and Clematis apiifolia community. The species diversity was low in the upper and down stream, while the diversity was high in the mid stream situated at the center of Choengju-City because of frequent disturbance by citizens. These results suggested that distribution of communities and species diversity was closely related to the disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2022

The changes in COD, TOC, T-P, and T-N concentrations were investigated for 2 years in the constructed wetland of Sookcheon, which was installed to improve the water quality of Daecheong reservoir in South Korea. In order to evaluate the pollution level of sediments in the wetland, settling velocity of particulate material (4 times) and sedimet material contents (6 times) were measured. COD and TOC concentrations increased slightly as they passed through wetlands, and T-N and T-P concentration tended to decrease. The material content (COD, T-P, T-N) of aquatic plants was higher in floating-leaved and free-floating macrophytes than emergent macrophytes. As a result of measuring the sedimentation rate of suspended materials, most of the suspended materials introduced into constructed wetlands were sedimented at a rapid rate in the first sedimentation site. In addition, sediment pollution of T-P and T-N in constructed wetland was in severe pollution. The sediments containing a large amount of T-P and T-N were eluted by physical and chemical environmental changes, which is likely to act as internal pollution sources in wetlands.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2003

The wetland in the city could be mainly divided into the deep water type and the abandoned paddy type, so this study was conducted to analyze characteristics between the two types of the wetland. The former sample site was located near the Olympic village in Songpa-gu of Seoul, and the latter sample site was in front of the Mt. Bukhan fortress in Eunpyeong-gu of Seoul. The actual vegetation, vascular plants, and avian fauna were researched. In the actual vegetation, the deep water type had the broad surface of water and the emerged plant as Phragmites communis have grown widely, but the abandoned paddy type had the narrow sur-face of water and hydrophyte as Persicaria thunbergii have grown widely. It might be judged because the water depth of the abandoned paddy type were shallow wholly. And the floating-leaved plants and the free-floating planktonic plants were not observed such as Nymphaea tetragona var. angusta, Lemna paucicostata in the abandoned paddy type wetland. The wild birds were mainly observed at the edge of the wetland(at the edge of woodland) in the abandoned paddy type, but were observed equally in the deep water type. 28 families 433 species were observed at the former site and 32 families 365 species were observed at latter site. It was judged that the various topographical structure(habitat diversity) might make all items various.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 1999

Vegetation structure and distribution of the vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes, and the growth pattern, standing crop and amounts of nutrient uptake by Salix species were investigated in the upper stream wetlands of the Namgang-Dam, Chinju-city, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea from April to November in 1997. The flora was composed of 43 hydrophytes and 241 hygrophytes, or total 284 vascular plants. The life forms of the hydrophytes were classified as 27 kinds of emergent plants, 4 floating-leaved plants, 3 free-floating plants, and 9 submersed plants. In the herb layer, the dominant species was Persicaria hyciropiper, and the ranges of the species diversity indices (H'), equitabilities, (J') and community similarity indices (CCs) were 1.59~1.89, 0.87~0.96, and 0.35~0.83, respectively. In the shrub and subtree layers, 17 kinds of Salix species were supposed to the pioneer plants at the early stage of the succession. The number of branches per main stem of Salix species was 5.0. The DBH class-frequency histograms of Salix species were the reverse J type, and the natural regeneration of the Salix community was expected. Basal area of Salix species per square meter was $24.87cm^2$. Volume of Salix species per square meter was $12,008cm^3$ and total phytomass of the Salix species was estimated as 12,894 ton. Biomass distribution of Salix species in the stem, the branch and twig, and the leaf was 64.1%, 28.1%, and 7.8%, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by Salix species were 68,022 and 19,823 kg. It was recommended that application and conservation of the wetland and other counterplans are indispensable to reduce the adverse effects of water pollution and to preserve the wetland ecosystem.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

The flora and vegetation of Jang-cheok wetland (Gyeong-nam) was investigated from April 1. 2004 to Feburary 28. 2005. The vegetation plants collected from this area were 18 taxa : 18 species 17 genera 14 families. Hygrophtes were 2 species 2 genera 2 families. Emergent plants were 6 species 5 genera 6 families. Submersed plants were 1 species 1 genera 1 families. Floating-leaved plants were 5 species 5 genera 5 families. Free-floating plants were 2 species 3 genera 2 families. Dominance of life form was investigated Trapa japonica, Phragmites commnis, Leersia japonica by 5 dominance values and Hydrocharis dubia, Ceratophyllum dmersum were 1 dominance values. The community was investigated 5 communities : Leersia japonica community. Trapa japonica community. Nelumbo nucifera community. Miscanthus sacchariflorus community. Phragmites communis community. Dominance species(Leersia japonica) of Leersia japonica community was investigated $1,89g/m^{2}$(Dry weight) and $1,730ind./m^{2}$(Density). Doninance species(Trapa japonica) of Trapa japonica community was investigated $36,25g/m^{2}$(Dry weight) and $15.20ind./m^{2}$(Density). Dominance species(Nelumbo nucifera) of Nelumbo nucifera community was investigated $30.59g/m^{2}$(Dry weight) and $11.20ind./m^{2}$(Density). Dominance species(Miscanthus sacchariflorus) of Miscanthus sacchariflorus community was investigated $180.50g/m^{2}$(Dry weight) and $124.80ind./m^{2}$(Density). Dominance species(Phragmites communis) of Phragmites communis community was investigated $159.50g/m^{2}$(Dry weight) and $60.00ind./m^{2}$(Density). The predominant species of this area was investigated Trapa. Japonica and the other communities was only small area in the waterside area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.657-664
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• 2011

