• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

최근 군수 산업, 해양수산업, 농업, 공업, 서비스 등의 거의 모든 산업 분야에서는 소형 무인항공기를 사람이 접근하기 힘들거나 CCTV가 설치되지 않은 영역에 대해 공중 촬영이나 근접 비행 등에 활용하고 있다. 또한 소형 무인기 촬영 정보를 토대로 감시나 통제, 또는 관리를 효율적으로 수행하기 위한 응용 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 일련의 설정된 작업을 부여하고 자동으로 그 임무를 수행하도록 하는 임무 기반 형태의 작업을 수행하기 위해서는 소형 무인항공기가 안정적으로 비행해야 할 뿐만 아니라 일정시간마다 에너지를 충전할 수 있어야 하며, 또한 무인항공기가 임무 종료 후에는 특정 지점에 자동으로 그리고 정밀하게 착륙해야 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해서는 소형 무인항공기 자체에서 촬영하는 동영상으로부터 착륙 지점에 설치되어 있는 마커를 탐지하고 인식하는 과정을 통해 착륙을 유도하는 자동 정밀 착륙 방법이 필요하며, 본 논문에서는 저가의 범용 소형 무인비행체를 사용함에 있어서 고 사양을 요구하는 다른 여러 가지 인식 기법들을 사용하지 않고 단순한 탬플릿 매칭 기법을 적용하여서도 정밀하고 안정된 자동 착륙이 가능함을 나타내고, 시뮬레이션과 실제 실험을 통해서 수 센티미터 이내의 오차를 보이는 정밀 착륙이 가능하며, 이는 산업 현장에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 보이고자 한다.

• 대기
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2024

Under the leadership of the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), the first domestic autonomous flight-type weather modification experimental drone for fog and lower-level cloud seeding was developed in 2021. This drone is designed based on a multi-copter configuration with a maximum takeoff weight of approximately 25 kg, enabling the installation of up to four burning flares for seeding materials and facilitating weather observations (temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind) as well as aerosol (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0) particle measurements. This research aims to introduce the construction of the drone and its recent applications over the past two years, providing insights into the experimental procedures, effectiveness verification, and improvement directions of the weather modification drone-based rain enhancement. In particular, partial confirmation of the experimental effects was obtained through the fog dissipation experiment on December 10, 2021, and the lower-level cloud seeding case study on October 5, 2022. To enhance the scope and rainfall amount of weather modification experiments using drones, various technological approaches, including adjustments to experimental altitude, seeding lines, seeding amount, and verification methods are necessary. Through this research, we aim to propose the development direction for weather modification drone technology, which will serve as foundational technology for practical application of domestic rain enhancement technology.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2024

With the advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology, aerial spraying has been rapidly increasing in the agricultural field. Drones offer many advantages compared to traditional applicators, but they pose challenges such as spray drift risk and spray uniformity. To address these issues, it is essential to understand the characteristics of complex airflow generated by drones and its consequences for the spray performance. This study aims to identify the air velocity distribution of drone downwash and the resulting spray deposition distribution on the ground, ultimately proposing optimized spraying widths and criteria. Experiments were conducted using two agricultural drones with different propeller arrangements under various flight and measurement conditions. The results showed that during hovering, the downward airflow affected the area within a distance of the radius of the blade (R) from the center of the drone. When the drone was flying, the downward airflow was effective up to a distance of 2R. Droplet deposition was concentrated at the center of the drone during hovering. However, during flying, the droplet deposition was more evenly distributed up to the distance of R. The drone downwash and droplet deposition were significantly different during flying compared to the hovering state. At an effective spray width of 3R, the coefficient of variation (CV) was generally less than 16%, indicating a significant improvement in spray uniformity. These findings help optimize effective spraying techniques in drone-based applications.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3068-3073
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• 2007

Aerodynamic forces and moments have been used to control rocket propelled vehicles. If control is required at very low speed, Those systems only provide a limited capability because aerodynamic control force is proportional to the air density and low dynamic pressure. But thrust vector control(TVC) can overcome the disadvantages. TVC is the method which generates the side force and roll moment by controlling exhausted gas directly in a rocket nozzle. TVC is classified by mechanical and fluid dynamic methods. Mechanical methods can change the flow direction by several objects installed in a rocket nozzle exhaust such as tapered ramp tabs and jet vane. Fluid dynamic methods control the flight direction with the injection of secondary gaseous flows into the rocket nozzle. The tapered ramp tabs of mechanical methods are used in this paper. They installed at the rear in the rocket nozzle could be freely moved along axial and radial direction on the mounting ring to provide the mass flow rate which is injected from the rocket nozzle. In this paper, the conceptual design and the performance study on the tapered ramp tabs of the thurst vector control has been carried out using the supersonic cold flow system and shadow graph. Numerical simulation was also performed to study flow characteristics and interactions between ramp tabs. This paper provides to analyze the location of normal shock wave and distribution of surface pressure on the region enclosed by the tapered ramp tabs.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

Flight vehicles such as wheel wells and bomb bays have many cavities. The flow around a cavity is characterized as an unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices brought by the interaction between the free stream shear layer and the internal flow of the cavity. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect the aerodynamic performance and stability of the vehicle. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed for the cavity flows using the unsteady compressible three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation with Wilcox's turbulence model. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelized code was used for the calculations by PC-cluster. The cavity has aspect ratios (L/D) of 5.5 ~ 7.5 with width ratios (W/D) of 2 ~ 4. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are 0.4 ~ 0.6 and $1.6{\times}10^6$, respectively. The occurrence of oscillation is observed in the "shear layer and transient mode" with a feedback mechanism. Based on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) analysis of the pressure variation at the cavity trailing edge, the dominant frequencies are analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter's formula. The dominant frequencies are very similar to the result of Rossiter's formula and other experimental datum in the low aspect ratio cavity (L/D = ~4.5). In the high aspect ratio cavity, however, there are other low dominant frequencies of the leading edge shear layer with the dominant frequencies of the feedback mechanism.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2011

