• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.733-742
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• 2010

In this study, optimization was performed to improve the conventional liquefaction process of offshore plants, such as a LNG-FPSO(Liquefied Natural Gas-Floating, Production, Storage, and Offloading unit) by maximizing the energy efficiency of the process. The major equipments of the liquefaction process are compressors, expanders, and heat exchangers. These are connected by stream which has some thermodynamic properties, such as the temperature, pressure, enthalpy or specific volume, and entropy. For this, a process design problem for the liquefaction process of offshore plants was mathematically formulated as an optimization problem. The minimization of the total energy requirement of the liquefaction process was used as an objective function. Governing equations and other equations derived from thermodynamic laws acted as constraints. To solve this problem, the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) method was used. To evaluate the proposed method in this study, it was applied to the natural gas liquefaction process of the LNG-FPSO. The result showed that the proposed method could present the improved liquefaction process minimizing the total energy requirement as compared to conventional process.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2020

This study deals with underwater explosion (UNDEX) characteristics of various non-explosive underwater shock sources for the development of non-explosive underwater shock testing devices. UNDEX can neutralize ships' structure and the equipment onboard causing serious damage to combat and survivability. The shock proof performance of naval ships has been for a long time studied through simulations, but full-scale Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFT&E) using real explosives have been limited due to the high risk and cost. For this reason, many researches have been tried to develop full scale ship shock tests without using actual explosives. In this study, experiments were conducted to find the characteristics of the underwater shock waves from actual explosive and non-explosive shock sources such as the airbag inflators and Vaporizing Foil Actuator (VFA). In order to derive the empirical equation for the maximum pressure value of the underwater shock wave generated by the non-explosive impact source, repeated experiments were conducted according to the number and distance. In addition, a Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) technique, which is a frequency-based function, was used to compare the response of floating bodies generated by underwater shock waves from each explosion source. In order to compare the magnitude of the underwater shock waves generated by each explosion source, Keel Shock Factor (KSF), which is a measure for estimating the amount of shock experienced by a naval ship from an underwater explosionan, was used.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.46-62
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• 2010

This study was conducted to understand the water and soil properties to propose the promotion of vegetation environment at farm pond depression. We selected 8 palustrine wetlands from agricultural area after consideration of human interference, surround land use, and size of area. Water quality analysis showed that the average SS, T-N, T-P were over the limit of agricultural water quality standard level at some sites. The cause for deterioration of water quality is supposed by the long-term stagnation of water in palustrine wetland. The recommended measures to improve water quality are as follows; improving water circulation by connecting with nearby natural water, preventing oxygen depletion by dredging deposit, lowering down T-N and T-P by removing autumn plants, preventing inflow of phosphorus in fertilizer ingredients which is the main cause for high T-P. The soil contamination of the surveyed area was about the same level of average heavy metal contents in soils from 2,010 paddy fields in Korea, which was much lower than soil contamination standards. As for soil texture, sand content was 40~90% and clay content was less than 20%. The content of silt and clay in soil from community of floating-leaved:submerged hydrophytes and community of emergent hydrophytes was higher that of soil from community of hygrophytes, and the content of sand in soil from community of hygrophytes was 10% higher than underwater soil. In terms of bulk density, the average was 0.24~0.96g/$cm^3$, which was quite low, because of high content of peat and organic matter in soil of the surveyed area. As for the average content of organic matter, community of floating-leaved:submerged hydrophytes was 18.25g/kg, community of emergent hydrophytes was 16.88g/kg, and community of hydrophytes was 25.63g/kg. The range of content of T-N in soil of community of floating-leaved；submerged hydrophytes was 0.022~0.307%, and that of community of emergent hydrophytes was 0.029~0.681% and that of community of hydrophytes was 0.088~0.325%. Apart from three sites in the surveyed area, most parts were over the standards or below the standard. After this study, we will conduct and discuss the relationship between vegetation characteristics and environments, which will be used of the best practical management and restoration of wetland.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 10 MW급 부유식 파력-풍력 복합발전 시스템의 플랫폼 초기 개념설계를 위해 유한요소해석 기반 위상 최적화를 검토하였다. 실제 파력-풍력 복합발전 시스템 플랫폼의 위상최적화를 수행하기 전에 단순화된 구조설계 문제를 이용하여 효율적인 위상최적화 이론을 확인하고자 밀도법과 균질화설계법의 두 가지 위상최적화 이론을 적용하였다. 단순화된 설계 문제의 결과로부터 균질화설계법 이론을 파력-풍력 복합발전 시스템의 플랫폼 위상최적화에 적용하였다. 파력-풍력 복합발전 시스템의 플랫폼 개념설계를 위해서 유한요소해석 모델을 생성하고 설치해역의 해양환경하중을 고려하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 설계파 및 조류와 같은 해양환경하중으로부터 기인하는 플랫폼 상의 압력과 계류삭의 인장력을 산출하기 위하여 동수력학 해석을 수행하였다. 구조해석을 위한 하중조건은 부유체 동수력학 해석으로부터의 결과와 파력-풍력 복합발전 시스템 중량을 고려하였고, 경계조건은 관성제거법을 사용하여 구현하였다. 밀도법 기반 파력-풍력 복합발전 시스템 플랫폼의 위상최적화 결과로부터 개념설계 단계에서 주요 구조부재의 배치방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과로부터 위상최적화는 부유식 파력-풍력 복합발전 시스템과 같은 새로운 형식의 해양구조물 개발에 있어서 주요 구조부재 배치의 개념설계에 대해 유용한 설계도구임을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2016

