• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the flame retardant performance of Japanese cypress(Chamaecyparis obtusa) plywood, commonly used in indoor decoration, furniture, and tableware, by treating it with three different fire retardants with different primary ingredients. The experiment was conducted in compliance with Article 31, Paragraph 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Fire Facilities Installation and Management Act and Articles 4 and 7-2 of the Flame Retardant Performance Standards. After flame time, after glow time, char length, and char area were measured. As a result, first, after flame time was measured at 0 seconds regardless of whether the flame retardant treatment was applied. Second, after glow time was relatively long, measuring 22.7 seconds without treatment, which is likely due to the weak fire resistance and high concentration of carbon monoxide generated by the chemical characteristics of the Japanese cypress itself. Third, it was confirmed that the effects of the primary ingredient, phosphorus, in the flame retardant treatment varied depending on the technological development of the manufacturers of the same species of Japanese cypress plywood. In the future, it is expected that the results of this study will provide fundamental data to select flame retardant treatments that show high flame retardant performance according to the botanical characteristics of the wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2014

Wooden cultural heritages of Korea have been destroyed by fire in many cases. As a result, a number of methods to protect wooden cultural properties against fire were introduced. A way of protecting wooden cultural properties installations of fire equipments such as sprinkler, fire alarm system, or fire extinguisher. Another way of protecting wooden cultural properties is to treat them with flame retardants for their safety. Development of a very effective flame retardant with a good performance without affecting danchung and wood quality is required. At the same time, methods of evaluating flame retardant treated woods should be devised to assess their efficacy. In this study, combustion characteristics using cone-calorimeter, limit oxygen index, moisture absorption, iron corrosive and weathering were analyzed to evaluate the flame resistance efficacy and performance of flame retardants treated woods. The evaluation methods of flame retardants for wooden cultural heritage were suggested.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2016

본 연구는 필드모델에서 소모된 연료에 기초하여 화학적 화염높이를 산정하기 위한 방법을 검토하고자 한다. 높이 방향으로 HRRPUL의 누적값과 연료농도에 따른 계산 알고리즘을 FDS 해석결과에 적용하였으며 평균화학적 화염높이는 알고리즘을 적용한 순간화염높이의 시간평균을 통해 산정하였다. 연료농도에 기초한 평균화염높이는 HRRPUL의 누적값에 의해 계산된 화염높이와 10% 이내의 상향예측범위에서 일치된 결과를 보였다. 이러한 연구는 전산화재해석모델에서 정량적인 화염높이를 산정하고 보다 상세한 화재거동특성을 이해하는데 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.80-83
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• 2008

The characteristics of the spread of a forest fire are generally related to the attributes of combustibles, geographical features, and meteorological conditions, such as wind conditions. The most common methodology used to create a prediction model for the spread of forest fires, based on the numerical analysis of the development stages of a forest fire, is an analysis of heat energy transmission by the stage of heat transmission. When a forest fire breaks out, the analysis of the transmission velocity of heat energy is quantifiable by the spread velocity of flame movement through a physical and chemical analysis at every stage of the fire development from flame production and heat transmission to its termination. In this study, the formula used for the 1-dimensional surface forest fire behavior prediction model, derived from a numerical analysis of the surface flame spread rate of solid combustibles, is introduced. The formula for the 1-dimensional surface forest fire behavior prediction model is the estimated equation of the flame spread velocity, depending on the condition of wind velocity on the ground. Experimental and theoretical equations on flame duration, flame height, flame temperature, ignition temperature of surface fuels, etc., has been applied to the device of this formula. As a result of a comparison between the ROS(rate of spread) from this formula and ROSs from various equations of other models or experimental values, a trend suggesting an increasing curved line of the exponent function under 3m/s or less wind velocity condition was identified. As a result of a comparison between experimental values and numerically analyzed values for fallen pine tree leaves, the flame spread velocity reveals has a error of less than 20%.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2004

