• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.355-355
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• 2018

Natural hydrology systems, including high flow and low flow events, are important for aquatic ecosystem health and are essential for controlling the structure and function of ecological processes in river ecosystems. Ecosystem responses to flow changes have been studied in a variety of ways, but little attention has been given to how episodic typhoons and atmospheric circulation patterns can change these hydrologic regime-ecological response relationships. In this diagnostic study, we use an empirical approach to investigate the salient features of interactions between atmospheric circulation, climate, and runoff in the five major Korean river basins.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.998-1002
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• 2003

Agricultural foodstuffs, usually consumed without sterilization, are frequently contaminated with foodborne pathogen B. cereus. Ethanol and sodium chloride were used to inhibit this pathogen for its effective control. Though five minutes of exposure to 20% ethanol did not inhibit the growth of B. cereus, inhibition was detected to 30% ethanol solution. As exposed longer, B. cereus was more effectively inhibited than E. coli and S. typhimurium. B. cereus, E. coli and S. typhimurium were not inhibited when exposed in a 10% sodium chloride solution for five minutes. However, these bacteria were inhibited with a combination of 10% sodium chloride and 20% ethanol solution for five minutes. Much synergistic growth inhibition on B. cereus was found at the treatment. Its viable count was reduced from $10^8cfu/ml$ to $10^2cfu/ml$ after five minutes and showed no count after ten minutes. This trend was also confirmed for the wild types of B. cereus. This method may be applied for the effective pre-treatment of many agricultural foodstuffs, especially uncooked foodstuffs, without the hazards that accompany special sanitizers and the nutritional loss from harsh sterilization.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.617-623
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• 2003

The following conclusions are drawn from a review on the theory of correlation between the jang-bu organs in 'Ojangchunchaklon(五臟穿鑿論)' which is quoted in 'Uihakipmoon(醫學入門)' and 'Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)'. The three yangs and three yins are trisections each of yang ki and y1n ki. They represent three aspects of change in powers of yin ki and yang ki. The theory of Kaehapchu(開闔樞 the opening, closing and pivot) is thought to be the concept which explains the three states of jang-bu organs and meridians in terms of three yangs and three yins. The three yangs and three yins are assigned to twelve months according to the generation, prosperity and vanishment of the water, the fire, the wood and the metal in the circulation of nature with the lapse of time. Most of all, the change of the water and the fire is the main guide to the assignment. Both the theory of exterior-interior relations in jang-bu organs and meridians and the theory of Kaehapchu are founded on the assignment of three yangs and three yins to twelve months. The correlation between jang-bu organs is based on the monthly assignment of three yangs and three yins described in 'Internal classic(內經)' and the theory of Kaehapchu. In the correlations between jang-bu organs and meridians, the exterior-interior relations are the correspondences of Hand to Hand and Foot to Foot. but the relations of Kaehapchu are those of Hand to Foot and Foot to Hand. Jeesan's diagram of pulse is grounded on the correlations between jang-bu organs. On the left of the diagram, jang organs are arranged in the order of hierarchic positions in body. On the right, bu organs are disposed according to the correlations with the jang organs. Jeesan's diagram includes the principles of triple harmony and diagonal groups in twelve earthly branches(十二支). Jeesan's diagram is the frame through which correlations of jung-ki-shin-hyul, five jang and six bu organs, twelve meridians and six intrinsic factors can be observed at once.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.5
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• pp.516-524
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• 2008

We investigated on the distribution of nutrient contents (N. P and K) in current and one-year old needles of Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis, to understand the physiological effects of alternate bearing. One experimental set was designed with three types of cone number (one, three and five) under natural state and cone number of another one was controlled by thinning. Test samples were separated to collect into three fractions; current needles on the shoot and one-year old needles above and under the cone. On the branch without cone, N, P and K concentrations in needles on the shoot were higher than those in needles of one-year old branch. At natural state, needle P concentration was the lowest in needles on the five-cone branch in August. Macronutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in needle K concentration. Under cone thinning, N. P and K concentrations were the highest in needles on one-cone branch and the lowest in needles on five-cone branch. Needle nutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in the needle on five-cone branch. In conclusion, the current needles of the shoot and cones are a strong sink of nutrient like N. P and K, and the increase of cone number influences nutrient removal from needles.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2016

