• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2000

Effect of fixation methods on the flame retardant(FR) and performance properties of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics were studied. Combination of three different fixation methods - premercerization, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of cotton with MDPPA/HMM. As a result, an increase in internal volume of cotton fiber by pre-mercerization and addition of swelling agent, and wet fixation increased %add-on of FR agent improving FR efficiency and wash fastness. Tensile strength of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics by wet fixation and swelling agent were slightly decreased, but that of premercerized cotton was improved. Wet fixated fabric showed lower bending rigidity and better compressional properties which improved fabric hand. Retention of swelling ability of cotton treated with MDPPA/HMM improved moisture absorption properties.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2003

Pyrophosphoric lactone modified polyester (PATT) containing two phosphorous functional groups in one unit structure was synthesized to prepare a non-toxic reactive flame-retardant coatings. Then the PATT was cured at room temperature with isocyanate, toluene diisocyanate-isocyanurate , to get a two-component polyurethane flame-retardant coatings (PIPUC). Comparing physical properties of the films of PIPUC with those of film of non-flame-retardant coatings, there was no deterioration observed in physical properties by the introduction of a flame-retarding component into the resin. We found that the char lengths measured by 45$^{\circ}$ Meckel burner method were 3.1∼4.4 cm and LOI values recorded 27∼30%. These results indicate that the coating prepared in this study is a good flame-retardant. The surface structure of coatings investigated with SEM does not show any defects and phase separation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.14-20
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• 2012

In this paper, the flame-retardant wall paper was successfully prepared with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) short cut fiber with flame-retardant property and wood pulp using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binder followed by treatment of non-halogen flame retardant. Physical properties such as formation index, tensile strength, elongation, and burst strength increased as defibrillation increased except tear strength. Bulk increased but formation index, tensile strength, elongation and burst strength decreased along with addition of PET short cut fiber. It was also found that tear strength rose significantly up to 30% of PET short cut fiber and then declined (fell) rapidly. As addition level of PVA increased tensile strength, elongation and burst strength increased, but tear strength decreased slightly. Addition of 20% of PET short cut fiber and 13% of PVA provided the flame-retardant wall paper with both improved flameproofing and physical properties.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to fabricate the flame retardant polyester fabric by thermal bonding with low melting component of flame retardant bicomponent filament(LMFRPC) and to describe the characteristics of thermal bonded fabrics. The fabrics were prepared with flame retardant polyester filaments(FRP) as warp and blended filaments of FRP and LMFRPC as weft. The LMFRPC have a sheath and a core wherein the core comprises a flame retardant polyester and the sheath comprises a thermoplastic polyester of low-melting point. In this study, we investigated the physical properties, melting behavior of filament, the effect of the component of FRP and LMFRPC on the thermal bonding, mechanical properties. Melting peak of LMFRPC showed the double melting peak. The thermal bonding of the fabric formed at lower melting peak temperature of bicomponent filament of LMFRPC. The optimum thermal bonding conditions for fabrics was applied at about $170^{\circ}C$ for 60 seconds by pin tenter. On the other hand, the tensile strength, elongation, and LOI of the fabric increased with an increasing component of FRP of weft.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.135-139
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• 2019

In this work, flame retardant acrylic emulsion pressure sensitive adhesives were newly polymerized combining phosphorous flame retardant monomer and acrylic monomer like butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The process of polymerization showed 100% of conversion at solid content of 65%, and viscosity of acrylic emulsion was increased up to 5500 cps when phosphorous flame retardant monomer was added into acrylic emulsion. The structure of flame retardant acrylic emulsion was identified using FT-IR and thermal properties like glass transition temperature (Tg) were checked by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Acrylic emulsion without phosphorous flame retardant monomer had Tg of -44.1℃ and peel strength of 2,100gf/inch, however, flame retardant acrylic emulsion showed maximum Tg (-31.4℃) and peel strength of 200gf/inch when 15 part of phosphorous flame retardant monomer was added. Flammability test was also conducted to confirm the application of flame retardant acrylic emulsion as the flame retardant addtive.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.252-263
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• 2006

