• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1991

The fishing vessels operation is a kind of maritime profit-making activities, which are complicatedly integrated by the basic and supplemental fishing activities with navigation. The Fishing Vessels Act of Korea defines the character of fishing vessels and gives a legal status to them, and this Act itself is linked with the allied public laws including the Ships Act of Korea. For this reason, the legal status of fishing vessels as Korean flagged ships by the public law is analogous to the general commercial vessels. And the specific character of ownership of the fishing vessels by the Korean Maritime-Commercial Act as a privated law is analogous to the general commercial vessels, nevertheless the Chapter 4(Carriage of goods) and the Chapter 5(General average) of this Act do not apply to the fishing vessels except the fish carriers. A fishing vessel possesses the legal status as a Korean flagged ship by having it registered and putting it on record under the provision of national law, however the principle of genuine link is an important factor for acquisition of nationality. Especially, the basic rules by the Law of the Sea those are attended with the distant-water fishing vessels operation at the overseas fishing ground are summarized as follows ; Firstly, the rights of navigation and fishing activities on the high seas are fundamentally recognized to all states, but the freedom is restricted according to the international legal order aiming at protection of reasonable interests of other states and conservation of the living resources and marine environment. Secondly, in the EEZ or EFZ the freedom of navigation is recognized, but fishing activities are exclusively ruled by the national law of the coastal state. Thirdly, foreign fishing activities are prohibited but the right of innocent passage is recognized in the territorial sea, while both activities are prohibited in the internal waters of the coastal state.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2024

In this study, a survey on the coexistence of offshore wind farm and fishing activities in Gochang, Gunsan, and Buan's fishermen in the southwest sea of shore wind farm was carried out witn an aim of examining the factors that should be considered when coexisting. A questionnaire was composed after referring to domestic and foreign literature data on examples of coexistence. The questionnaire was issued through direct visits. Frequency analysis and cross-analysis were used for survey response results, and IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 26 was used for statistical processing. As a result of analyzing a total of 84 questionnaires, the perception of the coexistence of offshore wind and fishing activities was the same by 50.0% positive and negative, respectively. As a result of cross-analysis by region, significant differences were found (p <0.039). Gochang fishermen showed a high negative perception of the coexistence of offshore wind and fishing activities at 62.1%, with the main reason being that fishing resources are expected to decrease due to the influence of noise, vibration, and current generated from offshore wind farm facilities. In Gunsan, negative perception of coexistence was high at 57.7%. This was mainly attributed to the impossibility to operate in the offshore wind farm due to the nature of the fishery. On the contrary, in the case of Buan, 69.0% of the positive perception of coexistence was high 'because fishermen were dissatisfied with the current coexistence plan (policy)'. According to previous studies, 91.8% of domestic fishing methods show the possibility of fishing activities in offshore wind under caution, so it is concluded that research should be conducted to coexist with offshore wind and fishing activities as in foreign countries for smooth installation of offshore wind and continuous fishing activities.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.115-136
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• 2003

As of late, people who enjoy fishing as a pastime in Korea has dramatically increased on the back of the increased national income and 5-day working system being in place. In the past, people used to fish in inland waters, but fishing on the sea has also shown a steady increase. The expanded fishing community along with increasing types of fishing, however, led to destruction of ecosystem by littering the waters of both inland and sea with wastes and reckless exploitation of fish resources. Fishing activities are usually taking place in inland waters, or on the sea, which is, by definition, a common property, and side effects such as free riding and diseconomy are frequently observed occurring. In other words, everyone can use the property free of charge(except paying fishing lot), and littering the waters with pollutants and wastes stemming from fishing activities is currently rampant. In this context, this paper studies the necessity of introducing fishing license system and its feasibility in Korea from a perspective to improve the national welfare through policy measures based on 'polluter pays principle' to prevent further environmental pollution in the fishing lot and preserve fishery resources. Study shows that introduction of Recreational fishing license system is urgently needed, but it is concluded that it should take more time to implement the system so as to accomodate the differing interests of all parties involved including recreational fishing industry, while strengthening public relation activities to solicit for the people's understanding of the system to be introduced.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