The plant community of water`s edge was investigated using the methodology of the Z-M school of phytosociology, from March to October, 2008, 2011. The results were obtained as follow ; hygrophyte hydrophye of 2008 year of this area consist of 38 taxa : 1 varieties, 37 species, 31 genera, 21 families and 14 orders, hygrophyte hydrophye of 2011 year of this area consist of hygrophyte 15 species, 13 species were reduced by approximately 13.33%. And emerged hydrophyres did not show a change. 9 species, 4 species of Floating-Leaved hydrophyres 55.56%, Submerged hydrophyres of the 4 species, 1 species, 75%, Free-Floating hydrophyres remarkable I the 3 species was reduced to 33.33%, respectively. Plants Community of the water's edge was classified into 16 communities as follows; (Leersia japonica community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Hydrocharis dubia community, Zizania latifolia community, Paspalum distichum var. indutum community, Leersia japonica-Hydrocharis dubia community, Salix glandulosa community, Trapa japonica community, Humulus japonicus community, Nelumbo nucifera community, Carex dimorpholepis community, Salix koreensis community, Trapa japonica-Spirodela polyrhiza community, Persicaria thunbergii). Higher in 2011 than in 2008, the ratio was reduced to Leersia japonica community. Between July-August by a sudden change in the rate of water storage changes in vegetation are thought to have appeared.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

Riverine wetlands are an important element of the river ecosystem and account for approximately 38% of the inland wetlands surveyed so far. The Shincheon Wetland located in Mangyeong River is also a channel wetland as the flow rate is slowed by the constructed weirs, leading to sediment accumulation. To identify the conservation value and ecological characteristics of Shincheon Wetland, its vegetation and plant diversity were identified using a phytosociological method, and a total of 45 vegetation-related datasets were collected. Overall, 24 plant communities, comprising a total of 153 taxa (49 families, 117 genera, 146 species, 2 subspecies, 5 varieties) were identified. The plant with the highest appearance rate in the communities was Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. In addition, annual herb species, including Rumex crispus L., Bromusjaponicus Thunb., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Artemisia indica Willd. were frequently observed to be growing in the secondary grassland. Naturalized plants were surveyed in the 38 taxa; the urbanization index was 10.3% and the naturalized index was 24.8%. Plant communities were largely classified into submerged vegetation, floating and floating-leaved vegetation, annual and biennial vegetation, perennial herb vegetation, and woody vegetation. The distribution of plant communities reflecting various habitats, including the lentic and lotic zone maintaining a constant water depth, littoral zone experiencing intermittent water level fluctuations, and dry floodplain environment was also confirmed. Overall, plant community development plays an important role in the habitat for wild animals; therefore, it is expected to positively impact biodiversity enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.694-706
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to offer the raw data for conservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystem by surveying and analysing a water quality, sediment, benthic macroinvertebrate, fish and hydrophyte in Junam reservoir. In the result of analysing the water quality, pH was 8.2~8.4, 6.0~7.5mg/${\ell}$ in COD, 10.0~10.3mg/${\ell}$ in SS, 8.3~11.5mg/${\ell}$ in DO, 0.1mg/${\ell}$ in T-P and 1.2~1.3mg/${\ell}$ in T-N. In case of the sediments, Cd was 0.47~0.52mg/kg, 7.08~7.43mg/kg in Cu, 0.22~0.32mg/kg in As, 0.02~0.03mg/kg in Hg, 6.20~7.45mg/kg in Pb, 32.80~39.70mg/kg in Ni, 513.0~543.0mg/kg in F and 137.0~140.0mg/kg in Zn. $Cr^{6+}$ was not detected. The benthic macroinvertebrates were 432 individuals including 3 phyla, 5 classes, 9 orders, 26 families, 33 genera and 39 species, and the ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community(ESB) was 25. The fishes were 8 families and 14 species, and the invasive alien species were 2 taxa including Micropterus salmoids and Lepomis macrochirus. The hydrophytes were 63 taxa including 28 families, 42 genera, 56 species, 1 subspecies and 6 varieties. The emergent plants were 38 taxa(60.3%), 5 taxa(7.9%) in floating-leaved plants and each 10 taxa(15.9%) in free-floating plants and submerged plants.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2000

The flora, vegetation structure and physico-chemical characteristics of surface sediment were investigated in Paksil-nup wetland of Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea in 1990~1998. Ranges of the surface sediment characteristics such as pH, conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, and exchangeable Na were 4.36~4.34, $19.0{\sim}1260.0\;{\mu}mho\;cm^{-1}$, 0.01~6.35%, 0.001~0.14%, 0.01~0.31 mg/l00g, 1.01~13.98 ppm, 16.75~143.80 ppm, 0.93~14.85 ppm and 0.21~3.86 ppm, respectively. Percentages of the particle size such as sand, silt, and clay were 13.0~93.3%, 5.4~71.7%, and 0.5~37.5%, respectively. The flora of the study area was composed of 72 families, 182 genera, 223 species, 36 varieties and 2 form or total 261 kinds, and those were 45 kinds of vascular hydrophytes and 216 kinds of vascular hygrophytes. The life form of vascular hydrophytes was classified as 27 kinds (60%) of emergent plants, 8 kinds (18%) of submerged plants, 6 kinds (13%) of free-floating plants and 4 kinds (9%) of floating-leaved plants, respectively. The importance value of Salix nipponica was highest as 123.78 in the shrub and tree layers, and that of Trapa japonica was highest as 16.69 in the herb layer. The vegetation type was divided into two groups according to the association analysis. The vegetation of the littoral zone was classified into 7 associations according to the cluster analysis based on the coverage data. These results showed significant differences with those of stand ordination by correspondence analysis based on the species composition and by PCA based on the sediment properties. Factors affecting the distribution of the vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes were the gradient of particle size, altitude, and water depth.