• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1320-1326
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• 2018

This study investigated the antioxidant and neuronal cell protective effects of activity of water and 70% ethanol extracts from Stachys sieboldii Miq. according to different drying method(hot air drying and freeze-drying). The total flavonoid and total polyphenol content in water extracts was significantly higher after freeze-drying compared to hot air drying(p<0.05). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of water extract were significantly higher after free-drying compared to hot air drying(p<0.05). In a cell viability using MTT, the water extract according to hot air drying and freeze-drying of Stachys sieboldii Miq. showed protective effect against H2O2-induced nurotoxicity. The results suggest that the water extracts of Stachys sieboldii Miq. after freeze-drying has antioxidant activities and may be useful for neurodegenerative disorders.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2015

Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) has been used in various fields including dietary supplements as it contains a high protein content and large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, it has some pigments such as phycocyanin, myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin and thus has been used as a food additive and antioxidant substance. Nano-bubble hydrogen is to dissolve more than the saturation solubility in water by injecting the hydrogen gas in the nano-bubble hydrogen water. The nano-bubbles are known to possess higher antioxidant properties in addition to anticancer effects. In this paper, Arthrospira platensis was cultured in both a normal medium with distilled water and nano-bubble hydrogen water medium and their properties were compared. The cell growth and the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in the nano-bubble hydrogen water was 15% higher than that of the control. The level of phycocyanin in nano-bubble hydrogen water was also 7% higher than that of the control. However, there were little differences in the lipid content between the nano-bubble and control. To determine the content of the antioxidants, the level of flavonoid and polyphenol were measured. The level of flavonoid in nano-bubble hydrogen water was found to be more than 70% increased when comparing to that of the control, while the level of polyphenol was similar to each other.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.254-262
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• 2018

It was intended to check a possibility of activity of Psidium guajava leaf extract as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory material. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid content of Psidium guajava leaf extract was checked. Cream having inhibitory effect on inflammation through toxicity and NO production inhibition in RAW 264.7 cell was manufactured, and skin safety was evaluated. It was confirmen that total polyphenol and flavonoid content of Psidium guajava leaf extract was 126.4 mg/g and 223.17 mg/g respectively, which was high content. According to the results of checking toxicity through cell viability in RAW 264.7 cell, cytotoxicity was not shown. And NO production indicating inflammatory disease was inhibited concentration-dependently. According to the results of carrying out single patch test after manufacturing the cream containing the Psidium guajava leaf extract, skin irritation did not occur for 24 h to put patch on skin or for 24 h after removing the patch. Putting these results together, it was verified that there was possibility of application as raw materials for cosmetics, which would have anti-oxidant activity owing to the high polyphenol and flavonoid content of Psidium guajava leaf extract and anti-inflammatory material through NO production inhibition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.642-648
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the capsaicinoid and antioxidant compounds and to evaluate the biological activity of 40 different pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) breeding lines. Capsaicinoid and ascorbic acid content were measured with HPLC. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were measured with spectrophotometric methods. The antiproliferative qualities of the samples against human breast tumor cells (MCF7) were assessed with a MTT assay. The nitric oxide content in the culture media was measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory qualities of the samples using Raw264.7 macrophages. The capsaicinoid, ascorbic acid, polyphenolic and flavonoid content of the 40 pepper breeding lines were 0.1~204.2 mg/100 g (dry weight basis, DWB), 279.1~1695.5 mg/g (DWB), 2.6~10.2 mg/g (DWB), and 1.4~5.7 mg/g (DWB), respectively. The highest antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory qualities were found in breeding line numbers 2500, 3201, and 3232, respectively. This study provides basic information useful to plant breeders and biotechnologists who are planning to breed pepper genotypes with high phytochemical content.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.661-668
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• 2011

