• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on the flexibility of the hamstring, dynamic balance ability, and function of the lower extremities in healthy adults. Methods: Thirty participants were assigned randomly to three groups: static stretching group (SSG), basic dynamic stretching group (BDSG), and 5 sec dynamic stretching group (5DSG). SSG performed three sets of 30 seconds of static stretching. BDSG performed a single-leg deadlift (SLD) at the same time as SSG, and 5DSG performed SLD held for five seconds. Hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance ability, and lower extremity function were evaluated before and after intervention. Results: The hamstring flexibility significantly improved in all groups (p<0.05). The dynamic balance ability improved significantly after intervention in all groups except BDSG in the anterior direction (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the posterolateral and posteromedial direction in all groups. The function of the lower extremity showed significant improvement over time only in BDSG (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that basic dynamic stretching and 5 sec dynamic stretching positively affect the hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance ability, and lower extremity function. Therefore, it is recommended to include dynamic stretching in a program for improving the hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance ability, and the lower extremity function. In addition, it is recommended to apply it at different times depending on the purpose.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2017

Background: Abdominal bracing exercise (ABE) and abdominal hollowing exercise (AHE) improve the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function in various patients, yet the efficacy of ABE or AHE have not yet been evaluated. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function during both ABE and AHE in healthy adults. Methods: The study included 40 healthy adults, who were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group, each with 20 subjects. All subjects performed ABE (experimental group) and AHE (control group). The lumbar flexibility such as trunk flexion test (sitting and standing position) and schober test and pulmonary function such as the spirometer including forced vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) and chest circumference measurement (middle and lower chest) were measured, respectively. Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function, respectively. Results: No significant effects of lumbar flexibility were observed on trunk flexion test from the sitting position (P=.478) and standing position (P=.096) in the ABE than in the AHE. However, the length of ABE was longer significantly than it of AHE (P=.024). No significant effects of lung function were observed on the FVC (P=.410) and $FEV_1$ (P=.072) in the ABE group than in the AHE group. And also, no significant effects of chest circumference measurement were observed on the inspiration (P=.468) and expiration (P=.563) in middle chest circumference and inspiration (P=.104) and expiration (P=.346) in lower chest circumference. Conclusion: This study indicated that the ABE is only more effective in lumbar flexibility by lumbar length difference than AHE in healthy adults.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a simultaneous dual-task and horse-riding simulator (HRS) training regime on pulmonary function and flexibility. Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a dual-task (DT) (n=8) or a single-task (ST) (n=8) training group. Flexibility and pulmonary function were assessed before and after HRS training. Both groups underwent HRS training for 4 weeks, 3 times/week in 15-minute training sessions. The ST group underwent HRS training and the DT group underwent dual-task HRS training, which consisted of throwing and catching a ball and ring catching while HRS training. Results: Training significantly increased flexibility and FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) in both groups (p<0.05), but FEV1/FVC and PEF (peak expiratory flow) were not significantly different after training in both groups (p>0.05). After the training, flexibility and FVC in the DT group were significantly greater than in the ST group (p<0.05), but FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous dual-task and HRS motor training improved flexibility, FVC, and FEV1, and our comparative analysis suggests that dual-task HRS training improved flexibility and FVC more than single-task training.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.278-294
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• 1999

The PACE (People nth Arthritis Can Exercise) is an exercise program developed by the Arthritis Foundation to improve muscle strength and joint flexibility for patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of PACE program on self-efficacy, pain, and joint function in the Korean immigrant elderly. The PACE program was held twice a week for 6 weeks for Korean immigrant elderly who had osteoarthritis. Twenty four subjects completed the program, who were recruited in two places : 10 elderly in a senior residential apartment, and 14 elderly in a senior center supported by Congregated Meal Program for Korean Elderly. Self-efficacy(Sherer et al., 1982), pain severity(by using Visual Analogue Scale), and number of painful joints were measured before and after the PACE program. To examine the joint flexibility and strengthening, the followings were measured : the extent of the upward arm reach in both sides(flexibility of shoulder), the ability to touch fingertips of the both hands in back pat and rub(flexibility of arm), the degree of range of motion(ROM) of both ankles in their dorsiflexion(flexibility of ankle) and plantarflexion with standing with toe(strengthening of ankle), and the degree of knee extension. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysis and the significance of the differences in the variables was examined to compare the data obtained before and after the PACE program. After the PACE, followings were found : 1. Self-efficacy was significantly increased. 2. Pain severity and number of painful Joints was significantly decreased. 3. The flexibility of both shoulders and arms were significantly improved, but the flexibility of knee was not changed. 4. The flexibility and strengthening of both ankle was significantly improved. In conclusion, PACE was clearly proved to be an effective exercise program to promote self-efficacy, to reduce pain, and to enhance joint function in the elderly with osteoarthritis. It is suggested that the PACE program should be recommended as one of the useful and appropriate nursing interventions for elderly with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2000

This paper proposes a V-shaped Lyapunov function approach for the model-based control of flexible-joint robots, in which a new model-based nonlinear control scheme is designed based on a V-shaped Lyapunov function. The proposed control guarantees global asymptotic stability for link trajectory control while keeping all internal signals bounded. Since joint flexibility is used as a control parameter, the proposed control is not restricted by the degree of joint flexibility and be applied to flexibility-joint, partly-flexibility, or rigid-joint robots without modification. the effectiveness of the proposed control has been by computer simulation.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제12A권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

