• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.347-353
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• 2011

In this study, simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses were utilized for evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination of 17 accessions. Five cultivars, which were developed from Korea, and 12 foreign accessions, which were collected from China, Japan, Russia and USA, were evaluated by nine markers out of 22 SSR markers. A total of 39 alleles were detected, ranging from 2 to 8, with an average of 4.3 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity and PIC values were 0.627 and 0.553, with a range from 0.21 (GB-PG-078) to 0.76 (GB-PG-142) and from 0.19 (GB-PG-078) to 0.70 (GB-PG-142), respectively. Four makers out of nine SSR markers, GB-PG-026, GB-PG-043, GB-PG-142 and GB-PG-177, were selected as key factors for discrimination of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions. All of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions were individually by the combination of four SSR markers. Consequently, the SSR markers developed in this study may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

The maintenance expenses of public rental housing have drastically been increased as facilities become obsolete. As an effective means of managing such a situation, accurate estimating of maintenance expenses and securing financial resources are crucially important. It, therefore, is necessary to analyze major factors affecting on maintenance expenses of public rental housing's facilities, and develop an effective instrument to estimate them. On the other hand, the U.S.A, where approximately 60 percent of public rental housing's operating costs are supported by the state, has already developed an effective tool to forecast operating costs based on several years' actual data. As a result, public rental housing has been operating with a reasonable level. However, there have been no remarkable researches and studies in this field in Korea. In this context, this study attempts to examine principal determinants of maintenance expenses of public rental housing's facilities, and their influence based on the latest five years' actual operating costs. This study may contribute to develop an objective and precise tool to forecast maintenance expenses of public rental housing.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to measure anthropometric and haemoglobin level and nutrient intake of expecting women in the third trimester of pregnancy and to relate the birth weight of neonates as outcome of pregnancy. A cross sectional study was performed in Zahedan City. Two hospitals situated in the city were selected based on their approval and cooperation. Five hundred healthy pregnant women in the age group 16-40 years were selected for this study. Findings showed that the mean height, weight, fundal height, and haemoglobin of pregnant women were 156.4 cm, 62.6 kg, 34.2 cm, and 11.1g/dl respectively. Nutrient intake was computed based on 24 hour recall method. The results showed that, the mean intake of energy was 1802 Kcal/day. The intake of protein, calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium were 70.7 g, 544.0 mg, 16.1 mg, 10.6 mg and 266.0 mg respectively. Percentage adequacy of nutrient intakes with reference to RDA recommendation showed 95% and 80% of subjects had sufficient RDA intakes, while energy, calcium, iron and zinc intake considered as insufficient. The mean birth weight of neonates was 3.0 kg and 13% of neonates showed low birth weight. Maternal height, weight, fundal height and haemoglobin level were significantly correlated with birth weight of neonates. Energy, protein and calcium intakes in the third trimester were significantly correlated with birth weight of neonates. Using the binary logistic regression analysis fundal height, haemoglobin level and energy intake of pregnant women were considered as predictor factors of birth weight of neonates.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 2004

The contrast medium is very commonly used in more than 90% of computed tomography(CT) scans. It is difficult to predict the occurrence of adverse reactions and the degree of adverse reactions are diverse from mild urticaria, itching, nausea, vomiting to even cardiopulmonary arrest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the symptoms, occurrence rate and risk factors of the adverse reactions in patients after contrast injection during CT examinations. Two hundreds sixty-five patients showed symptoms of adverse reactions out of 71,117 adult patients who received intravenous contrast administration during CT scans from January 2003 to December 2003 at a general hospital. Data was collected by reviewing adverse reaction records and electronic medical record. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Adverse reactions occurred in 265 out of a total of 71,117 patients(0.37%). Clinical symptoms of adverse reactions were most commonly dermatologic problems such as urticaria(69.81%) and itching(63.02%), followed by dyspnea(14.34%), dizziness(11.70%), nausea(6.79%), and vomiting(7.17%). 2. Anaphylactoid reactions occurred in 47 out of a total of 265 patients, and their pattern of symptoms were most commonly related to cardiovascular system(90.91%), followed by respiratory system(82.22%), gastrointestinal system(51.72%), and dermatologic system(16.51%). Eleven patients were transferred to emergency room for further treatment and two patients needed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 3. The adverse reactions were significantly more common in women than in men(0.46% vs.0.32%, p=.003) and in type D contrast medium than the others(p<.001). The occurrence rate of adverse reactions was not significantly different according to the age and infusion speed of the contrast medium.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2009

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the relating factors for deformities of the foot after tibial fracture and the outcome of respective surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: We studied thirty-two patients (thirty-five feet) who had foot deformities after tibia fracture. The age, gender, shape, location, concurrent soft tissue injury and operative treatment of tibial fracture were analysed and outcome of the surgical treatment was investigated. Results: Deformities of the foot mostly occurred in open fractures of Gustilo type 3 or closed fracture with severe soft tissue injury. Variable surgical treatments such as simple release, lengthening, Z-plasty and osteotomy were performed. The AOFAS ankle-hind foot scale was improved from average of 37.3 points preoperatively to an average of 77.2 points at the last follow up. The Maryland foot score was from 42.9 to 90.2 and AOFAS Lesser Toe Metatarso-phalangeal interphalangeal scale was from 42.9 to 90.5. Radiological correction was also improved from 21.9 degrees to 7.9 degrees (Meary angle), from 112.2 to 138.5 (Hibb's angle) and from 33.8 to 25.9 (Calcaneal pitch). Conclusion: We proposed that great care should be taken of treatment for the tibial fracture and early detection and proper management of the foot deformities are crucial.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.650-661
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• 2020

