• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.75-85
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• 2018

The Grenpell tower fire in England in June of 2016 is a representative example of damage caused by a vertical fire spreading through external insulation. Organic insulation materials, which are widely used in external insulation, have the disadvantage that they have good insulation performance but are vulnerable to fire. Aluminum composite panels are used as exterior wall finishing materials, and plastics used in aluminum are regarded as the cause of vertical fire spread. Due to the steel frame used to secure the aluminum composite panel to the outer wall, a cavity is formed between the outer wall and outer wall finish. When a fire occurs on the outer wall, the flammable outer wall as well as the flame generated from the heat-insulating material spreads vertically through the cavity, resulting in damage to people and property. In Korea, material unit performance tests are carried out by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport notice 2015 - 744. However, in the UK, the BS 8414 test is used to measure the vertical fire spreading time on the outer wall in real scale fire tests. In this study, the risk of external wall fire was evaluated in an actual fire by conducting a real scale wall fire test (BS 8414), which was carried out in Europe, using aluminum composite panels of semi-noncombustible materials suitable for current domestic standards. The purpose of this study was to confirm the limitations of material unit evaluation of finishing materials and to confirm the necessity of introducing a system to prevent the spread of outer wall fire through an actual scale fire test.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.958-967
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the fire resistance performance applied to plant facilities with high fire risk in Korea, secure suitable fire resistance performance, and ensure the fire safety of plant facilities. Method: Using the finite element analysis program Ansys, thermal transfer analysis and structural analysis were performed with fire load and fireproof coating as variables, and the fire resistance performance of plant facilities was analyzed based on the analysis results. Result: The fireproof coating applied to domestic plant facilities failed to secure fire resistance performance when the fire load of hydrocarbon fire presented in UL 1709 was applied, and it was confirmed that the deformation of steel after the fire was also significant. Conclusion: The current fire resistance performance applied to plant facilities in Korea cannot secure fire resistance performance in sudden fire growth and large fire loads like petrochemical plants, and it is necessary to secure fire safety by evaluating suitable fire resistance performance through performance evaluation of plant facilities.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ergonomic risk factors of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMT) with musculoskeletal disorders, performing emergency medical services (EMS) procedures in a firefighter combat challenge. Methods: The evaluated EMT procedures were cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) & intubation, trauma patient assessment, and intravenous (IV) injection. Measurement of working posture was done during training. Results: In CPR & intubation, OWAS-score was 2 (mean 1.9, maximum 4), requiring correction action, while REBA-score was 11 (mean 7.28, maximum 11), requiring immediate improvement. In trauma patient assessment & IV injection, OWAS-score was 4 (mean 2.9, maximum 4), requiring immediate correction action, while the REBA score was 7 (mean 7.5, maximum 11), requiring improvement. Conclusion: Both OWAS score and REBA-score showed improvement of posture and high-risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational health management in EMS procedures during combat challenge and effective injury prevention program in fire stations are warranted.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

Modern society is transforming into an extreme climate environment. This is fatal to humans and ecosystems and is expected to cause large-scale damage. As this spokesman, natural disasters are increasing as this global average temperature rises. Social and economic damage by this tendency is also increasing. In addition, the frequency and scale of social disasters are increasing. Damage to the living area due to the damage of the infrastructure due to the increased reliance on infrastructure has been increasingly enlarged. In this research, various disasters such as natural disasters and social disasters analyze the impact on urban safety. A local autonomous entity K Priority Management Establish a kind of disaster, prepare crisis management manual, and use it as a basic material of education / training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

