• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.652-659
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• 2021

Microorganism-derived compounds, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, and β-glucan were supplemented in the scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus (M. avidus) vaccine to verify the specify component contribution to the adjuvant effect. Vaccine was formulated with the inactivated M. avidus antigen (YS2, 4.44×10⁵ cells/fish) in combination with either peptidoglycan (10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish), lipoteichoic acid (5 ㎍ and 50 ㎍/fish), or β-glucan (10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish). Olive flounder injected with peptidoglycan supplemented vaccine (10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish) exhibited significant protection, and the relative percent survival (RPS) was 55% and 65% at 4 weeks post vaccination (wpv), respectively, at the corresponding doses. The vaccine groups with added lipoteichoic acid (5 ㎍ and 50 ㎍/fish) exhibited RPS of 40% and 5%, respectively. Additionally, the group with added β-glucan (100 ㎍/fish) exhibited RPS of 35%, but no effect was observed in the group with added 10 ㎍/fish β-glucan. At 8 wpv, olive flounder injected with peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid supplemented vaccines exhibited protection with RPS range of 11/11% and 5/21%, respectively, at the respective doses. M. avidus vaccine containing 10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish of β-glucan exhibited the RPS of 32% and 37%, respectively. Conclusively, peptidoglycan contributed in high protection of the M. avidus vaccine, and thus, it can be used as an effective adjuvant in the M. avidus vaccine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2023

Over the past 50 years, red sea bream Pagrus major has been selectively bred for more than 10 generations to improve its growth rate. However, the effect of genetic factors on growth under low- or non-fish meal diet is still unclear. Here, we analyzed 251 individuals randomly mating 21 females (dam) and 16 males (sire) to determine the difference in growth between non-fish meal (i.e., treatment group) and fish meal-based diet (i.e., control group), if any. The kinship coefficient between each group of individuals and their parents was estimated by the KING (Kinship-based Inference for GWASs) software package. The presumed parents of 74 individuals in the treatment group and 57 individuals in the control group could be effectively identified. Notably, one specific female was consistently related to high- rather than low-growth individuals in both groups. In addition, more than one parent in each group was related to either high- or low-growth individuals. Parents of both high-growth individuals in the treatment group and low-growth individuals in the control group were also identified. Although further study is required on various growth factors, this study suggests the possibility of selective breeding under non-fish meal diet.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2016

We investigated physiological changes in the freshwater cichlid, fish Maylandia lombardoi in response to different calcium concentrations in rearing water. Four different calcium concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 8 mM) were prepared in rearing water by the addition of ionized calcium (CaO) to examine the effect of various calcium concentrations in rearing water on physiological changes in the cichlid fish, M. lombardoi. Total calcium concentrations in plasma and body increased in a calcium concentration-dependent manner and reached the maximum at 8-mM calcium concentration. Stress-related cortisol was significantly decreased in the 8-mM group compared to the control group (0 mM). Lysozyme activity also significantly decreased in the 8-mM group. These results suggest that CaO in rearing water increases calcium uptake in fish and affects the body by decreasing stress and improving immunity in fish.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of dietary lipids and ovariectomy(OVX) on bone mass in rats. The experimental animals were divided into sham operation(S) or OVX(O) groups and then each group was divided into soybean oil(SS, OS), beef tallow(SB, OB), and fish oil(SF, OF) diet group. Experimental diets were fed for 16 weeks. Weight gain tended to be higher in OVX groups than in sham groups. Weigth gain was the highest in beef tallow group (SB) and the lowest in fish oil group(SF). There were no difference in weight, length, breaking force, strength and circumference of femur mong groups. However, volume of femur tended to be higher in OVX groups than in sham groups. Ash content of femur was significantly lower in OVX than sham groups but there were no difference between SB and OB group. Ca content in the soybean oil and beef tallow group were not influenced by OVX but Ca content in fish oil group was significantly higher in OF than SF group. The SB group showed the hyighest Ca content and the SF group showed the lowest Ca content. P content of femur was significantly lower in OVX groups than in sham groups but there were no difference between SB and OB group. The SS group showed the highest P content and the OS and OF group showed lower P content compare to other groups. From this result, it suggested that beef tallow positively influenced maintenance of bone mass by means of accumulation of body fat in ovariectomy.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1089-1094
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• 1996

