• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.30-37
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• 2008

We have performed the inflammability test for various flooring materials through a radiant heat panel tester by using the specification KSISO 9239-1 (an examination method of flooring materials) that has been set as an international standard for the fire prevention means of interior flooring materials. We have measured the flame spread distance, critical heat flux and smoke density generated by the fire of various flooring materials while using the radiant heat panel tester. The measurement result has shown the burning characteristics different from each other by the respective flooring materials and we could see that the surface materials and construction elements influence greatly on the heat release and smoke generation. We could see that the evaluation method above is an important test method in evaluating the critical heat flux, smoke generation and flame spread distance that are Important factors in studying for fire risks and it is judged that setting and applying a fire evaluation method of flooring materials suitable for the domestic construction use would be relevant.

• Fire Protection Technology
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• s.14
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• pp.56-62
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• 1993

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2002

This paper describes the smoke filling process of a fire field model based on a self-deve-loped SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) code to the simulation of fire induced flows in the two types of atrium space containing a ceiling heat flux. The SMEP using PISO algorithm solves conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and species, together with those for the modified k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with buoyancy production term. Also it solves the radiation equation using the discrete ordinates method. Compressibility is assumed and the perfect gas law is used. Comparison of the calculated upper-layer average tempera-ture and smoke layer clear height with the zone models has shown reasonable agreement. The zone models used are the CFAST and the NBTC one-room. For atrium fires with ceiling glass the ceiling heat flux by solar heat causes a high smoke temperature near the ceiling. However, it has no effect on the smoke movement such as the smoke layer clear heights that are important in fire safety. In conclusion, the smoke layer clear heights that are important in evacuation activity except the early of a fire were not as sensitive as the smoke layer tem-perature to the nature of ceiling heat flux condition. Thus, a fire sensor in atrium with ceiling glass has to consider these phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-43
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• 2013

The present study has been conducted to investigate the fire combustion properties and fire behavior of an IEEE-383 qualified flame retardant cable. The reference reaction rate and reference temperature which are commonly used in pyrolysis model of fire propagation process was obtained by the thermo-gravimetric analysis of the cable component materials. The mass fraction of FR-PVC sheath abruptly decreased near temperature range of $250{\sim}260^{\circ}C$ and its maximum reaction rate was about $2.58{\times}10^{-3}$[1/s]. For the XLPE insulation of the cable, the temperature causing maximum mass fraction change was ranged about $380{\sim}390^{\circ}C$ and it has reached to the maximum reaction rate of $5.10{\times}10^{-3}$[1/s]. The flame retardant cable was burned by a pilot flame meker buner and the burning behavior of the cable was observed during the fire test. Heat release rate of the flame retardant cable was measured by a laboratory scale oxygen consumption calorimeter and the mass loss rate of the cable was calculated by the measured cable mass during the burning test. The representative value of the effective heat of combustion was evaluated by the total released energy integrated by the measured heat release rate and burned mass. This study can contribute to study the electric cable fire and provide the pyrolysis properties for the computational modeling.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.982-988
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• 2007

The input data for the interior material of the train is one of the key points for enhancing the accuracy of fire simulation. In this study, we investigated the Fire Test Methods for the Fire Dynamic Simulator modeling for railroad passenger trains. We should get the thermal inputs such as ignition temperature, conductivity, specific heat, vaporization heat, effective heat release. With the simple conduction model for cone-calorimeter test, they could get more than HRR. Kinds of methodology were introduced for better thermal data for real material.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.398-403
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• 2009

The theoretical bases on characteristics of heat release rate in compartment of building for scenario of smoke management are introduced and the numerical applications to simple compartment model are carried out. The growth stage which is important for smoke management design is modelled as t-squared fire curve including fire growth coefficient with related to growth rate. The conditions for the happening of flashover is presented such as $600^{\circ}C$ of temperature or $20kW/m^2$ of radiation heat flux. After the flashover happen, the fire in compartment changes to fully developed fire having the characteristics of ventilation-controlled fire. As the result of numerical analysis to simple compartment model, the time to reach 900K under ceiling for condition of medium growth is twice for condition of fast growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2020

Recently, a building fire has occurred due to various influences. Accordingly, we are developing an public safety & security unmanned aerial vehicle for fire prevention and initial response to fire. The public safety & security unmanned aerial vehicle is used to grasp the traffic route to enter the fire engine in the event of a fire in a dense structure and to determine the scale of the fire and the area of danger of collapse around the fire site. In this study, an environmental test of the public safety & security unmanned aerial vehicle's heat resistance was performed in an environment simulating a fire scene.

• 연구논문집
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• s.29
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• pp.49-55
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• 1999

Heat release rate used to characterize the fire is an important factor for determining the fire size, the fire growth and the time for suppression and evacuation. The purpose of present work is to review theoretical backgrounds and to introduce equations for estimation of heat release rate with oxygen consumption method in fires. Our work also shows the experimental results of applications for liquid fuels. The oxygen concentration is measured by the analyzer of paramagnetic type. The analyzers of Infra-Red type are used to measure the concentrations of $CO_2$ and CO gas. Time delays of analyzers are ignored.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.3 s.67
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study aims to derive the operation method of a comprehensive ventilation system which is capable of providing passengers with safe exit paths from platforms in onboard fire situations. To accomplish this, the airflow distributions in subway platforms under 6 types of tunnel vent system were calculated in addition to having analyzed diffusion behaviors of smoke and heat exhaust in such states by performing 6 kinds of different ventilation scenarios in a 3-D Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS) simulation model. In order to recommend the mechanical smoke exhaust operation mode, Subway Environmental Simulation(SES) is used to predict the airflow of the inlet and outlet tunnel for the subway station to clarify the safety evaluation fir the heat and smoke exhaust on subway fire events.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.821-827
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• 2003

Reduced-scale experimental study was carried out on the heat flow behavior which flows under the sloped ceiling in underground fire. Temperature and flow velocity were measured to characterize the ceiling jet along the sloped stairway ceiling. The methanol fuel was used as a model fire source giving 2.2 and 3.4 kW, with changing the slope angle of stairway adopting of 15, 25, 35, and 45 deg. Based on the experimental data, excess temperature and velocity along the sloped stairway ceiling were examined which are usefully applicable to estimate the activating conditions of heat detector and sprinkler head mounted on the sloped ceiling. Excess temperature in upper exit of the sloped stairway was also examined to analyze the soffit which delays the smoke diffusion. The result shows that the activating conditions of heat detector and sprinkler in the sloped stairway ceiling have to be considered differently in a point of about 30 deg.