Marine fisheries resources face major anthropogenic threat from unregulated fishing activities; thus require precise detection for protection through marine surveillance. Korea developed an efficient land-based small fishing vessel monitoring system using real-time V-Pass data. However, those data directly do not provide information on fishing activities, thus further efforts are necessary to differentiate their activity status. In Korea, especially in Busan, longlining is practiced by many small fishing vessels to catch several types of fishes that need to be identified for proper monitoring. Therefore, in this study we have improved the existing fishing status classification method by applying Hidden Markov Model (HMM) on V-Pass data in order to further classify their fishing status into three groups, viz. non-fishing, longlining and other types of fishing. Data from 206 fishing vessels at Busan on 05 February, 2021 were used for this purpose. Two tiered HMM was applied that first differentiates non-fishing status from the fishing status, and finally classifies that fishing status into longlining and other types of fishing. Data from 193 and 13 ships were used as training and test datasets, respectively. Using this model 90.45% accuracy in classifying into fishing and non-fishing status and 88.23% overall accuracy in classifying all into three types of fishing statuses were achieved. Thus, this method is recommended for monitoring the activities of small fishing vessels equipped with V-Pass, especially for detecting longlining.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.479-488
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• 2024

In recent years, changes in the fishing ground environment have led to reduced catches by fishermen at traditional fishing spots and increased operational costs related to vessel exploration, fuel, and labor. In this study, we developed a deep learning model to classify the fishing activities of drift gillnet fishing boats using AIS (automatic identification system) trajectory data. The proposed model integrates long short-term memory and 1-dimensional convolutional neural network layers to effectively distinguish between fishing (throwing and hauling) and non-fishing operations. Training on a dataset derived from AIS and validation against a subset of CCTV footage, the model achieved high accuracy, with a classification accuracy of 90% for fishing events. These results show that the model can be used effectively to monitor and manage fishing activities in coastal waters in real time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.639-652
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• 2023

The fundamental background behind the introduction of the fishing vessel system is to allow petty small fishers to engage in pure fishery business activities with fishing vessels during normal times and engage in fishing vessel business only during specific periods (closed fishing season, etc.) thereby granting a qualification as an auxiliary tool for the economic activities of petty small fishers. In addition, fishing boats are allowed to engage in excursion ship activities using fishing vessels registered under the Fishing Vessels Act, the form of fishing vessels should also have a general and universal structure that is practically easy to engage in fishing activities in the field in accordance with the relevant regulations. However, most fishing vessel proprietors are currently focusing only on increasing income, and rather than building fishing vessels in a reasonable form suitable for the original purpose of general fishing vessels, they prefer an abnormal hull form equivalent to expediency, that is biased hull structure biased toward the fishing vessel business. As a result, it is causing serious problems in safety management as well as conflict [damaging relative equity in government support measures (tax-free oil supply, etc.), and depletion of livelihood-type fish stocks] with fishing vessel forces who consider the fishing vessel business only to be a part of the side job among all fishery business activities. Meanwhile, the most fundamental cause of this problem is that the current Fishing Management and Promotion Act, limits the concept of fishing vessels to fishing vessels registered under the Fishing Vessels Act, and applies survey standards accordingly. Accordingly, in this study, through analysis of the distribution status of fishing vessels, structural characteristics, operation status of fishing vessels, and the government's fishing promotion policies, etc., the relevant laws (regulations) have been reorganized to suit the current reality of the concept of fishing vessels to separate the current fishing vessel from fishing vessels and operate it as a fishing-only vessel.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.238-256
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• 2004

As the UN Fish Stocks Agreement has come into effect since 2001, the actual enforceable management on fish stocks in high seas has started. The Regioanl Fisheries Organizations (RFOs) have emerged as management bodies with a real responsible right to manage fish stocks. RFOs establish a strong and strict management rules providing a fishing right only to member countries and preventing all fishing activities from fishing vessels of non-member countries. In addition, RFOs have an own allocation way of fishing opportunity in their waters so that they can prevent the depletion of fish stocks. It is investigated that deep-sea fisheries have a negative impact from strengthening of RFOs' management right. As the amount of catch is reduced by the control of fishing vessel's activities, the level of fishing revenue becomes low. Moreover, as fishing costs such as oil, fishing fees, labor cost increase significantly, the condition of fishing business is getting worse as a result. In order to gain a fishing right for deep-sea fishing vessels in RFOs waters, there is no other alternative way but become a member of RFOs which are relevant to our fisheries but not joined.

