• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2007

As a container vessel becomes larger, the bow flare becomes larger. The large bow flare structures are often subjected to dynamic pressure loads due to bow flare slamming occurring in rough seas. The aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of bow flare slamming pressure measured in a real voyage through the North Pacific Ocean. The characteristics of impact pressure load caused by slamming is addressed in terms of the pressure pulse-time history which involves rising time, peak pressure, decaying time and type of pressure decay. The values were presented using non-dimensional parameters.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2018

The wave impact on ships could cause local damage to the ship's hull, which has been a concerning issue during the ship design process. In recent years, local structural damages of ships caused by slamming loads have been reported by accident; therefore, it is necessary to study the local slamming pressure loads and structural response assessment. In the present study, slamming loads around the ship's bow region in the presence of regular wave have been simulated by RANS equations discretized with a cell-centered finite volume method (FVM) in conjunction with the $k-{\Box}$ turbulence model. The dynamic structural response has been calculated using an explicit FE method. By adding the slamming pressure load of each time step to the finite element model, establishing the reasonable boundary conditions, and considering the material strain-rate effects, the dynamic response prediction of the bow flare structure has been achieved. The results and insights of this study will be helpful to design a container ship that is resistant enough to withstand bow flare slamming loads.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.204-216
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• 2018

A ship repeatedly face free surface under rough sea conditions owing to relative motion with wave encounter. The impact pressure is transferred to the hull structure and causes structural damage. In this study, the bow flare slamming load of a container ship is estimated using computations fluid dynamics (CFD) and prescript formula according to various classifications. It is found that the bow flare slamming load calculated by the formulas of the common structural rule and ABS tends to be similar to the CFD results.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.489-497
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• 2019

거친 해상 조건에서 운항하는 선박은 파도와의 상대운동으로 인해 슬래밍 하중에 노출된다. 특히 선수가 자유수면으로 입수하는 과정에서 선체부는 일시적으로 큰 슬래밍 충격하중을 받게된다. 일반적으로 대형 컨테이너선박의 경우, 큰 플레어를 가지는 특징이 있으며, 이로 인해 플레어 슬래밍 충격하중으로 인한 구조적 손상이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 슬래밍 수치시뮬레이션을 위해 먼저 신뢰할 만한 실험결과와의 비교검증을 수행하였으며, 선수 및 사파에서 선수플레어 슬래밍 하중을 추정하였다. 그 결과 슬래밍 하중이 발생되는 위치는 0.975st이며, 최대 충격 하중은 선수파 조건에서 약 475kPa임을 확인하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

In rough seas, bow-flare regions of the sea-going ships are subject to high impact pressures due to the bow-flare slamming and panting. And many ships suffer structural damages in that region, even though they were built under the bow structure strengthening rules of the ship classes. So, a new design method for bow-flare structure is highly required. In this paper, bow-flare damage analysis is performed for 17 ships (total number of damage/non-damage data is 782). Based on this analysis, a new design standard and method for bow-flare structure (shell plate, frame and web frame) is proposed. 80.4% of the present damage/non-damage data were well-explained by this new design standard.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

In rough seas, bow-flare regions of the fine ships (container ship and PCC) are subject to high impact pressures due to the bow-flare slamming. And many ships suffer structural damages in that region, even though they were built under the bow structure strengthening rules of the ship classes. So, a new design method for bow-flare structure is highly required. In this paper, a new prediction method of the bow-flare impact pressure (in terms of equivalent static pressure) acting on the fine ships' bow is presented. This method is based on the 11 fine ships' damage analysis and the mechanisms of water entry impact and breaking wave impact. Calculation results of the bow-flare impact pressure and the shell plate thickness are shown and discussed. Through the example calculations, it was found that the present method is useful for the structure design of the fine ships' bow.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1983

정면규칙파중에서 Bow-flare부 충격은 선저충격에 비해서 작용 시간이 길고, 선체 수직운동진폭이 큰 상태이거나, 파고가 큰 입사파가 적용되는 경우에 선체에 작용하는 충격력은 상당히 크며, 파고가 높아지면, 발생하는 모우멘트도 증가한다. 2. Bow-flare부가 큰 선형의 경우에는 선저노출이 일어나지 않더라도 부가질량의 급격한 증가에 따라 상당히 큰 충격력이 작용한다. 3. Deckwetness, 불규칙파중에서의 응답해석, 상대변위를 구할 때 Dynamic Swell-up의 양을 고려한 계산 등의 검토가 요망된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.503-509
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• 2014

This paper describes the time-domain numerical method for prediction of slamming loads on a ship in waves using the strip theory. The slamming loads was calculated considering the relative vertical velocity between the instantaneous ship motion and wave elevation. For applying the slamming force on a ship section, the momentum slamming theory and the empirical formula-based bottom slamming force were used corresponding to the vertical location of wetted body surface. Using the developed method, the vertical bending moments, relative vertical velocities, and impact forces of S175 containership were compared in the time series for various section locations and wave conditions.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2016

The interaction between the hull of ship and free surface of water generates important loads during slamming motion. In the present study, the slamming load applied on the sectional surface of two-dimensional arbitrary bodies has been investigated under several falling velocities. This simulation has been done with the commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT^®. Through the conventional MARINTEK experiments for the benchmark of the simulation, we verified the impact pressure values between the experiments and simulation results. Two arbitrary ship bow section models, Panamax-like(with small convex bulb and flare) and Post panamax-like(with large convex bulb and flare) are also investigated. Simulation results show that a maximum impact pressure on the Post panama-like shape is higher than the Panamax-like shape. According to both a lump of water generated by arbitrary shape and various dead-rise angles of the shape, the pressure picks were enhanced in the simulation.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2015

This paper is about the bow structure design of the ship-typed and turret moored FPSO which is subjected to the bow-flare slamming load in harsh North Sea environments. Quad 204 FPSO project involves the redevelopment of the existing Schiehallion FPSO which is damaged by impact wave loads. Normally all offshore systems including FPSO are designed to withstand the 100 year storm I.e. the storm that happens once every hundred years at the location where the system is installed. Several incidents have revealed that impact loading is important issue for moored floating production systems. In this paper, the design impact loads are estimated considering the ship owner’s specification, measured data from model tests, requirements of the classification society rules and results of numerical simulation analyses. The impact pressure by numerical analysis is 1.8 times greater than required value by CSR adopted by IACS. Based on the selected design load, plastic design formulae allowing the local material yielding are applied for the initial scantling of the bow structure. To verify the structural integrity, FE analyses are carried out considering the local area subjected to the impact wave loads. Their results such as structural arrangement, design loads and scantlings are shown and discussed. It is found that plastic design formulae in adopting Initial design phase give sufficiently conservative results in terms of structural strength.