The digital transformation of the 4th industrial revolution is leading to changes and innovations in the global economy. Various countries are focusing on reviving their manufacturing industries and economic recovery through smart factories. The purpose of this study is to empirically identify technological determinants for the successful implementation of the smart factory and to verify teose effects on manufacturing operations and the firms' operational/environmental performances. Five factors, including sensor network, platform technology, information system, intelligent automation, and safety, were defined as core technologies. The SEM analysis results of 157 small and medium-sized manufacturing firms that have implemented smart factories are as follows. First, sensor network, platform technology, and information system had significant effects on smart manufacturing operations. Second, smart manufacturing operations have improved firm performance. This study is valuable in that it has confirmed the effectiveness of government-funded projects and systemized key technologies for implementing smart factories. Meanwhile, it is helpful for practitioners to support an efficient and effective decision-making for the new adoption.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2018

Despite the continuous development of software, it is continuously pursued to enlarge the examination area of FOV in order to reduce the factors of inconsistency in images that appear in continuous examination during wide area examination using contrast agent such as whole body angiography. In this study, we investigated the optimal FOV by comparing the SNR values according to the changes of FOV. The change of the FOV was gradually changed to $270{\times}200$, $300{\times}223$, $330{\times}244$, $360{\times}266$ and $380{\times}281$. SE images at TR 450 msec and TE 10 msec, FSE images at TR 2,000 msec, TE 80 msec, and GE images were scanned at TR 117 msec, and TE 16 msec. SNR values were calculated from the mean values of signal intensities of five phantom images and the signal intensity values of four background standard deviations. As a result of the study, the signal intensity and the SNR value according to the change of the FOV value gradually increased as the FOV was increased, but it was found that the SNR value decreased at a constant size. In conclusion, the results are different from previous studies that the SNR increases as the FOV increases. The cause of these results could not be confirmed. However methods that can be imaged and included within the effective FOV should be considered.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.128-136
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• 2014

The virtual try-on technologies of the current level have limitations with material expression as well as some difficulties with commercialization. There are differences in simulation results and subjective evaluations perceived by consumers according to the types and physical characteristics of materials used in virtual try-on simulations. This study were to analyze the exterior clothing shapes and visual images from 3D virtual try-on simulations with materials whose drapability was differentiated and then test the accuracy of the expression of the drapability of the materials. The study carried out 3D virtual try-on simulations by selecting flared skirts as an item to best express differences in drapability along with five materials of different physical properties and offered some basic data for greater utilization of virtual try-on simulations by comparing and analyzing them with the exterior shapes and visual images of actual flared skirts. The analysis results of hemline shapes between actual and virtual try-on according to the types of materials showed no match among the quantitative items of exterior shapes factors. There were no significant differences in the visual images except for "soft" according to the simulation methods, which means that the items can serve as part of a scale for visual image comparison. It is necessary to reflect quantitative numbers regarding "drapability" proposed in the study simulation software and to continue to build a systematic database for virtual simulations by investigating and testing various materials.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.455-477
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop the service scales of festival quality. We derived five constituent factors, service quality measures of local festivals through the extensive literature review in Previous studies. We named these qualities "COKITQUAL" that is consist of Convenience, Information, Kindness, Operation, Corporeity. We conducted the empirical analysis for the participants in "Hwacheon Sancheoneo Festival" to verify the "COKITQUAL". As the result, Information, Kindness, Operation affected positively on Festival Satisfaction among all SERVQUALs. However, Convenience and Corporeity did not positively affected on the dependent variable. And then, Festival Satisfaction positively affected on on Behavior Intention. This study developed the Service quality concerned with local festivals which is crucial fundamentals to quantify Festival SERVQUAL through empirical study. The proper applications and usage of these newly introduced local festival qualities enable to acquire the sustainable competitive advantage in local festival.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2013

The methods used in this study included investigation of media facades used for landmarks in downtown areas in previous studies, visits to these areas, and recording of media facades. The changes in the colors or the size of buildings were analyzed among the recorded cases and 12 of these cases were selected for further study. The sensibility preference of the media facades was evaluated by sorting the 12 kinds of media facades, and providing them as materials to a group of 60 participants (40 undergraduate and 20 graduate students majoring in architecture and design) consisting of an equal proportion of males and females. This study addressed the following four_stage questions: 1) Five questions of recognition evaluation about media facades and the cognitive evaluation items of emotional vocabulary and color preference in each research case; 2) sensibility preference items regarding the media facade color design; and 3) design evaluation items of the media facades; 4) Video clips and still images were recorded from a middle distance at 7p.m to 11p.m. in central New York, Singapore, Seoul, and Beijing. The participants looked at the changes in colors through the video clips in each case and evaluated their preferences through 23 pairs of emotional vocabulary items using system dynamics. Construction of an emotional vocabulary followed, based on previous studies about media facades and color design. To evaluate the sensibility preference and the perceived representative colors of the media facade, this study suggests new emotional responses that depended on the color emotional vocabulary of light in the LED lighting technical evaluation methodology. A media facade with a moving change of colors, unlike a fixed landscape color design, suggests a new communication method based on architectural factors. New architectural color coordination can be presented for urban landscapes at night. Designs that factor in the pedestrians' emotional vocabulary or preference should take precedence over the use of high luminance and various colors.