검은툭눈붕어를 이용하여 tyrosinase 저해제가 어체의 melanogenesis에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 저해제로는 glutathione, cysteine, benzoic acid를 각각 5, 5, 1 mM씩울 혼합하여 첨가한 식품첨가물 처리구, 표고버섯을 주기질로 하여 Aspergillus oryzae를 발효시켜 얻은 microbial inhibitor 처리구, 설록차, 무, 팽이버섯, red chicory 등 4종의 식물체 추출액 혼합물 처리구로 나누어 효능을 평가하였다. 검은툭눈붕어를 0.9% NaCl 용액에서 일주일간 양식하면서 stress를 가하여 비늘의 melanin 농도를 높이고 다시 민물에 담고 각 처리구의 저해제를 첨가한 용액에서 6일간 양식한 후 가슴 부위, 측선 부위 및 등지느러미의 색을 색도계로 측정하고 현미경으로 melanin을 관찰하였을 때 식품 첨가물 처리구와 microbial inhibitor 처리구의 색은 대조구보다 명도와 yellowness가 높아진 것으로 나타나 melanogenesis 억제 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 한편, 농산물 처리구의 경우에도 미약하지만 효과가 인정되었다. 저해제를 처리한 검은툭눈붕어와 대조구 붕어의 측선 부위 비늘과 등지느러미를 설취하여 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 저해제 처리구에서는 단위 면적당 melanophore의 수가 감소하고 하나의 melanophore의 크기도 작아진 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2023

섬진강 하구와 광양만은 국내에서 유일하게 대규모 둑이 없는 자연상태를 유지하고 있어 생태학 및 경제학적으로 굉장히 중요한 위치에 있다. 또한, 다양한 어류의 주요 서식처로 알려져 있는 해역이다. 어류 군집에 대한 정보는 환경상태를 평가할 수 있는 적합한 지표군이기 때문에 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 2020년~2021년 5월과 9월에 총 8지점 섬진강 하구 (ES1~ES3)와 광양만 (ES4~ES8)에 출현하는 어종을 파악하고 어류 군집구조의 시공간적 변화를 파악하기 위해 조사를 진행하였다. 채집된 어류는 총 2강 14목 42과 68속 78종, 5,111개체가 채집되었다. 조사기간 내 채집된 우점종으로는 보구치가 2,370개체가 채집되었으며, 상대 풍부도 (Relative abundance)는 46.4%로 나타났다. 아우점종은 주둥치가 1,643개체가 채집되어 상대 풍부도 32.1%가 나타났다. 어류 군집은 Bray-Curtis 유사도에 따라 총 3개의 그룹으로 나타났으며, 각각 기수역, 연안의 내측과 외측으로 나누어졌다. 1그룹은 주로 담수역 지점과 기수역에서 서식하는 어류가 주로 채집되었으며, 3그룹에서는 연안에 서식하는 어류들만 채집되었다. ANOSIM (Analysis of similarity) 분석을 진행한 결과, Group 2와 Group 3 사이에서 가장 큰 유의한 차이 (ANOSIM R=0.783, p=0.001)가 나타났고, 두 그룹에 기여하는 종은 보구치와 갯장어였다. 본 연구는 섬진강 하구부터 연안 외측까지 공간에 따른 어류 군집 변화를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 공간에 따라 변화하는 주요종에 대한 장기적인 모니터링을 제시하며, 경제성이 높은 어종의 보호와 관리를 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the infection status with Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in Pseudorasbora parva from a tributary stream of Naktonggang (River) in Kangso-gu, Pusan. A total of 325 P. parva was collected in 4 sites using fish traps. They were transferred in the laboratory, measured the length and examined by artificial digestion method. In the site I, a total of 72 (80.0%) out of 90 fish examined was infected with 1~665 (112 in average) metacercariae of C. sinensis. The average number of metacercariae infected by the size of fish was 146 in the group of over 8 cm, 61 in 7.0~7.9 cm and 86 in below 6.9 cm. In the site II, a total of 50 (83.3%) out of 60 fish examined was infected with 1~178 (31 in average) metacercariae. The average number of metacercariae was 40 in the group of over 8 cm 35 in 7.0~7.9 cm, 23 in 6.0~6.9 cm and 25 in below 5.9 cm. In the site III, a total of 68 (97.1%) out of 70 fish examined was infected with 1~2,662 (508 in average) metacercariae. The average number of metacercariae was 679 in the group of over 7.0 cm, 444 in 6.0~6.9 cm and 426 in below 5.9 cm. In the site IV, a total of 103 (98.1%) out of 105 fish examined was infected with 1~1,536 (416 in average) metacercariae. The average number of metacercariae was 532 in the group of over 7 cm, 353 in 6.0~6.9 cm and 262 in below 5.9 cm. From the above results, it is confirmed that there are wide differences in the infection status of C. sinensis metacercariae in P. paeva according to investigation sites, and P. parva collected from the lower stream are more heavily infected than those from the upper stream.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of low fish meal (LFM) diet and black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens meal supplementation in LFM diet as a fish meal (FM) replacer or functional additive for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Three LFM diets were prepared to contain 30, 25, and 20% FM, respectively (designated as F30, F25, and F20). Three BSF diets were prepared by adding 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0% BSF in the LFM diets, respectively (designated as F30B2.0, F25B2.5, and F20B3.0). A total of 540 fish (initial mean body weight: 22.3±0.01g) were randomly distributed into 18 tanks (240 L) in triplicate groups and fed the experimental diets twice daily for 12 weeks. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the growth performance, feed utilization and survival among all the groups. Lysozyme activity significantly increased in F30B2.0 and F25B2.5 groups compared to their respective LFM groups. Total immunoglobulin was significantly higher in F30 group than in F20 group. Anti-protease and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly higher in F30B2.0 group than in F20 group. Innate immunity gradually decreased with decreasing FM level in all the groups. BSF supplementation significantly improved immunity compared to their respective LFM diets. Therefore, BSF could be used as an immuno-stimulant supplement in LFM diets for P. olivaceus.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

