• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2012

Changes in the styles of communities are leading of increases in the number of high-rise apartments and commercial-apartment structures. Tall high-rise structures, while presenting unique economies of scale and cost effectiveness, tend to be highly engineered and complex structures. In the event of a fire, this complexity in design also results in a complexity in the behavior of fire propagation and control. High-rise structures are among the most potentially dangerous due to the high population density in the building, and the inherent limitations on evacuation and on fire control services. One of the most critical points of fire propagation is the movement of fire through the outer wall structures. Controlling such propagation is essential in controlling the spread of the fire throughout the building itself, as well as controlling the potential for its spread to adjacent buildings. In this study, we will be examining the potential for fire control design and effects mitigation using a 1/4.5 scale model. The primary focus of the study will be the effects of extended balconies into the structure of high-rise apartments. The authors will also consider the effectiveness of reduced-scale model tests.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of the risk generation factors on the public service motivation and a vocational calling of fire service officers during their work. This is based on the assumption that the risk generation factors of firefighters in their organization should be related to the effectiveness of the organization by affecting the psychological capital of the individual. For this study, the survey was conducted on fire service officers who participated the official training session in Kyuunggi and Seoul area and analyzed the data collected by the regression analysis and t-test analysis. As a result, the higher the perception of generation factors, the higher the level of public service motivation and vocational calling. In addition, there was a significant difference between a high risk generation factor perception group and low risk group regarding the perception level of public service motivations and vocational callings. These results show that there is a need to provide more field-based training opportunities for firefighters who can recognize the risk generation factors better.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2000

For the prevention of marine accidents based on human factor, the risk assessment analysis procedure is proposed which consists of (1) the structural analysis of marine accident, (2) the estimation of incidence probability based on the Fault Tree analysis, (3) the prediction of ef-fectiveness to reduced the accident risk by suitable countermeasures in the specified functional system, and (4) the risk assessment by means of minimizing of the total cost expectation and the background risk. As a practical example, the risk assessment analysis for preventing is investigated using the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.302-310
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• 2023

In this study, the extent of the impact of rainfall on the outbreak of fire blight during the blossom infection risk period was explored. In the Chungnam province, the outbreak of fire blight disease began in 2015, and changes in the outbreak's scale were most pronounced between 2020 and 2022, significantly escalating from 63 orchards in 2020 to 170 orchards in 2021, before decreasing to 46 orchards in 2022. In 2022, the number of incidence has decreased and the number of canker symptom in branches has also decreased. It was evaluated that the significant decrease of fire blight disease in 2022 was due to the dry weather during the flowering season. In other words, this yearly fluctuation in fire blight outbreaks was correlated with the presence or absence of rainfall and accumulated precipitation during the blossom infection risk period. This trend was observed across all surveyed regions where apples and pears were cultivated. Among the weather conditions influencing the blossom infection risk period, rainfall notably affected the activation of pathogens from over-wintering cankers and flower infections. In particular, precipitation during the initial 3 days of the blossom infection risk warning was confirmed as a decisive factor in determining the outbreak's scale.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.43-55
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• 2013

Recently, the research to visualize and to reproduce evacuation situations such as terrorism, the disaster and fire indoor space has been come into the spotlight and designing a model for interior space and reliable analysis through safety evaluation of the life is required. Therefore, this paper aims to develop simulation model which is able to suggest evacuation route guidance and safety analysis by considering the major risk factor of fire in actual building. First of all, we designed 3D-based fire and evacuation model at a subway station building in Incheon and performed fire risk analysis through thermal parameters on the basis of interior materials supplied by Incheon Transit Corporation. In order to evaluate safety of a life, ASET (Available Safe Egress Time), which is the time for occupants to endure without damage, and RSET (Required Safe Egress Time) are calculated through evacuation simulation by Fire Dynamics Simulator. Finally, we can come to the conclusion that a more realistic safety assessment is carried out through indoor space model based on 3-dimension building information and simulation analysis applied by safety guideline for measurement of fire and evacuation risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.76-87
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• 2022

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted much interest for their high energy density (>150 mAh/g), high capacity, low self-discharge rate, and high coulombic efficiency. However, with the successful commercialization of LIBs, fire and explosion incidents are likely to increase. The thermal runaway is known as the major factor in battery-related accidents that can lead to a series of critical conditions. Considering this, recent studies have shown an increased interest in countering the safety issues associated with LIBs. Although safety standards for LIB use have recently been formulated, little attention has been paid to the safety around the manufacturing process for battery products. The present study introduces a risk assessment method suitable for assessing the safety of the LIB-manufacturing process. In the assessment method, a compensation parameter (Z-factor) is employed to correctly evaluate the process's safety on the basis of the type of material (e.g., metal anode, liquid electrolyte, solid-state electrolytes) utilized in a cell. The proposed method has been applied to an 18650 cell-manufacturing process, and three sub-processes have been identified as possibly vulnerable parts (risk index: >4). This study offers some crucial insights into the establishment of safety standards for battery-manufacturing processes.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2015

