• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of exercise-induced fatigue of the plantar flexor muscle in the dominant ankle on the plantar flexor strength and postural control function of the contra-lateral side. Methods: Twenty-one young adults (male: 10, female: 11) volunteered to participate in this study. An exercise-induced fatigue protocol to induce fatigue was performed in the plantar flexor of the dominant ankle. For the fatigue protocol, the participants were instructed to raise their heels as high as possible in the position with one leg stance of the dominant lower limb, and the heel was then downed after holding for 1 second. The muscle strength of the contra-lateral plantar flexor was measured using a digital muscle strength test device, and the static and dynamic postural control were tested by acquiring the center of gravity velocity while performing one leg standing. A paired t-test was used to identify the differences between the pre- and post, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software. Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-test data revealed a significant difference in the plantar flexor strength and dynamic postural control after exercise-induced muscle fatigue in the dominant side. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the static postural control. Conclusion: These findings have practical implications, suggesting that unilateral muscle fatigue affects the ankle muscle strength and postural ability of the contralateral side.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the activity of the shoulder flexor and extensor when hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with shoulder joint flexion. Methods: The subjects of this study were 15 healthy women. With the shoulder joint flexion at $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied for the same submaximal resistance to measure the activities of the deltoid muscle anterior fiber, deltoid muscle posterior fiber, pectoralis major fiber, and latissimus dorsi muscle with surface electromyography. An independent t-test was conducted in order to compare activities of each muscle according to the two techniques. Results: When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexion at $0^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the flexor was higher when the contraction-relax technique was applied than when the hold-relax technique was applied. When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexed at $90^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the extensor was relatively higher than when the flexor was at $0^{\circ}$ Conclusion: When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexion at $0^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the flexor was higher when the contraction-relax technique was applied than when the hold-relax technique was applied. When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexed at $90^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the extensor was relatively higher than when the flexor was at $0^{\circ}$.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.835-838
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• 2010

Purpose: Reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the distal lower leg, especially in the distal third, largely depends on free tissue transfer and local fasciocutaneous flaps. But several local muscle flaps have also been proposed as useful alternative reconstructive manner. In this report, the authors present the successful use of the flexor digitorum longus muscle flaps in the distal lower leg reconstruction. Methods: Case 1: An 81-year-old woman with a dog bite wound in the left distal lower leg was admitted. She had a $10{\times}8\;cm$ wound with tibial exposure along the medial aspect of the leg. Soft tissue reconstruction with a flexor digitorum longus muscle flap and a split-thickness skin graft was performed. Case 2: A 77-year-old woman had a squamous cell carcinoma in the right distal lower leg. After wide excision, a $5{\times}4\;cm$ wound was developed with exposure of the tibia. The flexor digitorum longus muscle flap was transposed and covered with a split-thickness skin graft. Results: The flexor digitorum longus muscle flaps were shown to be useful to cover tibial defects in the distal lower leg. During the follow-up period, no significant donor site morbidity was found. Conclusion: The flexor digitorum longus muscle flap can be used to cover the exposed distal tibia, especially when a free tissue transfer is not an option. The relative ease of dissection and minimal functional deficits were the major advantages of this flap, while the extent of reach into the lower third has a limitation.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was investigate The correlations between the Balance and the knee muscle power and the ankle muscle power. Methods : This studied selected 9cases of the healthy persons. Each measure of muscle power used Bio-dex pro-3. Balance measure was used balance-meter the ability to measure Ant-post, lateral, overall balance. Result : 1. Knee flexor and extensor causes ankles that plantar flexion strength and high correlation r= .745, r= .825 have, Ankle dorsi flexor strength and a bit of correlation r= .249, r= .221) have. 2. Ankle plantar flexor strength and overall balance and correlation was the r= .204, Ankle dorsi flexor strength and lat. balance and correlation was the r= .314. 3. Knee extensor strength and overall balance and correlation was the r=.212.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.401-403
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• 2023

This case report describes a variation of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) with a separated muscle belly and tendon at the fifth toe. The narrow tendon and muscle belly for the fifth toe arose from the intermuscular septum between the FDB and abductor digiti minimi adjacent to the arising fibers of the FDB, separating from its other fibers. The tendon and muscle belly for the fifth toe became wider at the base of the metatarsal bones and narrower as it coursed toward the toes in a fusiform shape. The tendon and muscle belly for the fifth toe became thin at the midfoot and coursed just beneath the flexor digitorum longus tendon and entered the digital tendinous sheath. FDB variations including that described herein should be considered when performing various surgical procedures and evaluating the biomechanics of the foot.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2019