Objectives : In this study, we tried to analyze the relationship between effect terms and five tastes in heat-clearing herbs. In order to analyze exactly, we also attempted to extract and refine the effect terms. And finally, we tried to infer the effects of each tastes and suppose new effects of each heat-clearing herbs based on their tastes. Methods : Firstly, we extracted the five tastes and effect terms among the heat-claearing herbs written in Herbology. After that, we divided each effect terms to single meaning term and refined them. We also grouped herbs by tastes and set the effect terms in the order of frequency. So we could analyze the relationship between the tastes and the effect terms and supposed the effect of each herbs. Results & Conclusions : We extracted 7 tastes and 87 effect terms. And they was refined to 63 effect terms. As the result of analyzing the effect terms based the tastes, all of heat-clearing herbs included the effects of heat-clearing and detoxification, regardless of tastes. The herbs which have the bitter tastes, included the effects of drying dampness, fire-purging and blood-cooling. And we supposed new effects in 10 kinds of herbs among them. The herbs which have the sweet tastes, included the effects of blood-cooling and fluid-engendering. The herbs which have the hot tastes, included the effects of inducing diuresis and swelling-dispersing. And we supposed new effects in 2 kinds of herbs, by analyzing the relationship between the tastes and effect terms.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the kinds of fresh wild vegetables, the number of street stalsl, seller's age, and the selling list of items of the street stall in the five-day traditional markets of Gyeongnam Tongyoung and Namhae, Jeonnam Naju and Younggwang, Jeonbuk Iksan and Jangsu, from March to May, 2005. The number of street stalls selling fresh wild vegetables was forty nine in Tongyoung, twenty five in Namhae, thirty in Naju, eighteen in Younggwang, one hundred and thirty in Iksan, and seventeen in Jangsu. The selling lists of items totaled forty items; thirty in Tongyoung, seventeen in Namhae, twenty in Naju, sixteen in Younggwang, twenty seven in Iksan, and thirteen in Jangsu. The main kinds were Aster scaber, Aralia elata, Pteridium aquilinum var. latusculum, Artemisia princeps, Sedum sarmentosum, Oenanthe javanica, Pla쇼codon grandiflorum, Petasites japonicus and Allium monanthum. sprouts or woody plants such as Arazia elate, Ailanthus altissima, Meliosma oldhamii, and Kalopanax pictus were also being sold. About $80{\%}$ of the sellers were over fifty one years old. Half of the sellers were at least sixty years old. More thab $77\%$ of the street stalls in the traditional markets sell fewer than four kinds of fresh wild vegetables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate whether the program of health promotion and follow up feedback by periods could improve physical fitness related to work ability of the middle-aged and aged workers. Subjects were composed of two groups; workers aged below forty five and forty five and over who had measured their health-related physical fitness twice for 2 years (2006 & 2007) through the program of health promotion operated by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the first measurement and re-measurement of health-related fitness which was operated after six to twelve months from the first one. We used 0.05 level for statistical significance. The results of this study were as follows. All measurement items including body fat ratio(%), $VO_2max$, grip strength, sit-up, and trunk flexion were significantly improved in both groups. The improvement(%) of $VO_2max$, grip strength of workers of forty five and above was lower than those of workers of below forty five. Servicing the program of health promotion and follow up feedback by periods may help workers' improvement of health-related physical fitness related to work ability.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.74-95
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• 2006

${\ulcorner}$Hwangje-Naegyeong${\lrcorner}$ recorded The Twenty Eight Constellations(二十八宿), the polaris, the Seven stars(北斗七星) and the Five stars(五星) and it accepted the astronomy of that time. The Twenty Eight Constellations assinged seven stars in the four cardinal points according to the ecliptic and became the criterion obsevering the way of the sun and the moon. ${\ulcorner}$Hwangje-Naegyeong${\lrcorner}$ explained that The Twenty Eight Constellations bring about the change of weather and role as criterion about the Universe Gate-Earth Door(天門-地戶). The Five Elementary attachment of the Twenty Eight Constellations is based on the direction of the earth in spring. The direction of the Twenty Eight Constellations changes from the viewpoint of celestial body in other seasons. ${\ulcorner}$Gugungpalpung-pyeon(九宮八風篇)${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Selo-pyeon(歲露論)${\lrcorner}$ explained that the azimuth of the polaris and the Seven stars are related to the change of weather. ${\ulcorner}$Gigyobyeondaelon(氣交變大論)${\lrcorner}$ said that we can predict the Taegwa(太過 or Bulgeub(不及) of O-un(五運) by the orbital tracks and magnitude of the Five stars. It means that the astronomical observation is correctly performed in that time. The learning of Un-Gi(運氣學) is the study on the reciprocal action of heaven and earth. Besides the changeable disease during the 24 solar terms is related to climatic change produced by movements of heavenly bodies. For this reason, I think that the understanding of astronomical background will help to research The learning of Un-Gi.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the five-factor model of personality in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) related to obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and the distinct symptom subgroups. Methods : We recruited 95 patients with OCD and 116 normal controls in the study. We used the short version of Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) for the assessment. Results : Patients with OCD showed significantly higher scores in neuroticism than normal controls. On multiple linear regression analysis, we found that agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with the total Y-BOCS scores. On subscale analysis, agreeableness and neuroticism were associated with the obsession subscale scores and only conscientiousness was associated with the compulsion subscale scores. Furthermore, we found that patients who have contamination/cleaning or symmetry/ordering/counting/arranging as a main symptom presentation had significantly higher mean scores in conscientiousness than patients who have harm due to injury/violence/aggression as a main symptom presentation. Conclusion : In this study, we found that specific personality factors are associated with the obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. In addition, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between the personality factors in the five-factor model and the distinct symptom subgroups in OCD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.739-744
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• 2007

Insect cell lines and the control of infection for obtaining the maximum amount of polyhedrin-Cry1Ac-polyhedrin fusion protein from Bactrus in monolayer and suspension culture systems were tested. Growth rates of the Trichoplusia ni(High-Five) cell line in both culture systems were better than the other insect cell lines, Spodoptera frugiferda(Sf-9, Sf-21), Trichoplusia ni(Tn5), and Spodoptera exigua(Se301). The expression of the fusion protein in a monolayer culture showed that Se301 cells were 2.3-4.8 times more productive on a per cell basis than the other cell lines. However, in suspension culture, only High-Five cells were productive. High-Five cells infected with Bactrus at a multiplicity of infection(MOI) of 5 and a cell density of $3.0{\times}10^5$ cells per ml were more productive than the other infection condition in a suspension culture suitable for a large-scale production of baculovirus. In conclusion, for the large-scale production of Bactrus in vitro, High-Five cells showing good growth and high productivity are suitable.