• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2017

In this study, the height of the flame required to estimate the heat flow path and flame spread in pool fire has been applied by the empirical formula, but it is calculated without applying the pressure and temperature parameters of the fire room. Until now, the height of the flame applied to pool fire was $l_F=0.235Q^{2/5}-1.02D$ in the Heskestad empirical formula, but accurate temperature calculation was not possible due to the temperature and pressure which are not influenced by the flame height. Therefore, applying the temperature and pressure around it can calculate the exact flame height, which can be applied to fire investigation and fire dynamics. The structure of the flame is divided into a continuous flame, an intermittent flame, and a buoyancy flame, but it is assumed that the flame height is calculated from the visual aspect to the intermittent flame region, and the temperature of the buoyancy flame is very low. The effect of heat of vaporization on the height of flame was investigated. The results showed that flame height was different according to the pressure and temperature around the fire room.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2013

To reduce the personnel and material loss caused by fire, we propose the automatic fire extinguishing system based on the ignition point tracking using the flame detecter. This automatic fire extinguishing system is composed of the flame detecting system and the fire extinguishing system based on the water cannon. We study the method for the ignition point tracking and the automatic fire extinguishing using the water cannon and the flame detecter. The flame detecting system for the early fire detection and the ignition point tracking has to be satisfied the requirement of the detecting range and the flame detection time. So we study the signal process algorithm for an improvement of the flame detecting system.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2016

The Membrane structure has a number of problems in the application of a fireproof code based on general buildings codes. Thus, the fireproof code of membrane structure is necessary to activate the construction of the membrane structure. Because it requires a systematic classification of fire retardant and flame proof performance of membrane material. Fire retardant and flame proof tests are conducted on membrane materials mostly used in current construction to propose the fire and flame retardant performance criteria of membrane materials. Fire and flame retardant tests results, PTFE membrane material with the glass fiber fabric have a limit-combustible performance. PVDF membrane material with the polyester fabric does not ensure the fire retardant performance, but this membrane material has the flame retardant performance of a thick fabric. Also, ETFE does not ensure the fire retardant performance, but this membrane material has the flame retardant of a thin fabric.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.85-92
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• 1997

Flammability of non-flame-retardant and flame-retardant materials was studied by using cone calorimeter Also, relations between the results obtained by using cone calorimeter and those obtained by the flammability test of japanese fire Service Law were examined. The results are as follows: 1) The ignition time of the molten specimens is relatively long, whereas the ignition time of the non-molten specimens is short. None of remarkable difference of the ignition time has been found between non-flame-retardant and flame-retardant materials specimens. 2) The peak heat release rates of flame-retardant materials are smaller than those of non-flame- retardant materials. 3) The carbon monoxide and smoke evolved from flame-retardant materials generate much more than those evolved from non-flame-retardant materials. 4) Even if flame-retardant materials are passed by the flammability test of Japanese Fire Service Law, they burn easily under external radiative heating condition.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

4-panel of 1m height and 45cm width were fixed on the $40cm{\times}40cm$ bottom plate and the opening of the panel comer was 5cm. Diameter of stainless vessel is loom and its height is 2cm and it located at the center of the bottom plate. 78mL liquid fuel was filled in the vessel and its depth was 1cm. Flame temperature was measured with K type thermocouple, and radiation heat of flame was measured with heat flux meter. Flame height and its behavior was visualized with video camera. and mass burning rate was measured by fuel combustion time. According to the development of fire, flame swirling was begin. From the experiment the mass burning rate was larger and the height of flame was higher than the usual pool fire flame. Flame temperature and heat flux also increased far more than the pool fire. Consequently the swirling air flow through the openings between the panel and thermal buoyance contribute to increase of heat release rate, flame length and mass burning rate.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4671-4676
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• 2010