최근 산업 프로세스의 제어 및 모니터링 분야에서 컴퓨터의 사용이 급증하고 있다. 이와 같은 자동차 기어 및 엔진 제어, 항공기 이착륙/운항 제어, 통신 네트워크 등과 같은 응용분야에서 사용되고 있는 컴퓨터는 시간 임계 제어 및 모니터 기능과 시간에 제한적이지 않은 일괄 프로세싱으로 구분된다. 실시간 제어시스템 또는 임베디드 시스템은 컴퓨터 시스템에서 특정한 역학을 수행하는 다양한 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 요소로 구성되어 있다. 실시간 시스템이 시간적 제약조건을 만족하지 못하면 시스템의 오동작이 발생할 수 있으며, 인명 손상과 같은 큰 재앙이 발생할 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 시스템의 수행은 예측 가능해야 한다. 실시간 임베디드 시스템은 아키텍처 선계 단계에서의 결정이 시스템의 구현과 성능에 매우 큰 영향을 미친다. 유연성이란 실시간 시스템 환경에서 작업 타이밍에 대한 장애를 유연하게 처리할 수 있는 시스템의 처리 능력을 나타낸다. 이 요소는 시스템의 수행비용과 성능을 분석하는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 실시간 임베디드 시스템의 구조를 설계 할 때 효율적인 분석을 위하여 유연성 함수를 정의한다. 본 연구를 통하여 실시간 시스템의 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어를 분할할 때 속성과 제약온 분석할 수 있는데, 제약의 측면에서 보면 유연성 문제를 해결 할 수 있고, 속성의 측면에서 보면 시스템 모델 및 유연성과 다른 속성들(비용, 전력소비량 등)과의 상호관계 분석 등을 효율적으로 분석할 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.372-386
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• 1996

Recently, the ratio of elderly in the population are fast growing due to socio-economical development and the better medical service. Proportionally, the health problems in elderly are increasing, too. Medical professionals must try so that the elderly have the better life through health promotion and disease prevention as well as disease treatment. This study evaluated the effect of walking exercise program on the cardiorespiratory function and the flexibility in the elderly women. The design of research was one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were eleven elderly women over sixty years old to live in K-city, Kyonggi-do. The type of exercise was walking, which was the most popular exercise in questionnaire. The exercise intensity was 40％∼60％ of the target heart-rate by Karvonen's method and maintained by the heart-rate monitor. The exercise period was five weeks and the exercise frequency was three times per week. The exercise duration was forty minutes at first and gradually increased up to an hour. In order to evaluate the effect of walking exercise, we measured VO/sub₂ max, resting heart -rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, FVC, FEV/sub₁, the flexibility before and after the five week's exercise program. The data are analyzed by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test using SAS package. The results are as follows : 1) The hypothesis that cardiorespiratory function will be improved was partly supported. In VO/sub₂ max（p＝0.0001）, resting heart-rate（p＝0.0030）, systolic/diastolic blood-pressure（p＝0.0387／ p＝0.0024）, there was significant difference. FVC and FEV/sub₁ were increased after the exercise, but there were no significant difference. 2) The hypothesis that the flexibility will be improved was supported. There was significant difference in the flexibility（p＝0.0140）. As the further study, it is necessary to reevaluate the effect with more refined design. We also need to try meta-analysis about the results of previous studies obtained in the experimental setting and compare our result obtained in the field setting with them.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of BeHaS exercise program on the upper body function(muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility) in middle-aged women. Method: Middle-aged women were recruited in the community the study was conducted from August 2005 to December 2005. Twenty-two experimental subjects were selected from P area, eighteen control subjects were selected from A area. The experimental group carried out the program two times a week for 12 weeks. Muscle strength(grip strength, pinch strength), muscle endurance (push-up), flexibility were measured. Data were analyzed with $x^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 11.5. Results: 1) Left grip strength and right pinch strength of the experimental group were significant differences after the BeHaS exercise program. 2)Muscle endurance of the experimental group(t=3.14, p=0.015) was significant difference after the BeHaS exercise program. 3) Left and right flexibility showed no significant differences after the BeHaS exercise program. Conclusion: The results suggest that BeHaS exercise program would partially improve upper body function of middle-aged women. Further studies are necessary in order to determine the effects of flexibility after BeHaS exercise program.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2016

본 연구는 Chauvat의 그래프 사용 모드에 근거하여 고등학교 1학년 학생의 이차함수 문제해결에서 나타나는 그래프 표상의 사용 모드를 분석하고자 한다. 이 분석으로부터 Bannister (2014)의 표상의 유연성을 통해 연구 참여 학생들의 이차함수 이해 정도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 고등학교 1학년 학생들이 주로 사용하는 그래프 표상 모드는 계산 도표학적 모드이며, 조작적 모드를 사용할 경우에는 오류를 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 함수의 이해를 대상과 과정 관점에서 표상의 사용으로 분류한 Bannister(2014)의 유연성의 분류에서는 과정 관점으로 함수를 이해하고 두 표상 사이에 조작이 일어나지 않는 경직된 형태를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교실에서 학생들을 위한 그래프 표상 사용에 대한 교육 및 다양한 관점으로 함수를 이해할 수 있는 교수 -학습 방법에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권51호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1999

Many firms have applied flexible manufacturing systems as a means of increasing productivity, profitability, and quality. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop the more efficient justification model through an analytical scoring model with the quantitative factors, flexibility factors, and safety factors under uncertainty. In this paper, the three factors for properly comparing and evaluating of flexible manufacturing systems are presented. Especially, this paper has emphasized the flexibility and safety factor; the one consists of organization assessment, process treatment function, products and products quantity, useful life assesment, and software function, the other presents risk assesment, Y2K problem, safety device analysis, total productive management system, safety management. Finally, a normalized scoring model by the new flexibility and safety factors can be used in real fields for flexible manufacturing systems project selection under uncertainty.