본 논문은 효과적인 무반사 기법을 이용한 수중폭발에 따른 부유식 해상풍력발전기의 동응답 수치해석에 관한 내용이다. 수치해석을 위해 무한한 바다 영역을 유한한 영역으로 한정하고 그 경계에서 필연적인 충격파의 반사를 흡수하기 위해 PML(perfectly matched layer)이라 불리는 무반사 기법을 적용하였다. 수중폭발을 수반한 비점성 압축성 유동을 표현하는 일반화된 수송방정식은 방향별 흡수계수와 상태변수를 도입하여 3개의 PML 방정식으로 분리하였다. 풍력발전기와 해수 유동으로 구성된 유체-구조 연계문제는 오일러 기반의 유한체적법과 라그랑지 기반의 유한요소법을 연계하여 반복계산으로 해석하였다. 그리고 수중폭발에 따른 동수압은 JWL 상태방정식으로 계산하였다. 수치실험을 통해 수중폭발에 따른 동수압과 구조 동응답을 분석하였으며, PML 무반사 기법을 적용한 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 보다 정확한 해석결과를 제공함을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2022

부유식 라이다는 해상풍력단지 조성 시 필수적인 풍황관측의 새로운 패러다임을 제공하는 시스템이다. 시간과 비용을 절약하고 환경에 미치는 영향을 최소화하며 지역사회의 반발까지 줄일 수 있어 업계의 표준으로 떠오르고 있다. 하지만 부표의 동요에 의한 교란요인이 관측자료의 신뢰도에 영향을 미치므로 안정적인 플랫폼의 설계 및 검증이 매우 중요하다. 국내에서는 이 분야의 기술 진출이 늦어짐에 따라 다수의 외국계 장비업체들이 국내시장을 장악하고 있다. 우리나라 서해안은 조수간만의 차가 매우 큰 천해성 환경이기 때문에 강한 해류가 반복적으로 나타나고, 계절별로 다른 강한 에너지의 파도가 형성된다. 본 논문은 이와 같이 복합적인 환경 특성을 지닌 우리나라 해역에서 라이다 운영에 적합한 부표식에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 가장 먼저 적용된 선박형 부표식의 최적화 설계 및 검증 사례를 소개하고, 향후 다양한 플랫폼 개발의 기반이 될 중요한 개념을 도출하고자 한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2020