• Proceedings of the Fisheries Business Administration Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.133-158
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• 2007

This study aims at analyzing the potential of leports-fishing for improving fishing household income. Leports-fishing is a composite concept which is combined with those of leisure, sports and fishing. Korean on-shore resources have also a composite characteristic. The characteristics of the east, west and south coastal waters are quite different in geography, biology and ecology. There is a array of leports-fishing development potentials of utilizing their characteristics. At present, angling forms a main activity of leports-fishing, but coastal seas would be an emerging space for the public. In order for them to be a ground of fun, enjoyment and festivals, there would be necessary to supply a wide range of activities including angling, scuba diving, fish barbecue, ecological experience, fishing experience, cruise, and so forth. As seen in the survey results, the participants have strong desire for fun and enjoyment through leports-fishing activities. The proportion of people participating in one or two times a year amounts to 40 percent. Most coastal places visited are close to medium/large cities and two-days leports-fishing/ tourism accounts for some 77 percent. However, it is shown that conflicts between leports-fishing participants and fishermen are not serious. The results of expenditure function estimation appear that the elasticity of per capita income is very high with 1.2660 and that there are negative relationships between leports-fishing expenditure and transportation/food/lodging costs. Assuming the economic growth rate of 4 percent, it is anticipated that Korean leports-fishing population will increase to 3.18 million in 2010 and 4.07 million in 2015. Korean leports-fishing market potential in 2015, which is calculated based on per capita expenditure on leports-fishing appeared to be 1,400 billion won$\sim$1,600 billion won. The contribution of such market potential is expected to be 62.3$\sim$74.2 percent(934.5 billion won$\sim$111.3 billion won) to the fishing households.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.180-196
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• 2007

This study aims at analyzing the potential of leports-fishing for improving fishing household income. Leports-fishing is a composite concept which is combined with those of leisure, sports and fishing. Korean on-shore resources have also a composite characteristic. The properties of the east, west and south coastal waters are quite different in geography, biology and ecology. There is a array of leports-fishing development potentials of utilizing their characteristics. At present, angling forms a main activity of leports-fishing, but coastal seas would be an emerging space for the public. In order for them to be a ground of fun, enjoyment and festivals, it would be necessary to supply a wide range of activities and facilities including angling, scuba diving, fish barbecue, ecological experience, fishing experience, cruise, and so forth. As seen in the survey results, the participants have strong desire for fun and enjoyment through leports-fishing activities. The proportion of people participating in one or two times a year amounts to 40 percent. Most coastal places visited are close to medium/large cities and two-days leports-fishing/tourism accounts for some 77 percent. However, it turned out that conflicts between leports-fishing participants and fishermen are not serious. The results of expenditure function estimation appear that the elasticity of per capita income is very high with 1.2660 and that there are negative relationships between leports-fishing expenditure and transportation/food/lodging costs. Assuming the annual national economic growth rate of 4 percent, it is anticipated that Korean leports-fishing population will increase to 3.18 million in 2010 and 4.07 million in 2015. Korean leports-fishing market potential in 2015, which is calculated based on per capita expenditure on leports-fishing, appears to amount to 1,400 billion won~1,600 billion won. The contribution of such market potential to the fishing households is expected to be 62.3~74.2 percent(934.5 billion won~111.3 billion won).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.112-125
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• 2021

Marine spatial planning(MSP) designates the marine as nine kinds of use zones for the systematic and rational management of marine spaces. One of them is the fishery protection zone, which is necessary for the sustainable production of fishery products, including the protection and fosterage of fishing activities. This study intends to quantitatively identify the fishing activity space, one of the elements necessary for the designation of fisheries protection zones, by mapping of fishery activities using V-Pass data and deriving the fishery activity concentrated zone. To this end, pre-processing of V-Pass data was performed, such as constructing a dataset that combines static and dynamic information, calculating the speed of fishing vessels, extracting fishing activity points, and removing data in non-fishing activity zone. Finally, using the selected V-Pass point data, a fishery activity map was made by kernel density estimation, and the concentrated space of fishery activity was analyzed. In addition, it was confirmed that there is a difference in the spatial distribution of fishing activities according to the type of fishing vessel and the season. The pre-processing technique of large volume V-Pass data and the mapping method of fishing activities performed through this study are expected to contribute to the study of spatial characteristics evaluation of fishing activities in the future.