• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.20-26
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• 1973

Authors have investigated the monthly distribution of vibrio flora in sea water, mud, fish and shellfish in the public beaches at the suburbs of Busan in order to determine the possible origins of food poisoning. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The monthly distribution shows that V. parahaemolyticus occurs from May to November and V. alginelyticus all the year round. 2. A total of 40 strains of Vibrio flora were isolated from 40 sea water samples, 25 strains from 40 mud samples, If strains from 88 shellfish samples, and 3 strains from 30 fish samples. 3. More strains were isolated from the samples collected at Yongho and Suyeong that at the other localities. 4. A total of 80 strains of Vibrio flora, isolated from 198 samples, were divided into two groups : V. perahaemolyticus with 20 strains and V. alginelyticus 60 strains.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.246-254
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• 2023

V. parahaemolyticus causes waterborne and foodborne disease such as acute diarrhea. In this study, V. parahaemolyticus isolates from seawater, fish tanks, and distributed fishery products in Jeju were investigated for potential toxin or species-specific genes (tdh, trh, tlh, and toxR) using RT-PCR and their genetic characteristics were analyzed using Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Overall, V. parahaemolyticus of 90 strains (36.7%), including 33 strains from seawater, 8 strains from fish tanks, and 50 strains from fishery products, were isolated from 245 samples. All V. parahaemolyticus strains did not detect the tdh gene, whereas all strains detected tlh or toxR genes. In addition, trh genes were detected in 3 strains from seawater and 1 strain from fishery products. Monthly quantitative testing of seawater revealed that V. parahaemolyticus was positively correlated with water temperature. The 90 strains of V. parahemolyticus obtained in this study showed by gene homology between types, ranging from 64.0-97.3%. Among these, thirteen types showed 100% homology between genes. These results indicate that continuous monitoring is needed to facilitate food poisoning epidemiological investigations because some isolated V. parahaemolyticus strains harbored toxin genes and V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seawater, fish tanks, and distributed fishery products showed genetic similarity.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2012

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between fish consumption and blood mercury levels in a sample of adult Koreans. Methods: The study subjects were 299 residents of Busan (male: 65, female: 234) and 185 residents of Namhae (male: 69, female: 116), South Korea. Demographic characteristics, current smoking, current drinking, fish consumption per week, past history of amalgam treatment, and residential district were recorded by trained interviewers in June and July, 2009. We considered a portion of fish to be equivalent to 70 gm weight, and calculated amounts of fish consumed per week. Using chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis, we estimated the relationships between blood mercury levels and amount of fish consumed per week and other factors. Results: The mean blood mercury level of our subjects was 6.61 ${\mu}g/L$, higher than the criterion defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (5.8 ${\mu}g/L$). In multiple linear regression analysis, residential district and amount of fish consumed per week were associated with blood mercury levels. However, marital status, current drinking, and gender, and age were not associated with blood mercury levels. Conclusions: In conclusion, we suggest the implementation of systematic and periodic population-based studies to decrease the risks of mercury poisoning among South Koreans who consume fish as a regular part of the diet.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 1995

Incidents of seafood and massive fish kills have been rapidly increasing in both frequency and geographical distribution and the socioeconomic impacts brought by those incidents. However, the biological origins of those marine toxins have not been well clarified. Most of the marine organisms investigated are filter-feeder, which accumulate toxins from their food and/or their symbiotic microalgae. We have examined the action on rabbit platelets of marine toxins isolated from cultured dinoflagellates and sponge collected at Okinawa. Maitotoxin (MTX) is a water-soluble toxin isolated from the cultured dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus which causes a seafood poisoning in tropical regions. Zooxanthellatoxin A (ZT-A) was isolated from exteracts of cultured symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp. (socalled zooxanthella) from flatworms of the genus Amphiscolops collected at Okinawan marine sponge Theonella sp. MTX caused a disaggregation and a dissolution of large aggregates. ZT-A caused a dissolution of small aggregates followed by a increment of light tranmission. TZ-A caused an initial and transient shape change followed by a sustained aggregation and a increment of large aggregates. In conclusion, marine toxins exert unique patterns on the light trasmission and the size of aggregates in rabbit platelets by their concentrations and kinds

