• 제목/요약/키워드: Fire sign

검색결과 55건 처리시간 0.024초

CaZr(BO3)2 세라믹스의 마이크로웨이브 유전특성 (Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaZr(BO3)2 Ceramics)

  • 남명화;김효태;김종희;남산
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제44권5호
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 2007
  • The microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of dolomite type borates, $CaZr(BO_3)_2$ ceramics prepared by conventional mixed oxide method were explored. The sintering temperature of $CaZr(BO_3)_2$ ceramics could be reduced from $1150^{\circ}C\;to\;925^{\circ}C$ with little amount of sintering additives. Microwave dielectric properties of 3 wt% $Bi_2O_3-CuO$ added $CaZr(BO_3)_2$ ceramics sintered at $925^{\circ}C$ were $K{\approx}10.4,\;Q{\times}f{\approx}80,000GHz\;and\;TCF{\approx}+2ppm/^{\circ}C$. Thus obtained LTCC tape was co-fired with Ag paste for compatibility test and revealed no sign of Ag reaction with the ceramics. Therefore, $CaZr(BO_3)_2$ ceramics is considered as a possible candidate material for low temperature co-fired multilayer devices.

Completeness of Patient Care Report (PCR) by Paramedics

  • Lee, HyoJu;Kim, JongHo;Yun, Seong Woo
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.204-211
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    • 2022
  • This study evaluated the completeness of patient care report (PCR). A retrospective quality analysis was conducted using raw data of 122,140 EMS activity reports prepared by paramedics in Gyeonggi-do from April 1 to May 31, 2021. In all, 67,830 cases of normal transfers were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22, and statistical significance was set at p<0.5. The 119EMT_2 certificate was omitted in 50,037 (73.8%) cases, followed by time-related items in 1,227 (1.8%) cases. In the primary assessment of vital signs, systolic blood pressure was omitted and erroneous in 1,218 (1.9%) and 1,129 (1.8%) cases, respectively. In the secondary assessment, the completeness of all vital sign items was approximately 70%. Advanced emergency care and online medical control (OLMC) reporting showed discrepancies in all items. As the severity of the patient's condition increased, the errors in the Patient care report (PCR) also increased, at a significant level (p= .00). Paramedics must be aware of the importance of completing the activity report.

농촌지역 재난안전마을 만들기 활성화를 위한 컨텐츠 마련에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Preparation of Contents for Promoting the Establishment of a Disaster Safety Village in Rural Areas)

  • 구원회;백민호
    • 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.387-398
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    • 2018
  • 연구목적 : 한국과 일본의 재난안전마을 관련 운영 컨텐츠 사례를 조사 및 분석하여 농촌지역 특성에 맞는 재난안전마을 구축사업 시 적용하기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 한국과 일본의 재난안전마을 관련 사업 컨텐츠 현황을 주민참여, 구조적, 법 제도 환경적으로 분류하여 조사 및 분석을 통해 특성을 살펴보았으며 농촌지역 특성에 맞는 재난안전마을 컨텐츠(안)을 제시하였다. 연구결과 : 주민참여 컨텐츠는 유관기관과 연계한 기초안전교육, 심폐소생술 교육, 대피소 생활 체험 훈련, 대피 훈련, 농촌활동과 재난활동 병행 훈련, 마을 안전지도 만들기 등이 있으며 법 제도 환경적 컨텐츠는 재난안전마을 구축을 위한 법, 조례 제정, 전문가 파견제도, 풍수해보험 제도, 마을만들기 기금조성을 위한 펀드 제도 등을 제시하였다. 또한 구조적인 컨텐츠는 자립형 대피소, 무선 대피 안내 방송시스템, 하천재해 방재시스템, 재난안전 안내 표지판, 마을안전지도 표지판 제작, 방재공원 구축 등을 제시하였다. 결론 : 법 제도 환경적 컨텐츠는 법/제도 마련을 위한 기반 구축이고 구조적 컨텐츠는 안전성을 확보하는 것과 더불어 농촌지역 환경을 고려한 친환경 공법을 활용하여 설치해야 한다. 또한 주민참여는 농촌마을의 주민의 연령, 특성, 환경 등 다양한 항목을 고려하여 컨텐츠를 활용해야 한다.

