• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

802.11b 표준 무선 랜 기반의 인프라스트럭처 네트워크에서 PDA를 무선 단말기로 사용하여 멀티미디어 데이터 전송 성능을 평가하였다. PDA는 주로 멀티미디어 데이터와 같은 대용량 데이터를 수신하는 용도로 사용된다. 그러나 이동 호스트인 PDA가 고정 호스트인 PC와 멀티미디어 데이터를 전송하는 과정에서 PC로부터 데이터를 수신하는 시간이 송신시간에 비해 항상 53% 이상 더 소요된다 본 논문에서는 데이터 전송 시 PDA수신시간의 지연에 영향을 미치는 요소들에 대한 성능평가를 수행하였다. 수신과정에서 파일 액세스 시간이 송신과정보다 4.11배까지 더 걸리고, 수신자 윈도우 크기의 변동(686바이트∼32,581바이트)이 심하기 때문에 PDA 수신시간이 길어진다. 수신지연을 개선하기 위해 응용계층에서 내부패킷 간격을 주지 않고 즉시 전송하고, TCP 수신버퍼의 크기를 늘리는 것이 효과적이다

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.465-482
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• 2015

IEEE 802.11p is a standard MAC protocol for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVEs). If a packet collision happens when a safety message is sent out, IEEE 802.11p chooses a random back-off counter value in a fixed-size contention window. However, depending on the random choice of back-off counter value, it is still possible that less important messages are sent out first while more important messages are delayed longer until sent out. In this paper, we present a new scheme for safety message scheduling, called the enhanced message priority mechanism (EMPM). It consists of the following two components: the benefit-value algorithm, which calculates the priority of the messages depending on the speed, deceleration, and message lifetime; and the back-off counter selection algorithm, which chooses the non-uniform back-off counter value in order to reduce the collision probability and to enhance the throughput of the highly beneficial messages. Numerical results show that the EMPM can significantly improve the throughput and delay of messages with high benefits when compared with existing MAC protocols. Consequently, the EMPM can provide better QoS support for the more important and urgent messages.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2007

유선망에서 패킷 손실은 대부분 혼잡에 인해 발생하며 TCP는 패킷이 손실되면 혼잡을 제어하기 위한 방법으로 윈도우 사이즈(Window Size)를 줄여서 네트워크 이용률을 감소시킨다. 반면에 무선망에서의 패킷 손실은 높은 비트 에러율과 핸드오프 그리고 노드의 이동성 등으로 인해 발생하고 TCP는 무선망에서의 패킷 손실시에도 혼잡 제어 메커니즘을 사용한다. 이는 불필요한 네트워크 이용률을 감소로 TCP 성능 저하의 원인이 된다. 본 논문에서는 무선상에서의 패킷 손실을 RSS(Received Signal Strengths:수신신호세기)를 이용하여 예측하고 ACK에 RSS 관련 flag bit 추가를 제안한다. RTO(Retransmit Time Out:재전송 타임아웃)가 발생하면 FH(Fixed Host:고정 호스트)는 수신된 RSS flag bit를 통해 혼잡 제어 메커니즘의 적용여부를 결정함으로써 처리율를 최대화하는 것이다. NS-2를 이용한 시뮬레이션 결과 송신량과 수신량이 최대 40% 증가되었다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2011

An iterative technique based on orthogonal filters and frequency tracking is proposed to estimate harmonic components in power systems. The technique uses frequency interpolation to estimate fundamental frequency and harmonics when the nominal frequency of the signal is a non-integer value. Due to the number of computations involved during the generation of filter coefficients, an offline computation is suggested. Beneficial features of the proposed technique include fixed sampling rate and fixed data window size. The performance of the proposed technique is examined by simulating different power system operating conditions and evaluating the data from these simulations. A technique based on Fast Fourier Transform is also used to estimate the harmonic components for all the simulated signals. These estimates are compared with those obtained from the proposed technique. Results show that the proposed technique can converge to the accurate fundamental frequency and therefore, provide accurate harmonic components even when the fundamental frequency is not equal to the nominal frequency.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3307-3314
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• 2012

