• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2015.10a
• /
• pp.537-539
• /
• 2015

considerate operation is a major issue in the equipment-intensive operation. Identifying an optimal equipment combination is important to achieve low-energy operations. An Earthwork operation planning system, which measures the energy consumption of construction operations by taking into account construction equipments' engineering attributes (e.g., weight, capacity, energy consumption rate, etc.) and operation conditions (e.g., road condition, attributes of materials to be moved, geometric information, etc.), is essential to achieve the low-energy consumption. This study develops an automated computerized system which identifies an optimal earthmoving equipment fleet minimizing the energy consumption. The system imports a standard template of earthmoving operation model and compares numerous scenarios using alternative equipment allocation plans. It finds the fleet that minimizes the energy consumption by enumerating all cases using sensitivity analysis. A case study is presented to verify the validity of the system.

• Journal of Korea Fishing Vessel Association
• /
• v.43
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1990

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2003

Exhaust emissions were characterized for a fleet of 10 alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVx) including 5 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. 3 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles and 2 85% methanol/15% California Phase 2 gasoline (M85) vehicles. In addition to the standard regulated emissions and detailed speciation of organic gas compounds, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure ammonia (NH$_3$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2$O) emissions. NH$_3$, emissions averaged 0.124 g/mi for the vehicle fleet with a range from <0.004 to 0.540 g/mi. $N_2$O emissions averaged 0.022 g/mi over the vehicle fleet with range from <0.002 to 0.077 g/mi. Modal emissions showed that both NH$_3$, and $N_2$O emissions began during catalyst light-off and continued as the catalyst reached its operating temperature. $N_2$O emissions primarily were formed during the initial stages of catalyst light-off. Detailed speciation measurements showed that the principal component of the fuel was also the primary organic gas species found in the exhaust. In particular, methane, propane and methanol composed on average 93%, 79%, and 75% of the organic gas emissions, respectively, for the CNG, LPG. and M85 vehicles.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a web-based business management system to ensure the efficient operation and transparent management of government-subsidized agricultural machinery rental businesses. Methods: An MS_SQL2000 database management system (DBMS) solution was utilized in the system for high system compatibility and integrated management. This system was targeted to be compatible with Internet Explorer 6.0 or later and to ensure security and seamless web operations. The system administrator is able to manage a fleet of agricultural machinery, including various inventory codes, release and return, fleet registry, and business performance. Users (farmers) may search the database of rental machinery and reserve them. Results: With respect to rental reservations, the system administrator can manage the fleet by setting the rental status to Approved, Released, or Returned. Through the web, the administrator can also create a database that includes machinery specifications, features, and rental rates. In addition, business performance data can be analyzed using a diverse array of tools to streamline the rental business. Without having to go to the rental office, users can save time and money by searching for and renting agricultural machinery through the information available on the website, including availability, specifications, and rental fees. After deploying the system, the time required to analyze monthly performance and create reports was dramatically reduced from 20 days per person to one day per person. Conclusions: Since 2014, AMRB has been installed and is operating in agricultural machinery rental businesses in 31 cities and counties in South Korea. This study recommends continued expansion and dissemination of AMRB for the systematic and efficient management of agricultural machinery rental businesses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.621-628
• /
• 2013

It is already recognized, the fleet crew of Korean Coast Guard(KCG) have come to perform a wide range of roles that they carry on duties on inferior working conditions. Therefore a research on leadership is seemed necessary to improve organizational effectiveness for them. This study is to examine whether leadership style with transformation is appropriate in organizational commitment for the fleet crew of KCG. In this study transformational leadership is fixed as independent variables and organizational commitment as dependent variables and also five factors as demographic characteristics. Intellectual stimulation is turned out to be the most influential factor in organizational objective(t=6.664, p=0.000) and continuance commitment(t=4.057, p=0.000), but individualized consideration are uninfluential factors concerning organizational commitment.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.42
• /
• pp.258-292
• /
• 2017