반복적 염수침지가 강섬유 혼입 콘크리트의 휨성능에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Repeated Wet/Dry Cycles of Salt Solution on Flexural Performance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete)

  • 김지현;최유진;정철우
    • 한국건축시공학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.553-564
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    • 2022
  • 콘크리트는 건설분야의 대표적인 복합재료로써 아주 우수한 재료이나, 불균질성을 가진 취성적 재료로 휨이나 인장력에 대해 취약한 거동을 보인다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 다양한 종류의 섬유를 보강한 콘크리트를 활용하고 있다. 특히, 강섬유는 다른 고분자 섬유에 비해 시장성이 좋으며 우수한 역학적 성능을 가지고 있어 콘크리트 보강재로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 해양 환경에 노출된 부위에 시공할 때 염소이온 침투에 따른 부식의 영향으로 콘크리트의 내구성을 저하시킨다는 문제점을 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반복적 연수침지가 강섬유 혼입 콘크리트에 미치는 다양한 영향들에 관해 평가해 보고자 하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 37주간의 반복적 염수 침지 기간 동안 콘크리트의 상대동탄성 계수의 감소는 관찰되지 않았고, 염수 침지 종료 후의 휨강도의 감소도 발생하지 않았다. 반복시험 종료 후 시편의 파단면 육안 관찰 시 강섬유 부식의 증거는 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 휨인성은 감소하였는데, 이는 콘크리트 시편의 절반 정도가 휨 시험의 최대 측정변위인 3mm지점에 도달하지 못하고 파괴가 발생하였기 때문이다. 비록 반복적 염수침지가 강섬유의 부식을 통한 콘크리트 균열을 발생시키지 못하더라도, 휨인성에는 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 해양환경에 강섬유 보강 콘크리트를 사용 시 이를 유의해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

BaSn(BO3)2세라믹스의 저온소결 및 유전특성 (Low-Temperature Sintering and Dielectric Properties of BaSn(BO3)2 Ceramics)

  • 남명화;김효태;황준철;남중희;여동훈;김종희;남산
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 2006
  • Dolomite type $BaSn(BO_3)_2$ ceramics with rhombohedral crystal structure has been synthesized via solid state reaction route. Dielectric properties were measured for the samples sintered at $1050\~1200^{\circ}C$ for 2 h in air. Dielectric constant, loss tangent, and temperature coefficient were increased with sintering temperature due to the evolution of $BaSnO_3$, secondary, phase. Optimum dielectric properties were obtained at the $BaSn(BO_3)_2$ ceramics sintered at $1100^{\circ}C.\;CuO/Bi_2O_3$ was added to $BaSn(BO_3)_2$ ceramics to lower the sintering temperature for LTCC application, then Co and Fe-based coloring agents were added for colorizing the LTCC tape. Typical dielectric properties of $BaSn(BO_3)_2$ ceramics with $5 wt\%\;CuO/Bi_2O_3\;and\;3wt\%$ Co-coloring agent that sintered at $900^{\circ}C$ were $\varepsilon_r=9.89,\;tan{\delta}=0.92\times10^{-3},\;and\;TCC=112ppm/^{\circ}C$. Thus obtained LTCC tape was co-fired with Ag paste for compatibility test and revealed no sign of Ag reaction with the ceramics.

주기 신호 검출을 통한 거짓 경보 제거 기능을 갖춘 비디오 화염 감지 기법 (Video Flame Detection with Periodicity Analysis Based False Alarm Rejection)

  • 이상학
    • 한국전자통신학회논문지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.479-485
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    • 2011
  • 비디오 기반 화염 감지 기법은 입력 비디오 영상에서 화염과 비슷한 색상을 가지고 움직임이 있는 영역에 대해서 화소 단위로 화염의 특성을 가지고 있는지를 시간적, 공간적 특징 분석을 통하여 확인한다. 비디오 기반 화염 감지 기법 연구의 가장 중요한 부분 중 하나는 화염 감지 성능이 저하되지 않고 어떻게 거짓 경보의 빈도를 줄일 수 있는가 하는 것이다. 기존의 방법들은 전기 장치로 만들어진 불빛들 중에서 자동차 전조등과 같은 일반적인 움직임을 가진 전기 불빛에 의한 거짓 경보는 쉽게 제거하고 있다. 그러나 경광등, 경고등 그리고 네온사인과 같이 깜빡거림이 있는 전기 불빛은 색상과 시간적, 공간적인 특징이 실제 화염과 비슷할 경우 거짓 경보를 발생시키는 요인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 경광등, 경고등 그리고 네온사인과 같이 깜빡거림이 있는 전기 불빛 화소들의 주기 신호 검출을 통하여 진짜 화염이 아님을 확인하는 거짓 경보 제거 기능을 갖춘 비디오 화염 감지 기법을 제안한다. 실험 결과 화재 감지 성능은 기존의 방법과 비슷하였으나 기존의 방법이 거짓 경보를 발생시키는 시험 비디오에서 거짓 경보가 발생되지 않음을 볼 수 있었다.