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 1995

The pufferfish Takifugu vermicularis radiatus (Gukmeri-bog) was examined for toxicity. Thirty-one specimens, which had obtained from creeks of Inchon and Ansan in Spring and Autumn of 1992 and 1993, Korea, were assayed for anatomical distribution of toxicity by mouse bioassay method. Ovary, testis, liver and muscle showed very strong toxicity, and intestine and skin did moderate toxicity. Their average toxicities were moderately toxic in all. Moreover, the toxicities of liver and intestine were stronger in Spring than Autumn. Judging from the results, T. vermicularis radiatus is considered to be very harmful fish. Consequently, it is necessary to take a proper preventive step against food poisoning by pufferlish ingestion.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.385-390
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• 1990

To establish an appropriate measure for the prevention of food poisoning from raw fish flesh (sashimi), distribution and population density of Vibrio vulnificus were investigated as environmental factors were changed. The bacteria were detected only in August during the study period from February to November, 1989. The number of bacteria was $2.0\~6.0/100ml$. In August, salinity and pH were low, but water temperature and COD were high as compared to the rest of months.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.573-581
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• 2016

Bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids in food leads to the production of biogenic amines, which can cause reactions in human that include headaches, nausea, palpitations, chills, and severe respiratory distress. The amine putrescine is an especially effective inhibitor of metabolizing enzymes and amplifies histamine intoxication and tyramine poisoning. Using an L-ornithine decarboxylating medium, we isolated 14 putrescine-producing bacteria from sand lance, Ammodytes personatus, sauces. The isolates were identified, using an API kit and 16S rRNA analysis, as Lysinibacillus fusiformis (1 strain), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (6 strains), Lysinibacillus macroides (1 strain), Lysinibacillus sphaericus (3 strains), Bacillus fusiformis (1 strain), Paenibacillus favisporus (1 strain), and Staphylococcus caprae (1 strain). These strains produced between 1.66 to 236.97 μg/mL of putrescine after 48 h incubation. Lysinibacillus spp. were the dominant putrescine-producing bacteria in sand lance sauces, which produced 236.97 μg/mL of putrescine from a culture broth containing 0.5% L-ornithine. This is the first report on the isolation and identification of putrescine-producing bacteria from sand lance sauces.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.813-816
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• 1998

Toxicity and toxin compositions of wild and cultured scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis), collected from coastal waters near Kangnung of East Sea, were examined from January to June, 1997. By mouse bioassay methods, the toxicity was detected with low toxicity of $2 MU\;g^{-1}$, and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin was detected in the specimens from 30 April to 15 May by HPLC. GTXs and PXs were identified as the major toxin components.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.261-263
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• 2017

Anisakis is a parasite with life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. Human infection, anisakiasis, occurs with the ingestion of raw infected seafood and usually presents with acute or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms from esophageal or gastric invasion. We report a rare caseinvolving the oral cavity. A 39-year-old male presented with oral and sub-sternal pain of one day duration after eating raw cuttlefish. Physical examination revealed areas of erythema and edema with a central white foreign particle on the labial and buccal mucosa. With microscopic field we could remove the foreign material from the lesions. The foreign material was confirmed to be Anisakis. Anisakis was also removed from the esophagus by esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The patient was discharged the following day without complication. Anisakiasis is frequently reported in Korea and Japan, countries where raw seafood ingestion is popular. The symptoms of acute anisakiasis include pain, nausea, and vomiting and usually begin 2-12 hours after ingestion. The differential diagnosis includes food poisoning, acute gastritis, and acute pancreatitis. A history of raw seafood ingestion is important to the diagnosis of anisakiasis. Treatment is complete removal of the Anisakis to relieve acute symptoms and prevent chronic granulomatous inflammation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2019

Since Kudoa septempuntata was identified as a causative agent of food poisoning associated with raw olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, interest and concern regarding the parasite have increased. However, there have been no investigations or reports of other Kudoa species infecting the fish (except for K. paralichthys, which infects the brain) in Korea. We found cysts filled with myxospores of Kudoa species in muscles of cultured olive flounder specimens and identified these to the species level. Mature spores were quadrate, measuring $8.7{\pm}0.5{\mu}m$ in length, $9.2{\pm}0.4{\mu}m$ in thickness, and $12.9{\pm}0.6{\mu}m$ in width. The spores containing 4 polar capsules had a length of $2.1{\pm}0.2{\mu}m$ and a width of $1.8{\pm}0.3{\mu}m$. The partial 18S and 28S rDNA of isolates showed 99-100% similarities with K. ogawai. Using these morphological and molecular analyses, the species was identified as K. ogawai. This study is the first report of K. ogawai infection in cultured olive flounder in Korea.