• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.12
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• pp.1619-1625
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• 2018

Portable electronic devices secondary batteries can cause fire and explosion due to micro-current change in addition to the situation of short-circuit inrush current, safety can not be secured with a general operation limited current fuse. Therefore, in secondary battery, it is necessary for the protector to satisfy both the limit current type operation in the open-short-circuit inrush current and the current detection operation characteristic in the micro current change situation and for this operation, a fuse for the current detection type secondary battery protection circuit can be applied. The purpose of this study is to design a protection device that operates stably in the hazardous situation of small capacity secondary battery for portable electronic devices through the design of low melting fuse elements alloy of sensing type fuse and secures stability in abnormal current state. As a result of the experiment, I-T and V-T operation characteristics are satisfied in a the design of the alloy of the current sensing type self-contained low melting point fuse and the resistance of the heating resistor. It is confirmed that it can prevent accidents of short circuit over-current and micro current change of secondary battery.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

LPG(Liquefied Petroluem Gas) Vehicles in metropolitan area being applied to improve air quality and have been proven effective for the reduction of air pollution. These gas stations are required to safe the storage tank because of possibility of causing huge loss of life and property. While storage tanks above ground have potential risk of explosion if fire breaks out and those under-ground are difficult to inspect due to poor accessibility neither above nor under-ground tank can serve us well. This study used the RPS-TRIZ (Rapidly Problem Solving-Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch) technique and suggested the use of under-ground containment storage tank as a solution for safety issues and safety inspection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.87-101
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• 2012

In gas industries, the potential risks of serious accidents have been increased due to high technology application and process complexities. Especially, in case of gas-related accidents, the extent of demage is out of control since gas plants handle and produce combustible, flammable, explosive and toxic materials in large amounts. The characteristics of this kind of disaster is that accident frequency is low, while the impact of damage is high, extending to the neighboring residents, environment and related industries as well as employees involved. The hydrogen gases treated important things and it used the basic material of chemical plants and industries. Since 2000, this gas stood in the spotlight the substitution energy for reduction of the global warming in particular however it need to compress high pressure(more than 150 bar.g) and store by using the special cylinders due to their low molecular weight. And this gas led to many times the fire and explosion due to leak of it. To reduce these kinds of risks and accidents, it is necessary to improve the new safety management system through a risk management after technically evaluating potential hazards in this process. This study is to carry out the quantitative risk assesment for hydrogen filling plant which are very dangerous(fire and explosive) and using a basic materials of general industries. As a results of this risk assessment, identified the elements important for safety(EIS) and suggested the practical management tools and verified the reliability of this risk assessment model through case study of accident.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2013

The lowest values of the AITs(Autoignition temperatures) in the literature were normally used fire and explosion protection. In this study, the AITs of n-Propanol+n-Octane system were measured from ignition delay time(time lag) by using ASTM E659 apparatus. The AITs of n-Propanol and n-Octane which constituted binary systems were $435^{\circ}C$ and $218^{\circ}C$, respectively. The experimental ignition delay time of n-Propanol+n-Octane system were a good agreement with the calculated ignition delay time by the proposed equations with a few A.A.D.(average absolute deviation).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.1 s.26
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

Hydrogen is considered to be the most important future energy carrier in many applications reducing significantly greenhouse gas emissions, but the safety issues associated with hydrogen applications need to be investigated and fully understood to be applicable as the carrier. Therefore, there is a considerable demand for further research concerning the dispersion of hydrogen/air mixture clouds and the possible consequences of their ignition. In this study, the dispersion of hydrogen gas in atmosphere has been analysed with atmospheric condition by concerning the buoyancy of hydrogen. The hazard ranges to wind direction increase with wind speed and the stability of atmosphere. The concentration of hydrogen at just above ground is nearly zero due to buoyancy of hydrogen gas. Therefore, the ignition probability of hydrogen gas cloud is low and the hazard of explosion or fire associated with hydrogen gas is relatively low comparing with the other fuel gas such as propane or butane.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

The advancement of industry have increased domestic energy demands and energy facilities such as storage facility, compressed gas pipe, station, and tank lorry. Also, concern about environment have diversified energy source to clean energy such as LNG. In these major energy facilities, major accident can happen to result in fire, explosion, toxic release and etc. In addition, it may cause chain accidents to the adjacent energy facilities. In this research, safety assessment was performed through the consequence analysis of LPG liquefied petroleum gas) station, gasoline station and LNG(liquiefied natural gas) station. The obtained result will be helpful to make a safety guideline of the LPG/LNG station built adjacent to the gasoline station.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 2018

In the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient(API) manufacturing company, since the product is produced by the chemical reaction, fire and explosion are frequently occurred in the process of inputting the raw powder as the chemical reaction stage. There are not many studies on safety measures through analysis of cause of accident in the actual chemical reaction stage. In this study, we investigated the heat flow in the boron removal reaction process to investigate the risk in the chemical reaction stage. The study reaction process was performed by using the reaction calorimeter for the products synthesized at the actual raw material in pharmaceutical factory. The risk was estimated by comparing the maximum temperature of the synthesis reaction, which can generate heat due to the failure of cooling in the actual manufacturing process, and the technical temperature. These results are applied to commercial manufacturing sites and safety measures to control the risk of runaway reaction due to reaction heat are suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Risk assessment and analysis for a medium-to-small sized chemical plant that manufactures a polyester resin by the process of batch-type condensation reaction was conducted using K-PSR technique which is one of the risk assessment methods used to implement the Process Safety Management System (PSM). K-PSR is a risk assessment technique developed by KOSHA to compensate for difficulties caused by the lack of infrastructure of medium-to-small sized chemical plants in the re-evaluation. To apply the K-PSR technique, the entire process of a selected chemical palnt was classified in two review sections, i.e., the condensation reaction process and the dilution/filtration process, and the potential risks of the process about these review sections were identified and classified based on the four guide-words (release, fire.explosion, process trouble, and injury). As the results of the research, refer to recommend of risk rating has been confirmed that non-destructive testing of old facilities and the preparation of LOTO procedures for the electrical equipments are necessary as specific measures to prevent the risk of release and fire.explosion. It was also shown that pressure gauges and thermometers should be installed on the hot-oil supply piping to minimize the process trouble, and exhausting hood should be installed to prevent potential injury.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.376-382
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• 2008

There are many accidents such as fire and explosion in laboratories that have caused a great loss to lives and property in spite of the effort to the enhancement of laboratory safety level for years. Development of laboratory safety management system is a necessary to improve safety level because the accidents of similar types have periodically occurred in laboratories. The laboratory safety management system may reduce many accidents and a serious loss in laboratory. In this study, we summarized major items for a risk management and safety improvement based on the analysis results of various accidents in the laboratories. And then the laboratory safety management system was developed containing a laboratory safety management manual, a laboratory management system, a education management system, a MSDS (material safety data sheet) management system and a laboratory safety audit system. It may have a potential application for the laboratory safety management in the chemical laboratories.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.857-864
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• 2012

Reviewing the statistics of harbor shipment of hazardous and noxious substance and the past spill accidents of HNS enabled us to assess the potential risks of transportation of HNS through the major harbors in Korea. Ulsan, Yeosu, Daesan port are relatively evaluated high risk in fire, health and environment disaster. Through the analysis of domestic preparedness to HNS accidents, the supplement of expertise resource to respond the vulnerability of the explosion, the fire and the physiological hazard, is required. Based on this risk assessment and review of the advanced case of Japan in building up HNS response system, a resource model at a national level was proposed which differentiates the sea areas for the proper allocation of resources to respond effectively to HNS accidents in the future.