• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.823-834
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• 2007

Interferon (IFN) alpha has been the first line therapy of chronic hepatitis B in children, but HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 26% of treated children compared to 11% of controls in multinational randomized controlled study. Recently, lamivudine was shown to be a potent inhibitor of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reproduction both in HBeAg positive and in HBeAg negative (the pre-core mutant form) chronic hepatitis in randomized studies worldwide. Lamivudine therapy led to considerable improvement in the seroconversion rate of HBeAg in children with chronic hepatitis B, though long-term therapy resulted in the expansion of lamivudine-resistant mutant viruses. Combination therapy with lamivudine plus alpha-IFN does not seem to improve HBe Ag seroconversion. Above all, the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B is universal HBV vaccination.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is often encountered in children with acute kidney injury. Besides the well-known shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated HUS, atypical HUS (aHUS) caused by genetic complement dysregulation has been studied recently. aHUS is a rare, chronic, and devastating disorder that progressively damages systemic organs, resulting in stroke, end-stage renal disease, and death. The traditional treatment for aHUS is mainly plasmapheresis or plasma infusion; however, many children with aHUS will progress to chronic kidney disease despite plasma therapy. Eculizumab is a newly developed biologic that blocks the terminal complement pathway and has been successfully used in the treatment of aHUS. Currently, several guidelines for aHUS, including the Korean guideline, recommend eculizumab as the first-line therapy in children with aHUS. Moreover, life-long eculizumab therapy is generally recommended. Further studies on discontinuation of eculizumab are needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.913-916
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• 2010

Congenital factor VII deficiency is a rare autosomal-recessive bleeding disorder. Bleeding manifestations and clinical findings vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic subjects to patients with hemorrhages that may cause significant handicaps. Treatment has traditionally involved factor VII(FVII) replacement therapy using fresh frozen plasma, prothrombin complex concentrates or plasma-derived FVII concentrates. Recombinant activated FVII ($NovoSeven^{(R)}$) is currently considered the first-line treatment for replacement therapy of FVII deficiency. Here we present a case of severe intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage in a neonate with congenital FVII deficiency.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.229-233
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• 2011

In the pediatric literature, excessive crying has been reported solely in association with 3-month colic and is described, if at all, as unexplained crying and fussing during the first 3 months of life. The bouts of crying are generally thought to be triggered by abdominal colic (over-inflation of the still immature gastrointestinal tract), and treatment is prescribed accordingly. According to this line of reasoning, excessive crying is harmless and resolves by the end of the third month without long-term consequences. However, there is evidence that it may cause tremendous distress in the mother-infant relationship, and can lead to disorders of behavioral and emotional regulation at the toddler stage (such as sleep and feeding disorders, chronic fussiness, excessive clinginess, and temper tantrums). Early treatment of excessive crying focuses on parent-infant communication, and parent-infant interaction in the context of soothing and settling the infant to sleep is a promising approach that may prevent later behavioral and emotional disorders in infancy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.199-201
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• 2015

Chondrosarcoma is a rare entity of malignant tumor which arises from cartilaginous tissue, and the literatures on this disease are scarce. The first-line of treatment for cardiac chondrosarcoma is surgery. Due to early local recurrence and distant metastasis, the prognosis is poor even after complete surgical excision. We present a case of chondrosarcoma in the left atrium causing functional mitral stenosis which required urgent surgical intervention, and the successful treatment outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 1999

After studying several methods of the application a device of a treated sewage in anticipation of the future shortage of the duty of water, we could have some conclusion as the following : Advanced treatment systems arc essential prerequisites in reusing a treated sewage. And in a short term, the application of reusing a treated sewage should go first to new building areas near the sewage but for the long run, it should cover the whole area of Taegu, it is desirable that the pipe line networks which include dual water systems as well as water supply should be spread throughout the whole city. The city authorities have to make every effort to step up publicity activities on this plan to all the citizens and building owners to steadily carry out this project and encourage private constructors to participate with the help of SOC. And for the long run, it is desirable that the application of reusing a treated sewage should be obligatory.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.77-80
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• 2019

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) is rare among skin malignancies. C-ALCL usually manifests as reddish or violet nodules. Surgical excision or radiation therapy is generally considered as first-line therapy, but a clinically aggressive disease may require multiagent chemotherapy. Establishing a proper diagnosis of C-ALCL is challenging but should be made to avoid inappropriate treatment and its consequences. The authors report a case of medically resolved C-ALCL in an 81-year-old man presented with well-defined nodular lesions on the forehead.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2015

Chylothorax is a rare postoperative complication of a thoracic surgical procedure. Here, we report a case of chylothorax after thoracic endovascular aortic repair with debranching for the distal arch aneurysm of the aorta. First, the patient was treated by a medical method (nil per os, fat-free diet, and octreotide), but this method failed. The patient strongly refused surgical treatment. Therefore, we tried to occlude the thoracic duct by lymphangiography Lipiodol, and this line of treatment was successful.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2021

Chronic Achilles tendon rupture is likely to result in functional impairment in gait and sports activity. The presence of a large defect secondary to retraction of the tendon ends, atrophy of the calf muscles, and vulnerable vascularity of the soft tissue envelope make it a challenging problem to treat. Surgical reconstruction aims to restore the length and tension of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. Various surgical treatment options have been described, depending on several factors, including residual gap size after scar tissue removal, remaining tissue quality, and vascularity. Despite good results being reported, there is a lack of high-level, evidence-based clinical guidelines available to select the first-line surgical procedure. This paper overviews the current available surgical options for patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2022

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury without any association with preceding diarrhea. Dysregulation of the complement system is the most common cause of aHUS, and monoclonal humanized anti-C5 antibodies are now recommended as the first-line treatment for aHUS. However, if the complement pathway is not the cause of aHUS, C5 inhibitors are ineffective. In this study, we report the second reported case of aHUS caused by DGKE mutations in Republic of Korea. The patient was an 11-month-old infant who presented with prodromal diarrhea similar to typical HUS, self-remitted with conservative management unlike complement-mediated aHUS but recurred with fever. While infantile aHUS often implies genetic dysregulation of the complement system, other rare genetic causes, such as DGKE mutation, need to be considered before deciding long-term treatment with C5 inhibitors.