Thermal environment of city is getting worse due to severe urban heat island caused by climate change and urbanization. The cooling effect of street tree is regarded as a effective way to ameliorate the urban heat environment. The effect is largely made up of shadow formation and transpiration. This study aims to identify how the transpiration affects the discomfort index by analyzing comprehensive impact of the transpiration on the air temperature and relative humidity. The changes in the amount of transpiration, air temperature, and relative humidity were estimated for Seogyo-dong area which has a lot of floating population in Seoul, at 2 p.m. in dry day in July and August. On average, the transpiration of the street tree decreased the temperature 0.3℃ and increased the relative humidity 2.6% in an hour. As a result of these changes in temperature and humidity, the discomfort index rose mostly(0.036 on average). It was always get rise especially on the day when the discomfort index was above 80(0.05 on average). However, compared with the significant change in temperature and humidity, the variation of the discomfort index itself was very slight(up to 0.107). Therefore, the effect of transpiration by the street trees might not be effective in the planning to improve the thermal environment(especially on the day when the discomfort index is high). It is necessary to select the species of trees and planting location considering the cooling effect of shade formation synthetically.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.936-942
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• 2014

화석 연료의 고갈로 인해 신재생 에너지에 관한 관심이 날로 증가하고 있다. 그 중에서도 예측가능성이 높고 이용 가능한 양이 풍부한 파력에너지에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 부유체-균형추식 파력발전장치는 진동 타입과 비교해 구조 강도가 증진된 장치이며, 부유체의 포면에 웨이브 캠버라 불리우는 격벽을 설치하여 파도가 오직 상하운동만을 하도록 만들었다. 본 논문은 주로 병렬 연결된 파력 발전장치의 발전량에 중점을 두고, 그 발전량을 계산하였다. 그 결과, nl/L의 값이 증가할수록, 더 많은 전력량이 발생하고, nl/L=0.40 이상이 되었을 때, 상시 연속적인 발전량이 얻어진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구를 통해서, 실제 해역 조건에 유리한 유수실을 설계하는데 기본 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Recently, many research works on the icebreaking vessels have been published as the possibility of passing Arctic routes has been increasing. The model ship test on the pack ice model in the ice basin is actively carried out as a way to investigate the performance of icebreaking vessels. In this test, the concentration of pack ice is important since it directly affects the performance. However, it is difficult to measure the concentration because not only the pack ice has uneven shape but also it keeps floating around in the basin. In this paper, an algorithm to identify the concentration of pack ice is introduced. From a digital image of pack ice obtained in the ice basin, the goal is to measure the area of pack ice using an image processing technique. Instead of the general global binarization that yields numerical errors in this problem, a local binarization technique, coupled with image subdivision based on the quadtree structure, is developed. The concentration results obtained by the developed algorithm are compared with the manually measured data to prove its accuracy.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

As a new technical approach, wave energy converter by using vertical motion of water in the multiple water chambers were developed to realize actual wave power generation as eco-environmental renewable energy. And practical use of wave energy converter was actually to require the following conditions: (1) setting up of the relevant device and its application to wave power generation in case that severe wave loading is avoided; (2) workability in installation and maintenance operations; (3) high energy conversion potential; and (4) low cost. In this system, neither the wall(s) of the chambers nor the energy conversion device(s) are exposed to the impulsive load due to water wave. Also since this system is profitable when set along the jetty or along a long floating body, installation and maintenance are done without difficulty and the cost is reduced. In this paper, we describe the system which consists of a float, a shaft connected with another shaft, a rack and pinion arrangement, a ratchet mechanism, and rotary type generator(s). Then, we present the dynamics model for evaluating the output electric power, and the results of numerical calculation including the effect of the phase shift of up/down motion of the water in the array of water chambers aligned along the direction of wave propagation.