This study was conducted in order to determine the optimum conditions for the production of fermented grapefruit extract showing high cell growth, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content. Five lactic acid bacterial strains - Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3104, Lactobacillus brevis KCTC3102, Weisella cibaria KCTC3746, Leuconostoc citreum KCTC3526 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC3505 - were evaluated first in order to determine the optimum strain able to grow with high efficiency on grapefruit as a substrate and possesses higher antioxidant activity and flavonoids content. Among these strains, L. mesenteroides KCTC3505 was selected as a starter culture. To estimate the available or effective content of grapefruit in basal medium, the effects of 30%, 50%, and 70% grapefruit contents on the performance of fermentation were tested, and it was found that grapefruit can be added at 70% levels to medium. In this study, three factors of fermentation conditions - incubation time, sucrose, and glucose contents - were evaluated for their effects on fermentation performance. Taguchi experiment design was employed and the responses of experiments were calculated using signal and noise ratio calculation with larger-the-best characteristics. Finally, the optimum conditions for the manufacture of fermented grapefruit extract were as follows: grapefruit 70%, sucrose 10 g/L, glucose 10 g/L, sodium acetate 1 g/L, NaCl 1 g/L, dipotassium phosphate 0.1 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.01 g/L and 16 hr of incubation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the flavonoid contents of Korean propolis. The total flavonoids content measured by spectrophotometer of Yecheon, Youngwol, Brazilian, Chinese. Aus- tralian propolis were 6.33, 6.43, 2.44, 6.52 and 8.11mg/g. The p-coumaric acid content of Yecheon and Youngwol propolis were 5.58 and 6.84mg/100g, respectively. Luteolin, however, was not detected both in Yecheon and Youngwol, respectively. the quercetin content of Yecheon and Youngwol propolis revealed between 0.41 to 0.53%, however, overseas propolis was not detected. The t-cinnamic acid of Brazilian propolis was 7.92% and Chinese propolis was 8.74%. And than, the t-cinnamic acid of Chinese propolis was not detected.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.2129-2134
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• 2014

The antioxidant activities and total phenolics of four Rosaceae species Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne, Sorbus commixta Hedlund, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Maxim and Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai were determined. Phenolic content (polyphenol and flavonoid), radical scavenging activities [2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylnezthiazoline-6-sulfoic acid) (ABTS)] and ferrous ion chelating effect were evaluated. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne and lowest in Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai. Phenolic contents of Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne was $331.45{\pm}7.78$ and $90.4{\pm}3.5mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were found to be lowest in Sorbus commixta Hedlund whereas Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Maxim and Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne showed relatively good DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Ferrous ion chelating effect was highest in Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai ($1.05{\pm}0.04mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$) and lowest in Sorbus commixta Hundlund ($4.22{\pm}0.71mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2009

The results on the useful functional compounds of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaves cultivated in reclaimed lands and the biological activity effects of extracts were as follows. On 98 days after sowing (DAS) Tainung-2 showed the highest total chlorophyll content (1.68 mg/g), and on 141 DAS Dowling showed higher chlorophyll content (1.50 mg/g) than the other two did. In all cultivars the total chlorophyll content was higher on 141 DAS than on 98 DAS. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were the highest in Tainung-2 (30.50 mg/g and 57.03 mg/g, respectively), and total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents (30.50 mg/g and 57.03 mg/g, respectively) were the highest in 30% ethanol extraction. Ascorbic acid contents were higher on 141 DAS than on 98 DAS in three cultivars. SOD activities of kenaf leaf extract were generally over 90%. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Tainung-2 was higher than others.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1004-1010
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of cheonggukjang with the addition of walnuts. The pH of cheonggukjang did not change significantly with the addition of walnut. But the water content decreased significantly. Walnut addition to the soybean was expected to have a positive effect because the number of Bacillus subtilis was not reduced. The viscous substance content was significantly decreased when more than 20% of walnut was added to cheonggukjang. The addition of walnut made the color darker. The flavonoid and polyphenol content was sharply increased in proportion to the walnut addition and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of cheonggukjang also increased. Altogether, it was found that the addition of walnut had a positive influence on the cheonggukjang by increasing the antioxidant activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

Eleven flavonoids, including rutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, hesperetin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-methoxylated flavone and tangeretin in the peel of late maturing citrus fruit species of Mucott (smith tangerine), Singamha (C. natsudidai), Sambogam (C. sulcata), Hongpalsak (C. hassaku), Seminol (Dancy tangerine) and Jawdung (C. aurantium) harvested during from August to December were analyzed with HPLC. The mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile with 0.5% acetic acid. Wavelength in UV detector was determined at 254 nm. Naringin and neohesperidin content in the peel of Jawdung harvested at the early stage of maturation were 34.02 mg/g and 13.68 mg/g, respectively, and it was highest among the tested citrus fruits. Hesperidin content in the peel of Mucott harvested at the earthy stage of maturation was 12.48 mg/g. Rutin content of Sambogam harvested at the early stage of maturation was 5.13 mg/g. Quercetin, naringein, kaempferol, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-methoxylated flavone flavonoids were in trace. Flavonoid contents of Singamha, Sambogam and Jawdung were high in the peel of fruits at the early stage of maturation, after which time they decreased rapidly.