The flammable liquid conductivity is an important factor in determining the generation of electrostatic in fire and explosion hazardous areas, so it is necessary to study the physical properties of flammable liquids. In particular, the relevant liquid conductivity in the process of handling flammable liquids in relation to the risk assessment and risk control in fire and explosion hazard areas, such as chemical plants, is classified as a main evaluation item according to the IEC standard, and it is necessary to have flammable liquid conductivity measuring devices and related data are required depending on the handling conditions of the material, such as temperature and mixing ratio for preventing the fire and explosion related to electrostatic. In addition, IEC 60079-32-2 [Explosive Atmospheres-Part 32-2 (Electrostatic hazards-Tests)] refers to the measuring device standard and the conductivity of a single substance. It was concluded that there is no measurement data according to the handling conditions such as mixing ratio of flammable liquid and temperature together with the use and measurement examples. We have developed the measurement reliability by improving the structure, material and measurement method of measuring device by referring to the IEC standard. We have developed a measurement device that is developed and manufactured by itself. The test results of flammable liquid conductivity measurement and the data of the NFPA 77 (Recommended Practice on Static Electricity) Annex B Table B.2 Static Electric Characteristic of Liquids were compared and verified by conducting the conductivity measurement of the flammable liquid handled in the fire and explosion hazardous place by using Measuring / Data Acquisition / Processing / PC Communication. It will contribute to the prevention of static electricity related disaster by taking preliminary measures for fire and explosion prevention by providing technical guidance for static electricity risk assessment and risk control through flammable liquid conductivity measurement experiment. In addition, based on the experimental results, it is possible to create a big data base by constructing electrostatic physical characteristic data of flammable liquids by process and material. Also, it is analyzed that it will contribute to the foundation composition for adding the specific information of conductivity of flammable liquid to the physical and chemical characteristics of MSDS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.231-234
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• 2011

기존 국내원전의 화재 PSA는 기존 EPRI가 개발한 방법론을 이용하여 화재 PSA를 수행하여 오고 있다. 미국 NRC는 EPRI와의 공동연구를 통하여 새로운 PSA 방법론(NUREG/CR-6850)을 개발하였고, NFPA-805 코드를 적용하는 미국 원자력발전소들에 대해서 이 방법론을 적용한 PSA를 수행하는 것을 권고하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 원전의 참조 주제어실을 대상으로 신규 방법론을 적용하여 노심손상빈도 영향을 평가하였고, 국내원전에 신규 방법론 적용시 논의되어야 할 사항들을 포함하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.364-368
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• 2011

최근 급속히 발전하고 있는 과학기술과 산업발달에 따라 화학물질, 위험물의 사용, 저장 및 운송물이 날로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 물질들은 우리의 일상생활과 인류문화 발전에 크게 기여하고 있지만 인화성, 폭발성 등의 잠재위험성을 가지고 있다. 세계 각국은 물질의 분류와 표시가 달라 국제무역에서 많은 사고가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구의 목적은 자기반응성물질의 화재 폭발 위험성을 평가하고, 국제적인 시험방법과 국내 시험방법으로 시험하여 연관성 및 상관관계를 알아보고 선진화된 시험방법을 국내실정에 적합하게 제시하는데 있다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

In this study; the evaluation system models for evacuation safety assessment of underground malls were presented and related software program was developed. In addition, database was built integrating various data which were essential to evacuation safety assessment and enabling effective safety assessment with low cost and time. As a results of case study in local underground malls, the evacuation safety assessment system has examined in therms of field applicability and reliability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.87-88
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• 2013

국내 화재사고중 화재가 가장 많이 발생한 발화지점은 생활공간이며, 이중 침실 및 숙박용 객실이 가장 높은 화재 발생 건수를 보이고 있다. 이처럼 주거시설, 청소년 수련시설 등 생활공간에서의 화재는 화재시 침대 매트리스에 의한 연소확대로 많은 인명 및 재산 피해를 발생시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 생활공간을 구성요소중 침대 매트리스의 화재확대 위험성에 평가하기 위하여 실규모의 화재실험을 수행하고, 이를 분석하였다. 이러한 실규모 화재실험을 통하여 얻은 결과는 국내 성능적 화재안전 설계를 위한 기본적인 자료로 이용됨과 동시에 주거공간의 화재확산 방지 기술 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 평가된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

Smoke is one of the most critical factor when escaping from the fire since it reduces visibility and interrupts finding emergency exit lights. Therefore, it is recommended that an evacuation simulation program should incorporate the smoke factor. In addition, it is suggested that the program should include not only the unilateral damage by the smoke but also the detour evacuation by risk communication. In this study, MAS (Multi Agent System)-based simulation program which incorporates the reduced walking speed by smoke and adopts the dispersion evacuation logic during escaping from the fire. To make comparison, a commercial evacuation program, Pathfinder was used. It was found that the simulation results of MAS (Multi Agent System)-based program is better than Pathfinder in terms of safe evacuation. It means that evacuation simulation need a additional evaluation categories that include not only quick evacuation time but also safe evacuee number.