• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Among the various cases of fire accident, gas accident which is roost essential have a lot of forms and causes. The quantity consumed of gas is increasing because of increment of gas-using families and variations of gas machinery. The quantity consumed of gas in 2007 was 35078 tons and the average rate of increasement was 9.4%. The amount of gas accident was on the peak at 1995 when 557 accidents occurred in a year. In 2007, 123 gas accidents was occurred and the average rate of diminution was 11.5%. Accidents by LP gas took 80% of the whole accident and city gas and high pressure gas took 20%. In case of LP gas, accidents were usually occurred because of lack of blocking after the removal of gas machinery and moveable butane burner. Especially, the accidents cause by carelessness of a provider is increasing. Gas accidents which generate damage of human life and property, are caused by users' carelessness, providers' carelessness, inferiority of structure and old products. In this thesis, We will classify the gas accidents. Furthermore through the classification of accidents by forms, causes and regions, this thesis going to be a reference to understand and prevent the accidents.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2000

Accident statistics shows that the portion of fatal occupant injuries due to side impacts is considerably high. The side impact usually leads to a severe intrusion of side structure into the passenger compartment. Furthermore, the safety zone for the side impact is relatively small compared to the front impact. Those kinds of physics for side impact frequently result in a fatal injury for the occupant. Therefore, NHTSA and EEVC are trying to intensify the regulation for the occupant protection against side impact. Both the regulation and recent market trends are asking for an installation of side airbag. There are several types of system configuration for side impact sensing. In this paper, we adopt the acceleration-based remote sensing method for the side airbag control system. We mainly focus on the development of hardware and crash discrimination algorithm of remote sensing unit. The crash discrimination algorithm needs fast decision of airbag firing especially for high-speed side impact such as FMVSS 214 and EEVC tests. It is also required to distinguish between low-speed fire and no-fire events. The algorithm should have a sufficient safety margin against any misuse situation such as hammer blow, door slam, etc. This paper introduces several firing criteria such as acceleration. velocity and energy criteria that use physical value proportional to crash severity. We have made a simulation program by using Matlab/Simulink to implement the proposed algorithm. We have conducted an algorithm calibration by using real crash data for 2,500cc vehicle. The crash performance obtained by the simulation was verified through a pulse injection method. It turned out that the results satisfied the system requirements well.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

Based on the Statistical Yearbook of 119 Emergency Medical Services in 2017 (National Fire Agency, 2018) and Population Projection by Province: 2015~2045 (Statistics Korea, 2017), this study analyzed the effects of population changes, such as low fertility and aging on the use of ambulance services in the future. The population of Korea is expected to decline after peaking in 2031, but the number of elderly people aged over 70 is expected to continue to increase. The rates of emergency ambulance transport (REAT, the number of patients transferred per 1,000 inhabitants) are not changed significantly, compared to the recent trends, but the ambulance services for elderly over 70 years of age will increase exponentially. Therefore, the population changes due to low fertility and aging is accompanied by a quantitative and qualitative change in ambulance services, and from the long term perspectives, it is necessary to consider not only the effective response of ambulance services due to aging, but also the adjustment of existing jurisdictions due to population changes and the relocation of manpower and resources.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.495-507
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the current status of legal disputes that occur while firefighters are performing their duties and to suggest efficient response measures. To investigate awareness of legal disputes, a survey was conducted on 3,500 firefighters, and the responses of 505 people who participated in the survey were analyzed. As a research method, frequency analysis and cross-analysis were conducted based on the demographic characteristics of the participants and a survey of firefighters' awareness of the law, and through this, basic statistics and status were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that firefighters feel a lot of burden, including time and material losses, as well as disadvantages and mental anxiety in the workplace when legal disputes occur while performing their duties. The need for an organizational response in the workplace as an efficient response to this was statistically confirmed. Therefore, based on the results of this study, we propose the permanent establishment and operation of a professional legal support team within each city/provincial fire department headquarters so that firefighters can concentrate on their duties free from legal disputes.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