화점높이 변화에 따른 풀 화재의 연소특성을 알아보기 위하여 인화성액체인 메탄올과 노르말 헵탄을 $100mm{\times}100mm{\times}50mm$ 크기의 사각형 용기에 내에 넣고 연소실험을 하였다. 용기의 재질은 스테인레스를 사용하였다. 연소시간, 질량감소속도, 화염온도, 화염높이 및 외부에서 화염으로의 공기유입속도 등을 측정하였으며 연소시 화염의 거동은 비디오카메라를 이용하여 촬영하였다. 실험을 통해서 화점의 높이가 증가할수록 외부에서 화염으로 유입되는 차가운 공기의 유입량이 증가하여 풀 화재의 연소특성이 감소함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.169-177
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• 1997

An experimental study has been conducted at an intermediate scale to study the effect of a cross flow on a purely buoyant fire. Video taping of the flame and post processing of the images by means of a novel technique provide a contour of a mean flame for all cases studied. This flame contour allows the determination of a mean flame length and a mean flame height. The mean flame length and height are recorded as functions of the forced flow velocity. Three dimensional flow patterns are formed in the flame trailing edge affecting both the mean flame length and height. The three dimensional patterns are studied systematically as functions of the cross flow velocity to quantify the effect of confinement on the flame geometry.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2009

산불의 확산에 있어 바람은 매우 중요한 인자이다. 바람은 또한 지형에 따라 변화되며 이로 인해 다른 확산형태를 가지게 된다. 따라서 산불의 확산속도 해석을 위해 먼저 풍속에 따른 화염각 변화를 살펴볼 수 있다. 이는 바람에 의해 변화된 화염각으로 인해 미연소 지표 대상물에 열전달의 차이를 가져오기 때문이다. 풍속이 증가할수록 화염과 지표면이 가까워짐으로 인해 열전달이 증가되어 미연소물질이 착화온도에 빨리 도달하게 되어 화염의 확산속도가 빨라지게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바람에 의한 화염각 변화 산정식을 Froude number 관계식을 이용한 수치해석과 실험을 통해 제시하였다. 그 결과, Froude number 계수 A=1.85를 제시하였고 제시된 식에 대한 실험 화염각의 평균 오차각은 약 $3.3^{\circ}$로 다른 모델식에 비해 실험값과 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 향후, 이 연구를 통해 열전달 수치해석을 통한 화염확산연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.146-155
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 현장방염처리(방염후처리)가 적용되고 있는 MDF 목재에 국내에서 유통되는 5개사 제품을 MDF 목재에 부착한 방염필름과 MDF 목재(무처리, 비방염필름)에 수성 유성 방염도료로 도포된 시편을 대상으로 현재 시중에서 사용되고 있는 방염처리 방법에 따라 방염성능을 비교하는 실험을 실시하였다. MDF 목재에 5개사의 방염필름을 부착하여 연소 시험한 결과 2개사 제품은 4가지 기준 내에 적합한 값을 나타냈으나 나머지 3개사 제품은 10~40 %의 불합격률을 나타냈다. 방염도료의 특성별로는 유성방염도료가 수성방염도료보다 방염성능 기준 내에서는 더 우수한 것으로 나타났지만 유성방염도료를 도포한 MDF 목재에서 수성방염도료를 도포한 MDF 목재에서 보다 독성지수의 위험등급은 상대적으로 더 높은 위험도를 나타내었다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2020

Compartment fire tests were performed using kerosene and Jet A-1 as fire sources to evaluate the relationship between flame temperature and opening size. The tests were performed for a fire caused by the release of kerosene owing to vehicle impact, and for a fire caused by the release of Jet-A-1 owing to airplane collision. The compartment fire tests were performed using a 1/3-scale model of a metal storage cask when the flame temperature was deemed to be the highest. We found the combustion time of Jet-A-1 to be shorter than that of kerosene, and consequently, the flame temperature of Jet-A-1 was measured to be higher than that of kerosene. When the opening was installed on the compartment roof, even though the area of the opening was small, the ventilation factor was large, resulting in a high flame temperature and long combustion. Therefore, the position of the opening is a crucial factor that affects the flame temperature. When the metal storage cask was stored in the compartment, the flame temperature decreased proportionally with the energy that the metal storage cask received from the flame.