예비설계 단계에서 콘 형 초음속 흡입구를 갖는 구조물에 장착된 세 개의 전압력센서와 두개의 정압력센서로 구성된 압력획득 장치를 이용하여 초고속 유동 상태에서 유동 데이터를 산출하기 위한 알고리즘 개발에 대하여 기술하였다. 개발 알고리즘으로부터 마하수, 받음각 및 사이드슬립각을 미리 정의된 테이블 데이터 및 내삽법(interpolation)을 적용하여 손쉽게 구할 수 있었다. 이 경우 가능한 마하수는 1.6에서 4.0, 받음각 및 사이드슬립각은 $-10^{\circ}$에서 10도 범위이다. 예비설계 단계에서 개발 알고리즘에 적용된 데이터 테이블은 Taylor-Maccoll 관계식으로부터 획득한 자료로 구성되었다. 금번에 제시된 알고리즘은 다양한 초음속 항공기 및 항공기 시험에 필요한 초음속 유동데이터 획득에 유용하게 적용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2020

본 논문은 2행정 피스톤 엔진 기반 발전기 및 배터리로 구성된 드론용 전기추진시스템 설계 과정에 대해 다룬다. 연구의 목적은 하이브리드 시스템의 높은 에너지 밀도를 이용하여 비행시간을 증가 시키고 화석연료 사용량을 줄임으로써 환경 변화에 대처함에 있다. 시스템은 6 kW의 출력을 생산할 수 있고, 엔진 RPM 제어를 통해 부하 요구에 맞는 출력 조절이 가능하다. 또한 배터리를 추가 장착함으로써 출력 보완재 역할 뿐만 아니라 비상시 제한된 시간 내 주 전력으로 사용할 수 있다. 또한 발전기를 엔진 크랭크축에 직접 연결함으로써 설계 복잡성을 줄여 동체 내 공간 활용성을 증대 시켰다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2014

This article describes a path planning algorithm for fixed-wing UAVs when a real terrain should be considered. Nowadays, many UAVs are required to perform mission flights near given terrain for surveillance, reconnaissance, and infiltration, as well as flight altitude of many UAVs are relatively lower than typical manned aerial vehicles. Therefore, real terrain should be considered in path planning algorithms of fixed-wing UAVs. In this research, we have extended a spline-$RRT^*$ algorithm to three-dimensional planner. The spline-$RRT^*$ algorithm is a $RRT^*$ based algorithm, and it takes spline method to extend the tree structure over the workspace to generate smooth paths without any post-processing. Direction continuity of the resulting path is guaranteed via this spline technique, and it is essential factor for the paths of fixed-wing UAVs. The proposed algorithm confirm collision check during the tree structure extension, so that generated path is both geometrically and dynamically feasible in addition to direction continuity. To decrease degrees of freedom of a random configuration, we designed a function assigning directions to nodes of the graph. As a result, it increases the execution speed of the algorithm efficiently. In order to investigate the performance of the proposed planning algorithm, several simulations are performed under real terrain environment. Simulation results show that this proposed algorithm can be utilized effectively to path planning applications considering real terrain.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

Flight vehicles such as wheel wells and bomb bays have many cavities. The flow around a cavity is characterized as an unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices brought about by the interaction between the free stream shear layer and the internal flow of the cavity. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect the aerodynamic performance and stability of the vehicle. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed for the cavity flows using the unsteady compressible three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation with Wilcox's turbulence model. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelized code was used for the calculations by PC-cluster. The cavity has aspect ratios (L/D) of 2.5 ~ 7.5 with width ratios (W/D) of 2 ~ 4. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are 0.4 ~ 0.6 and $1.6{\times}106$, respectively. The occurrence of oscillation is observed in the "shear layer and transient mode" with a feedback mechanism. Based on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) analysis of the pressure variation at the cavity trailing edge, the dominant frequencies are analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter's formula. The dominant frequencies are very similar to the result of Rossiter's formula and other experimental data in the low aspect ratio cavity (L/D = ~ 4.5). In the large aspect ratio cavity, however, there are other low dominant frequencies due to the leading edge shear layer with the dominant frequencies of the feedback mechanism. The characteristics of the acoustic wave propagation are analyzed using the Correlation of Pressure Distribution (CPD).

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.966-978
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• 2011

분출냉각은 높은 압력과 온도의 가혹한 환경에서 운용되는 고성능 액체로켓과 공기흡입엔진을 위한 가장 효과적인 냉각방법이다. 분출냉각이 적용되는 경우, 연소기 라이너와 터빈 블레이드/베인은 다공질 벽면을 통과하는 냉각재(공기 또는 연료)뿐만 아니라 차단막으로 작용하는 벽면을 빠져나온 냉각재에 의해 냉각된다. 이러한 냉각기술의 실용화는 가용한 다공질 재료의 부재로 인해 제한을 받아왔다. 그러나 금속결합 기술의 발전으로 확산접합과 식각된 얇은 금속판으로 제작한 Lamilloy$^{(R)}$와 같은 다층 기공 구조물이 개발되었다. 그리고 또한 경량 세라믹 매트릭스 복합재료가 개발됨에 따라 분출냉각은 근래 고성능 엔진 냉각을 위한 유망 기술로 여겨지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 분출냉각의 최근 연구동향 및 가스터빈, 액체로켓 및 극초음속 비행체 엔진에 이의 적용사례를 고찰하였다.