This paper is designed to make a national strategic concept for the ROK's maritime security and to explore cooperation directions for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in order to implement the newly-made maritime security strategic concept. As strategy is composed of three main categories(goals, ways, means), the goal of the ROK's maritime security strategy is 'Safe and Affluent Sea' and the way to realize the goal is the principle of cooperative leverage, and the means as tasks to implement the strategic concept are maritime safety, maritime security, and maritime stewardship. The concept of national fleet as used in the US is applied to promoting the cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard. Thus, under the newly-established maritime security strategic concept along with the national fleet model, followings are suggested as policy proposals for facilitating mutual cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in dealing with not only traditional threats but also non-traditional treats at sea and from the sea as well. First, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard has been making efforts to enhance interoperability between the two sea services. However, the mutual cooperations have been focused mainly on areas on operational level rather than policy level. Therefore, the two sea services are recommended to enlarge exchanges and cooperation in policy areas. Second, there are still demands for further cooperation areas between the two sea services in command and communications. The interoperability in C2 between the two needs to be upgraded even to the areas of anti-terrorist activities ar sea, ASUW, ASW, maritime interdiction, etc. Third, mutual comparability between the two needs to be reflected in the maritime forces development to ensure the comparability in UNREP and other logistics areas. Fourth, the standardization of logistical materials and equipments is needed as a way of sustaining operational capability and logistical capacity for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard as well. Fifth, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard are recommended to participate more actively in international maritime cooperation activities such as PASSEX. Sixth, Complementary laws and regulations need further to be revised and to be newly made for collectively managing swiftly maritime accidents and natural disasters at sea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2013

The fleet crew of Korea Coast Guard(KCG) have a wide range of roles to perform. It is already recognized that they carry dutie in inferior working conditions. Therefore, a research on leadership that concerns organizational effectiveness seemed necessary for them. This study examines whether transformational leadership style is appropriate in job satisfaction for the fleet crew of KCG. This study also proves the effect of a leadership style on job satisfaction by suggesting a hypothesis from preceding studies. In this study transformational leadership is fixed as independent variables and job satisfaction as dependent variables and six factors as demographic characteristics. It is found that Intellectual stimulation is the most influential factor, but individualized consideration is an uninfluential factor concerning job satisfaction.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.647-653
• /
• 2013

Energy acquisition due to the increase of oil price is one of the most important issues and policy for most countries. Various tankers have been built in the world and sent to the trade market. It is necessary to build the port infrastructure and facilities to give them proper services such as mooring, packing, storing, and transshipment, etc. However, the domestic guidelines or standards for design and construction for the dolphin berth among these facilities are out of date and do not meet the recent trend of tanker types. Therefore, it requires amendment on the guidelines or standards. In this study, a detailed analysis of the tanker fleet, covering 8,000 ships under operation and order to build, is made to estimate the proper PBL(Parallel Body Length) of each tanker class. After discussion and comparison on the dolphin berth design and construction codes of various countries, those are the leading countries of tanker operation and management, suggestion was made to amend on the design code. The referred codes are of Korea, Japan, UK, USA, and Canada. The analysis of tanker fleet shows the PBL as 0.45L under the normal ballast condition. In order to verify the deduced amendment on the domestic design code for dolphin berth, it was selected one of the domestic dolphin berth, located at the Yeosu oil terminal, which is almost completed to construct. The design criteria and expected tankers to moor in that terminal were analyzed and the appropriateness and countermeasure for deficiency were summarized.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.385-391
• /
• 2022

In this study, a multivariate time series analysis was conducted to identify various variables that impact ocean freight rates in addition to supply and demand factors. First, we used the ClarkSea Index, Clarksons Average Bulker Earnings, and Clarksons Average Tanker Earnings provided by the Shipping Intelligence as substitute variables for the dependent variable, ocean freight. The following ndependent variables were selected: World Seaborne Trade, World Fleet, Brent Crude Oil Price, World GDP Growth Rate, Industrial Production (IP OECD) Growth Rate, Interest Rate (US$ LIBOR 6 Months), and Inflation (CP I OECD) through previous studies. The time series data comprise annual data (1992-2020), and a regression analysis was conducted. Results of the regression analysis show that the World Seaborne Trade and Brent Crude Oil P rice impacted the ClarkSea Index. Only the World Seaborne Dry Bulk Trade impacted the Clarksons Average Bulker Earnings, World Seaborne Oil Trade, Brent Crude Oil Price, IP, and CP I on the Clarksons Average Tanker Earnings.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2022

Scientific and technological progress is also fundamental to the evolving merchant shipping industry, both in terms of the size and speed of modern ships and in the level of their technical capabilities. While the freight performance of ships is growing, the number of crew on board is steadily decreasing, as more work processes are being automated through the implementation of information technologies, including ship management systems. Although there have been repeated appeals from international maritime organizations to focus on building effective maritime security defenses against cyber attacks, the problems have remained unresolved. Owners of shipping companies do not disclose information about cyberattack attempts or incidents against them due to fear of commercial losses or consequences, such as loss of image, customer and insurance claims, and investigations by independent international organizations and government agencies. Issues of cybersecurity of control systems in the world today have gained importance, due to the fact that existing threats concern not only the security of technical means and devices, but also issues of environmental safety and safety of life at sea. The article examines the implementation of cyber risk management in the shipping industry, providing recommendations for the safe ship operation and its systems in order to improve vulnerability to external threats related to cyberattacks, and to ensure the safety and security of such a technical object as a seagoing ship.