농어촌 주택 표준모델에 대한 연간 건물에너지요구량을 DesignBuilder를 사용하여 계산하였다. 실내설정온도, 외벽의 열관류율, 창호타입, 환기량을 변화시키며 건물의 설계/운영 변수들이 에너지요구량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 건물의 크기와 상관없이 난방에너지요구량이 냉방에너지요구량보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단열재 두께를 증가시켜 외벽의 열관류율을 감소시키면 단열효과의 증가로 난방에너지요구량은 감소하지만 냉방에너지요구량이 증가한다. 하지만 외벽의 열관류율 조절을 통한 난방에너지요구량의 절감에는 한계가 있으므로 외부에 직접 노출된 외벽의 면적을 최소화하는 것이 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 계산에 사용된 4가지 창호 중 일반 이중창호가 난방에너지요구량 측면에서 가장 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 침기량은 일정하게 유지하고 단위시간당 환기량을 증가시킨 경우 냉방에너지요구량은 큰 변화가 없었으나 난방에너지요구량이 증가하였다. 실내의 공기질이 만족되는 범위 내에서 환기량을 최소화하는 것이 연간 건물에너지요구량을 줄이는데 유리한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2014

This paper focuses on contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocols used in wireless local area networks. We propose a novel MAC protocol called adaptive backoff tuning MAC (ABTMAC) based on IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). In our proposed MAC protocol, we utilize a fixed transmission attempt rate and each node dynamically adjusts its backoff window size considering the current network status. We determined the appropriate transmission attempt rate for both cases where the request-to-send/clear-to-send mechanism was and was not employed. Robustness against performance degradation caused by the difference between desired and actual values of the attempt rate parameter is considered when setting it. The performance of the protocol is evaluated analytically and through simulations. These results indicate that a wireless network utilizing ABTMAC performs better than one using IEEE 802.11 DCF.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1033-1043
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• 2007

The multi layer perceptron for segmenting objects in images only uses the input windows that are made from a image in a fixed size. These windows are recognized so each independent learning data that they make the performance of the multi layer perceptron poor. The poor performance is caused by not considering the position information and effect of input windows in input images. So we propose a new approach to add the position information and effect of input windows to the multi layer perceptron#s input layer. Our new approach improves the performance as well as the learning time in the multi layer perceptron. In our experiment, we can find our new algorithm good.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1993년도 Fifth International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress 93
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• pp.1021-1024
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• 1993

System identification is a major component for a control system. In biosystems, which is nonlinear and dynamic, precise identification would be very helpful for implementing a control system. It is difficult to precisely identify such non-linear systems. The measurable data on products from 2,3-butanediol fermentation could not be included in a process model based on kinetic approach. Meanwhile, a predictive capability is required in developing a control system. A neural network (NN) dynamic identifier with a by/(1＋ t ) transfer function was therefore designed being able to predict this fermentation. This modified inverse NN identifier differs from traditional models in which it is not only able to see but also able to predict the system. A moving window, with a dimension of 11 and a fixed data size of seven, was properly designed. One-step ahead identification/prediction by an 11-3-1 BPNN is demonstrated. Even under process fault, this neural network is still able to perform several-step ahead prediction.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2023

This paper proposes an imputation method using a bidirectional k-nearest components search based local linear regression method. The bidirectional k-nearest-components search method selects components in the dynamic range from the missing points. Unlike the existing methods, which use a fixed-size window, the proposed method can flexibly select adjacent components in an imputation problem. The weight values assigned to the components around the missing points are calculated using local linear regression. The local linear regression method is free from the rank problem in a matrix of dependent variables. In addition, it can calculate the weight values that reflect the data flow in a specific environment, such as a blackout. The original missing values were estimated from a linear combination of the components and their weights. Finally, the estimated value imputes the missing values. In the experimental results, the proposed method outperformed the existing methods when the error between the original data and imputation data was measured using MAE and RMSE.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2024

TCP is considered as one of the major candidate transport protocols even for constrained IoT networks..In our previous work, we investigated the congestion control mechanism of the uIP TCP. Since the uIP TCP sets the window size to one segment by default, managing the retransmission timer is the primary approach to congestion control. However, the original uIP TCP sets the retransmission timer based on the fixed RTO, it performs poorly when a radio duty cycling mechanism is enabled and the hidden terminal problem is severe. In our previous work, we proposed a TCP retransmission timer adjustment scheme for uIP TCP which adopts the notion of weak RTT estimation of CoCoA, exponential backoffs with variable limits, and dithering. Although our previous work showed that the proposed retransmission timer adjustment scheme can improve performance, we observe that the scheme often causes a node to set the retransmission timer for an excessively too long time period. In this work, we show that slightly modifying the dithering mechanism of the previous scheme is effective for improving TCP fairness.