The most urgent requirement in the event of disaster and fire in a skyscraper is to establish a system that enables people inside to evacuate safely. Hence, a practical direction needs to give evacuees confidence in the evacuation by reducing the psychological anxiety caused by the relatively large number of people inside and at the same time, the physically prolonged evacuation travel line. Evacuation tests with large numbers of people were conducted three times to solve these challenges and identify phenomena and issues that occurred during the experiment. The results revealed the factors that could cause a delay in evacuation and suggested improvements. The study results of this paper are as follows. First, a recent fire at a multipurpose high-rise resulted in a number of casualties due to a lack of experience with the disaster prevention system. To prevent such cases from occurring in advance, adaptability was achieved by conducting evacuation tests. Second, the data collected in the evacuation simulation statistics and the actual escape drills were compared and analyzed. Third, in the evacuation experiment, a large number of people could not participate in the experiment. The reasons for not participating were analyzed and their impact on the actual evacuation time was confirmed. Fourth, equipment aids were purchased to establish the optimal response measure to the causes of a delay in escape time and the standards for ensuring the safety of the evacuee were specified by developing improvements to minimize the evacuation delay time through comparative before and after analysis of the experiment. These results can be used for fire safety control of skyscrapers to improve the efficiency of evacuation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3815-3823
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to closely examine the influence of field-shock experience and post traumatic stress perceived by fire officials upon somatic symptoms and coping methods. A survey was carried out targeting 362 male and female fire officials who are working at fire safety centers where are located in Gangwon-do Province. The collected data were used SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 19.0 for Windows. It carried out frequency analysis, factor analysis for validity and reliability, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. For hypothesis verification, an analysis was carried out by using structural equation modeling. All the statistical analyses were set for the significant level in p<.05. The results are as follows. First, the perceived field-shock stress was indicated to have influence upon post traumatic stress. Second, the perceived field-shock stress was indicated to have influence upon somatic symptom. Third, the perceived field-shock stress was indicated to have influence upon a coping method. Fourth, the post traumatic stress was indicated to have influence upon somatic symptom. Fifth, the post traumatic stress was indicated to have influence upon a coping method. Sixthly, the somatic symptom was indicated to have influence upon a method of coping with stress.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.145-156
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• 2021

Forest fires have frequently occurred around the world, and the damages are increasing. In Korea, most forest fires are initiated by human activities, but climate factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed have a great impact on combustion environment of forest fires. In this study, therefore, based on statistics of forest fires in Gyeonggi-do over the past five years, meteorological and hydrological factors (i.e., temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and drought) were selected in order to quantitatively investigate causal relationships with forest fire. We applied a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), which is suitable for analyzing causality and predicting latent variables. The overall results indicated that the measurement and structural models of the PLS-SEM were statistically significant for all evaluation criteria, and meteorological factors such as humidity, temperature, and wind speed affected by amount of -0.42, 0.23 and 0.15 of standardized path coefficient, respectively, on forest fires, whereas hydrological factor such as drought had an effect of 0.23 on forest fires. Therefore, as a practical method, the suggested model can be used for analyzing and evaluating influencing factors of forest fire and also for planning response and preparation of forest fire disasters.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.1-19
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• 2005

The following matters were confirmed through the analysis of casualties due to fires in Korea, Japan, and the U.S. in this paper. 1 Korean statistics are not the most detailed of the three countries about casualties due to fires, so we need to have detailed statistics of them on casualties more. 2. Korean deaths are the lowest by 10-11 people due to fires per one million of population. Those of Japan are 15-17 and about 12 people in the U.S.; decreased about 2/3 only for a quarter of a century. 3. Korean deaths are on the decrease about 1.5 people per 100 cases due to fires,3.5 in Japan and 0.2-0.3 in the U.S. Likewise, Korean injuries are on the decrease per 100 cases due to fires From 14.9 in 1977 to 5.1 in 2001 and 5.3 in 2002. In the U.S., the figure was 1.0-1.6. but after the year 1994, it was 1.2 or so. It tends to some increase to 2.6-2.8 in Japan. Therefore, when fires are happened, the death probability is the highest in Japan and 15 times higher than that of the U.S. The injury probability is the highest in Korea and 5 times higher than that of the U.S. 4. Fire deaths rate is the highest in the U.S. about $80\%$ due to home fires (including apartments) among all deaths. Japan tends to decrease of $55\%$. Recently, in case of Korea. it is similar level to that of Japan. 5. Korean aged people of 65 years old and over exceeded by $7\%$ in 2000 and entered an aging society, so It Is time to Investigate and take effect policies to reduce the death of the aged . Japan has ahead a super-aged society that exceeds $20\%$ of the people over the age 65, and many of them die of fire. Consequently, Japan has taken effect policies to reduce deaths from 10 years or more than before. Therefore, it is a good proposal to analyze the policies of Japan deeply and study introduction of them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2002

Recently the car and elevator accidents as well as the fire, explosion and collapse increased. The passenger elevator accident from 1993 year to 2001 year has about 56.7% of total accidents and the human victims of 180 according to the Korea Elevator Safety Institute. Accident cause and prevention were investigated for the elevator having the fall, impact and narrowness accident types. The prevention and protection methods of the elevator accident from analysis results were suggested by comparing and analogizing the accident statistics about the accident investigation of the passenger elevator according to the elevator accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

Even if several chemical accident prevention systems such as PSM(Process Safety Management), RMP(Risk Management Plan), etc. have been carried out, many chemical accidents have still occurred at industrial plants in Korea. We describe the status of chemical industry and the trend of occurrence of chemical accidents in Korea. And this paper analyzes the recent chemical accidents in eight ways. These ways include chemical accident forms, ignition sources, sources of chemical equipment, human vs equipment/material causes, worker's working situation, employee scale, hazardous substances, week & time, fatalities of manufacture & contractor's workers. Finally we proposes the four representative prevention measures brought to result of cause analysis by accident statistics.