본 연구는 초등학교 야구선수에 상지 근력과 배트 스윙 속도 간의 상관관계 분석을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상자 32명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 상지 근력은 양쪽 어깨 관절에 폄근 굽힘근 모음근 벌림근, 양쪽 팔꿉관절에 폄근 굽힘근의 근력과 배트 스윙 속도를 측정하였다. 상지 근력과 배트 스윙 속도의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 pearson's cerrelation analysis를 사용하여 분석하였다. 우세 측 상지 근력과 배트 스윙 속도 간의 상관관계에서는 어깨 관절 모음근, 어깨 관절 벌림근, 팔꿉 관절 굽힘근, 그리고 어깨 관절 굽힘근 순으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 비 우세측 상지 근력과 배트 스윙 속도 간의 상관관계에서는 어깨 관절 모음근, 팔꿉 관절 굽힘근, 어깨 관절 벌림근, 어깨 관절 폄근, 팔꿉 관절 폄근 그리고 어깨 관절 굽힘근 순으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 상지근력이 강할수록 배트 스윙 속도가 증가하는 양의 상관관계를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Purpose: This paper proposes proper and effective neck exercises by comparing the deep and superficial cervical flexor muscle activities and thickness according to the pressure level during cranio-cervical flexion exercises between a normal posture group and forward head posture group. Methods: A total of 20 subjects (8 males and 12 females) without neck pain and disabilities were selected. The subjects' craniovertebral angles were measured; they were divided into a normal posture and a forward head posture group. During cranio-cervical flexion exercises, the thickness of the deep cervical flexor neck muscle and the activity of the surface neck muscles were measured using ultrasound and EMG. Results: The results showed that the thickening of the deep cervical flexor was increased significantly to 28 and 30 mmHg in the forward head posture group. The sternocleidomastoid muscle activity increased significantly to 24, 26, 28, and 30 mmHg in the forward head posture group. The anterior scalene muscle activity increased significantly to 26, 28, and 30mmHg in the forward head posture group. A significant difference of 26, 28, and 30 mmHg in the sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscles was observed between two groups. Conclusion: To prevent a forward head posture and maintain proper cervical curve alignment, the use of the superficial cervical flexor muscles must be minimized. In addition, to perform a cranio-cervical flexion exercises to effectively activate the deep cervical flexor muscles, 28 and 30 mmHg for normal posture adults and 28 mmHg for adults with forward head postures are recommended.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to determine the normative strength value for cervical flexors, extensors and right lateral flexors, left lateral flexors to provide a guideline for rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy patients. The isometric evaluation of cervical flexors, extensors and lateral flexors by using the Hand-held dynamometer was performed on 50 males and 50 females. The result were as follows. The average cervical muscle strength were 5.7 kg in flexor. 10.5 kg in extensors, and 6.6 kg in right lateral flexor, 6.5 kg in left lateral flexor. There was statistically significant difference between the cervical flexors and extensors(p<0.01) but no significant difference between right lateral flexor and left lateral flexor. There was statistically significant difference between male and female(p<0.01). When one of cervical muscle was strong, also the others did in subjects(p<0.01) and the body weight was significantly releated to the cervical muscle strength(p<0.01).

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Purpose : The aim of this study was to compare the muscle activities of thumb and wrist during unimanual, bimanual symmetric and bimanual reciprocal movements using surface electromyography. Method : Thirty-six participants were involved in this study. Two blocks were used to perform unimanual, bimanual symmetric and bimanual reciprocal movements of thumb and wrist. Muscle activities in the flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, extensor carpi radialis and flexor carpi radialis were measured using an surface EMG system. Result : For the flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis, significant difference in the muscle activity were found among the unimanual, bimanual symmetric and bimanual reciprocal movement. For the extensor carpi radialis and flexor carpi radialis, the unimanual movement significantly different from the bimanual symmetric and reciprocal movements. Conclusion : Both the thumb and wrist, bimanual symmetric and reciprocal movements were more efficient than the unimanual movement. Moreover, with regard to the thumb, the bimanual reciprocal movement was more efficient than the bimanual symmetric movement.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the thickness of Sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) and deep cervical flexor muscle(DCF) through CranioCervical Flexion Exercise(CCFEx) Using Sling. METHODS: Subjects were randomly allocated two group: control group (n=21) without neck pain, experimental group (n=17) with pain. Muscle thickness was measured using CranioCervical Flexion Test(CCFT) and ultrasonography before or after intervention. RESULTS: In experimental group, compared with muscle thickness of exercise before, SCM thickness rate of change was slightly decreased according to pressure increased after exercise(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that CCFEx using sling is effective for SCM and DCF of choric neck pain patients.