Gas leakage and dispersion in the underground LNG power plant can lead to serious fire and explosion accident. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulation was applied to model the dynamic process of gas leakage and dispersion phenomena in a closed space. To analyze the risk assessment factor, such as the flammable volume ratio, transient simulations were carried out for different scenarios. The simulation results visualized the gas distribution with time in the closed space. The flammable volume ratio was introduced for quantitative analysis the fire/explosion probability.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.94-102
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• 2019

As the importance of first responses for fire accidents has grown in the safety management of nuclear power plants, a systematic approach to measure firefighters' psychological states and competence is needed. The current study investigated the construct of the risk perception of the firefighters working near nuclear power plant sites, and then developed and validated a new scale to measure firefighters' risk perception regarding nuclear power plant accidents. The scale items were developed on the basis of literature review and interviews with the firefighters working near nuclear power plant sites. In order to validate the new scale, we recruited 180 firefighters from five fire stations in the vicinity of the nuclear power plants in Jeonnam Province, Gyeongbuk Province, and Busan. The results of exploratory factor analyses revealed that the scale consisted of five factors: "manual" reflecting a lack of response guidelines and manuals for fire incidents and radioactive material release; "fear" reflecting a fear of fire incidents in the nuclear power plants and their catastrophic consequences; "resource" reflecting a lack of protective equipment and manpower for responding to fire incidents in the nuclear power plants; "trust" reflecting trust and cooperation with the counterpart institutions for firefighting in the nuclear power plants; and "knowledge" reflecting the knowledge of radioactivity and firefighting in the nuclear power plants. Further analyses provided statistical evidence supporting for the 15-item scale's internal consistency and construct validity. Finally, We discussed the implication and limitations of the current research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of the forest fire, considering the topography and the forest, for establishing disaster prevention measures of cultural heritage, Uireung, over in Cheonjang-mountain. To do that, we estimate the occurrence and spread of the forest fire over in Cheonjang-mountain through a forest fire probability model(logistic regression), using the space characteristic data($100m{\times}100m$). The factor, occurrence of the forest fire, are diameter class, southeast, southwest, south, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forest. We assume the probability of the fire forest in each point as follow : [1+exp{-(-4.8081-(0.02453*diameter class)+(0.6608*southeast)+(0.507*southwest)+(0.7943*south)+(0.29498*coniferous forest)+(0.28897*deciduous forest)+(0.17788*mixed forest))}]$^{-1}$. To divide dangerous zone of the big forest fire, we make the basic materials for disaster prevention measures, through the map of coniferous forests, deciduous forests, and mixed forest. The damage of cultural heritage caused by a forest fire will be reduced through the effective preventive measures, by forecast a forest fire to using this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

The flammable liquid conductivity is an important factor in determining the generation of electrostatic in fire and explosion hazardous areas, so it is necessary to study the physical properties of flammable liquids. In particular, the relevant liquid conductivity in the process of handling flammable liquids in relation to the risk assessment and risk control in fire and explosion hazard areas, such as chemical plants, is classified as a main evaluation item according to the IEC standard, and it is necessary to have flammable liquid conductivity measuring devices and related data are required depending on the handling conditions of the material, such as temperature and mixing ratio for preventing the fire and explosion related to electrostatic. In addition, IEC 60079-32-2 [Explosive Atmospheres-Part 32-2 (Electrostatic hazards-Tests)] refers to the measuring device standard and the conductivity of a single substance. It was concluded that there is no measurement data according to the handling conditions such as mixing ratio of flammable liquid and temperature together with the use and measurement examples. We have developed the measurement reliability by improving the structure, material and measurement method of measuring device by referring to the IEC standard. We have developed a measurement device that is developed and manufactured by itself. The test results of flammable liquid conductivity measurement and the data of the NFPA 77 (Recommended Practice on Static Electricity) Annex B Table B.2 Static Electric Characteristic of Liquids were compared and verified by conducting the conductivity measurement of the flammable liquid handled in the fire and explosion hazardous place by using Measuring / Data Acquisition / Processing / PC Communication. It will contribute to the prevention of static electricity related disaster by taking preliminary measures for fire and explosion prevention by providing technical guidance for static electricity risk assessment and risk control through flammable liquid conductivity measurement experiment. In addition, based on the experimental results, it is possible to create a big data base by constructing electrostatic physical characteristic data of flammable liquids by process and material. Also, it is analyzed that it will contribute to the foundation composition for adding the specific information of conductivity of flammable liquid to the physical and chemical characteristics of MSDS.