Time series of ocean climate indices and catch records were used to identify the alternation patterns of pelagic fish populations in relation to climate regime shifts. During 1910-2008, an orderly alternation of dominant pelagic fish groups was observed in the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC; Yellow Sea-East China Sea-East Sea/Japan Sea) and Kuroshio-Oyashio Current (KOC; Northwestern Pacific) regions. After the collapse of herring fishery in the late 1920s, the sardine (A group) dominated in the 1930s, 3 other species (C group; Pacific saury, jack mackerel, and anchovy) dominated in the 1950s-1960s, chub mackerel (B group) dominated in the 1970s, and then sardine (A group) dominated again during cool regime in the 1980s. As sardine biomass decreased in association with the climate regime shift that occurred in the late 1980s, catches of C group immediately increased after the regime shift and remained at high levels during warm regime in the 1990s. Alternations of dominant fish groups occurred 6 times between 1910 and 2008. The dominant period of the 7 species lasted for 10-20 years. The catch of Pacific sardine in the TWC and KOC regions showed a negative correlation with the catch of the other 5 species (Pacific herring, anchovy, jack mackerel, Pacific saury, and common squid), suggesting that the abundance of the 5 species is strongly affected by the abundance of Pacific sardine in relation to the climate regime shifts. The total catch level of the 7 species in the KOC region was generally higher than that in the TWC region before 1991 but was lower after 1992, suggesting that the fish populations in the Pacific side are shifted to the TWC region by zonal oscillation of the oceanic conditions in relation to the climate regime shift in the late 1980s.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1123-1131
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• 1997

This study examined the effect of dietary lipids and guar gum on lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats. The experimental animals received ovarietomy (OVX). Lipids sources were divided into 3 groups (soybean oil(SB), beef tallow(BT)) and fish oil(FO)) and guar gum was supplemented to each lipid diet (SBG, BTG, FOG). Experimental diets were fed to therats for 16 weeks. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the BT group and lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group .Serum total cholesterol (Tc) and HDL-C levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum LDL-C and phospholipid levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum lipids levels were lowered by guar gum supplement. Serum SFA(saturated fatty acids) contents were not significantly influenced by dietary lipids and guar gum. Serum MUFA(monounsaturated fatty acids) contents were the lowest in the SB group. Fecal weight was highest in the beef tallow group and lowest in the fish oil group. Fecal weight was increased by guar gum supplement in all lipid groups. Total bile acid content in feces was increased by guar gum supplement in the soybean oil and beef tallow groups. The endothelial cells of the beef tallow group changed from a flat shape to distorted round and enlarged shapes. The subendothelial layer was the thickness the thickest in the beef tallow group ; the interspace between elastic lamina was widened and elastic lamina was straightened and partly disrupted . The fish oil group showed more porminient endothelial cells and subendothelial layer. Internal elastic membrane and elastic lamina exhibited regularly wavy shapes. Guar gum supplement showed positive effects in all lipids groups. Based on the above results , it is suggested that beef tallow increased serum TG levels and injured the wall of the aorta. On the other hand, fish oil , which decreased serum lipid levels, has a positive effect on the walls of the aorta. Guar gum protects the aorta from injury by reducing the serum lipid levels. Therefore, it is suggested that soybean oil and beef tallow consumed with guar gum is beneficial.