It is attempted to develop flame retardant polyurethane coatings, which have received significant attention in recent years. It is the purpose of this study to synthesize new reactive polyurethane coatings containing halogen. Lactone based modified polyester polyols, using trichlorobenzoic acid as chlorine moiety (TBAOs) were synthesized. These polyesters were cured with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)-isocyanurate at room temperature (TBAPUs). Physical properties of these flame retardant coatings were similar with those of non-flame retardant coatings. The flammability of coatings was strongly dependent on the chlorine contents. We found that the increasing chlorine contents showed better flame retarding properties and that, however, they also resulted in more smog generation during combustion. The detailed results of flammability test using various methods indicated $24{\sim}26%$ in LOI and $3.7{\sim}5.3\;cm$ char length in $45^{\circ}$ Meckel burner method.

• Carbon letters
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• v.28
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• pp.66-71
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• 2018

To improve the flame retardant performance of cellulose fibers, fluorine functional groups were introduced under various controlled fluorination conditions. The properties of the fluorinated cellulose fibers were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a thermogravimetric analysis. The fluorine functional group content in the fluorinated cellulose fibers increased with an increase in the fluorination temperature. However, the fluorination reaction increased the char yield and decreased the rate of degradation of the cellulose fibers by introducing donors, enabling the formation of a thick and compact char layer. Therefore, the flame retardant properties of cellulose fibers were improved following the fluorination treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.577-582
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• 2016

In this study, we compared and analyzed the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of three different rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) containing noble non-halogen phosphorus flame retardant (BHP-RPUF) or halogen-phosphorus flame retardant (TCPP-RPUF) or no flame retardant material (Pure-RPUF). The noble phosphorus-based flame retardant, bis(3-(3-hydroxypropoxy)propyl) phenyl phosphate (BHP), was synthesized by the reaction between disodium phenyl phosphate and 3-chloro-1-propanol. Through universal testing machine (UTM) experiments, the compressive strength of BHP-RPUF was similar to that of TCPP-RPUF. From the result of foam morphology analysis, it was confirmed that BHP-RPUF has the lowest thermal conductivity of $0.023W/m{\cdot}K$. We also measured the size of air bubbles using reaction velocity and SEM, and analyzed how they affect the thermal conductivity. In addition, the heat-resisting property was investigated through TGA analysis. The limited oxygen index (LOI) test confirmed that BHP had the ability to increase the flame retardancy of RPUF.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.311-318
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• 2012

This study investigated the flame retardant performance of developed four types of flame retardant chemicals (FRC), FRC-A, B, C and D. Four kinds of soft wood species, Sugi (Cryptomeria), Spruce (Picea abies), Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), were used. The wood specimens were treated by spreading the FRC on the surface with different quantities, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 g/$m^2$, respectively. The charred area, charred length, after flame time and after glow time were tested. And their suitabilities as incombustible materials were evaluated. The specimen treated by FRC-D showed better incombustible properties than others, even though with lower quantity. Therefore it is supposed that the FRC-D could be able to be applied on the cultural heritage, such as Korean wooden house for preventing fire.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2000

Two-component polyurethane flame-retardant coatings were prepared by blending trichloro aromatic modified polyesters(TCMPs) and polyisocyanate. TCMPs were synthesized by polycondensation of trichlorobenzoic acid(TCBA), a flame-retardant component, with adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and trimethylolpropane. The content of TCBA was varied in 10, 20, and 30 wt% for the reaction. These new flame-retardant coatings showed various properties comparable to other non-flame-retardant coatings. Moreover, we carried out the combustion test and the flammability test for our flame-retardant coatings. The results of vertical burning test for the coatings containing more than 20 wt% of TCBA were determined as 'no burn'. The results of flammability test for the coatings with 20 wt% and 30 wt% of TCBA contents indicated the limiting oxygen index(LOI) values of 25% and 28% respectively, which implied relatively good flame retardancy.