데이컴 기법에 의한 1급 응급구조사 직무분석 (Job analysis of paramedic on the developing a curriculum method)

  • 유순규;권혜란;박희진;신상도;최은숙;엄태환
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.115-137
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extended job of paramedic after the 1st job description in 2000 by the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board. Methods: This study was carried out from May 2012 to July 2013 on the Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method to analysts 330 responses among 400 questionnaires (response rate 82.5%) after analysing 30 pilot questionnaires. In order to enhance validity and reliability of this job description, 2 job analysts in universities and 10 EMT-Paramedics in hospitals and fire stations were recruited. Results: There were differences between 166 (year 2000) and 240 (2012) in task element. There were higher answering at triaging patient(2.64 frequency, 4.15 importance), calling for help(2.68 frequency, 4.07 importance) in disaster emergency care. There were higher answering at measuring vital sign (3.95 frequency, 4.22 importance), measuring ECG(3.84 frequency, 4.14 importance), wound care(3.48 frequency, 3.86 importance), bleeding control & wound care(3.46 frequency, 3.86 importance), applying $O_2$(3.40 frequency, 3.94 importance) in physician assistant. Conclusion: Scope of extended practice as a physician assistant in hospital setting recommended us to replace the present curriculum and national exam with new curriculum and national written & skill test.

3D LIDAR Based Vehicle Localization Using Synthetic Reflectivity Map for Road and Wall in Tunnel

  • Im, Jun-Hyuck;Im, Sung-Hyuck;Song, Jong-Hwa;Jee, Gyu-In
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2017
  • The position of autonomous driving vehicle is basically acquired through the global positioning system (GPS). However, GPS signals cannot be received in tunnels. Due to this limitation, localization of autonomous driving vehicles can be made through sensors mounted on them. In particular, a 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system is used for longitudinal position error correction. Few feature points and structures that can be used for localization of vehicles are available in tunnels. Since lanes in the road are normally marked by solid line, it cannot be used to recognize a longitudinal position. In addition, only a small number of structures that are separated from the tunnel walls such as sign boards or jet fans are available. Thus, it is necessary to extract usable information from tunnels to recognize a longitudinal position. In this paper, fire hydrants and evacuation guide lights attached at both sides of tunnel walls were used to recognize a longitudinal position. These structures have highly distinctive reflectivity from the surrounding walls, which can be distinguished using LIDAR reflectivity data. Furthermore, reflectivity information of tunnel walls was fused with the road surface reflectivity map to generate a synthetic reflectivity map. When the synthetic reflectivity map was used, localization of vehicles was able through correlation matching with the local maps generated from the current LIDAR data. The experiments were conducted at an expressway including Maseong Tunnel (approximately 1.5 km long). The experiment results showed that the root mean square (RMS) position errors in lateral and longitudinal directions were 0.19 m and 0.35 m, respectively, exhibiting precise localization accuracy.

폐폴리우레탄의 열적 산화분해에 대한 속도론적 연구 (A Kinetic Study of Thermal-Oxidative Decomposition of Waste Polyurethane)

  • 전현철;오세천;이해평;김희택
    • 공업화학
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.296-302
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    • 2006
  • 산소농도에 따른 폐폴리우레탄의 열적 산화분해에 관한 속도론적 연구를 $10{\sim}50^{\circ}C/min$ 사이의 여러 가열속도에서 비등온 질량감소 기술을 이용하여 수행하였다. 폐폴리우레탄의 열적 산화분해를 묘사하기 위하여 Arrhenius식에 근거한 미분법과 적분법을 이용하여 산소농도에 대한 영향을 고려할 수 있는 속도론 모델을 제시하였으며 활성화 에너지 및 반응차수 그리고 pre-exponential 인자와 같은 속도 상수들에 대한 정보를 얻기 위하여 본 연구에서 제시한 속도론 해석 방법을 이용하여 질량감소 곡선 및 그 미분값을 해석하였다. 본 연구로부터 산소농도에 대한 반응차수는 모두 음의 값을 나타내었으며 활성화 에너지는 산소농도가 증가함에 따라 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 단일 가열속도에서의 실험값을 이용하는 적분법의 경우 가열속도에 따라 반응속도 상수의 값이 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 여러 가열속도에서의 실험값을 이용하는 미분법이 폐폴리우레탄의 열적 산화분해 반응을 보다 효율적으로 나타내고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로- (A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction -)

  • 박기웅
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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