The present study investigates the effect of fire growth model on fire development characteristics in a carriage. The parallel processing version of FDS code is used to simulate the fire driven flow in a carriage and two types of fire growth model which are flame spread model and t$^2$ model are examined for the same geometrical condition. The heat release rates(HRR) of both model are similar each other until 30 s after ignition, but the flame spread model predicts 5 times higher than those of the t$^2$ fire model during the quasi-steady fire period. Maximum heat release rate in the case of flame spread model reaches about to 12 MW at 100 s after fire ignition. Also, various database of fire properties for combustible materials and more elaborate combustion model considering the flame spreading phenomena are required for better predictions of fire development characteristics using numerical simulation.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2008

본 논문은 화재를 조기에 검출하기 위하여 칼라 영상처리기법을 이용하여 주변 조명과 환경의 변화에 대하여 강건한 화염검출방법을 제안한다. 주변 조명과 화염의 RGB 색 분포 분석을 통하여 주변 조명과 화염을 구분할 수 있는 임계값을 설정하여 후보 영역을 검출한다. 화염이 발생 후 연속적으로 변화하기 때문에 화염 영역의 히스토그램 평균값의 차를 이용하여 화염 유사 영역을 제기한다. 검출된 영역이 화염임을 판단하기 위하여 영역 서술자인 밀집도를 계산하여 최종적으로 화염 여부를 판정한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 방법이 화염을 보다 잘 검출하고 조명 등 주변 환경 변화에 강건함을 보인다.

• 방재기술
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• 통권28호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

The technique detects radiant energy form a flaming fire of fuels contained carbonaceous material can be applied to fast growing fires. This technique applied detectors are ultimately effective when early detecting fire alarm system is required or the smoke and heat detectors can not applied. In Korea Fire regulation, a flame detector should be install in case that the installation height is higher than 20[m], chemical plant, hangar refinery. Therefore it is really necessary that a flame detector has to be developed as soon as possible. With foundation technique of flame detector, ideal sensing element and stable circuit design, a trial UV flame detector is manufactured. The stable and reliable technique of flame detector is established through the repeateed perfomance test and modification. An early detecting fire alarm device is developed through the modification, supplement of the structure and circuit. Results of the R & D for the manufacture of an excellent flame detecting device is carried out with the establishment of technique for the mass production and the qualified manufacturing process.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2012

화점높이 변화에 따른 풀 화재와 회오리 화염의 연소특성을 알아보기 위하여 인화성 액체인 메탄올을 $100{\times}100{\times}50$ 크기의 스테인레스 재질의 사각형 용기에 넣고 연소실험을 하였다. 연소시간, 질량감소속도, 화염온도, 화염높이 및 외부로부터 화염으로의 공기유입속도 등을 측정하였으며, 연소시 화염의 거동은 비디오카메라를 이용하였다. 모든 실험결과로부터 화점높이 변화에 따른 연소특성은 풀 화재보다는 회오리 화염에 있어서 더 큰 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.135-138
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• 2008

Many Victims and property damage are caused in fires. In this paper, an flame detection algorithm is proposed to early alarm fires. The proposed flame detection algorithm is based on 2-stage decision strategy of video processing. The first decision is to check with color distribution of input vidoe. In the second, the candidated region is settled as fire region with activity. As a result of simulation, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is useful for fire recognition.

• 방재기술
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• 통권21호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1996

An experimental investigation has been made with the objcetive of studying the effects of air entrainment of fire strength. A rich jet flame is considered as an fire, and fire, and the air entrainment is controlled by introducing the tone excitation which is generated by means of a loudspeaker-driven cavity. The excitation frequency is chosen for the resonant frequency identified as a pipe resonance due to acoustic excitation. As the excitation intensity increases, the amplitude of oscillating velocity for inducing air entrainment is increased, the flame height decreased and the structure of diffusion flame gradually transformed to that of premixed flame.