• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 2015

This paper introduces a numerical analysis method for reinforced-concrete(RC) members exposed to fire and proposes considerations in designing RC structures on the basis of the comparison between numerical results and design codes. The proposed analysis method consists of two procedures of the transient heat transfer analysis and the non-linear structural analysis. To exactly evaluate the structural behavior under fire, two material models are considered in this paper. One is "Under-Fire" condition for the material properties at the high temperature and the other one is "After-Cooling" condition for the material properties after cooling down to air temperature. The proposed method is validated through the correlation study between experimental data and numerical results. In advance, the obtained results show that the material properties which are fittable to the corresponding temperature must be taken into account for an accurate prediction of the ultimate resisting capacity of RC members. Finally, comparison of the numerical results with the design code of EN1992-1-2 also shows that the design code needs to be revised to reserve the safety of the fire-damaged structural member.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.22-33
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• 2023

The number of fire and explosion accidents caused by pyrolysis oil and gas at waste plastic pyrolysis plants is increasing, but accident status and safety conditions have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the risks of the waste plastic pyrolysis process and suggest appropriate safety management measures. We collected information on 19 cases of fire and explosion accidents that occurred between 2010 and 2021 at 26 waste plastic pyrolysis plants using the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) database and media reports. The mechanical, managerial, personnel-related, and environmental problems within a plant and problems related to government agencies and the design, manufacturing, and installation companies involved with pyrolysis equipment were analyzed using the 4Ms of Machines, Management, Man, and Media, as well as the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) methodology for seven accident cases with accident investigation reports. Study findings indicate the need for establishing legal and institutional support measures for waste plastic pyrolysis plants in order to prevent fire and explosion accidents in the pyrolysis process. In addition, ensuring safety from the design and manufacturing stages of facilities is essential, as are measures that ensure systematic operations after the installation of safety devices.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2023

The main objective of this study is to propose a method to enhance building safety using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema in Building Information Modeling (BIM). To achieve this goal, a fire object relationship diagram is created by using the Model View Definition (MVD) and Property Set (Pset) methodology, as well as the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) based object relationship analysis. The proposed method illustrates how to represent objects and tasks related to fire prevention and human safety during a building fire, including variables that are relevant to these aspects. Furthermore, the proposed method offers the advantage of considering both the IFC object hierarchy and the project work hierarchy when creating new objects, thereby expanding the attribute information for fire safety and maintenance. However, upon confirmation via an IFC viewer after development, a problem with the accuracy of mapping between attributes and objects arises due to the issue of proxy representation of related object information and newly added object information in standard IFC. Therefore, in future research, a mapping method for fire safety objects will be developed to ensure accurate representation, and the scope of utilization of the fire safety object diagram will be expanded. Furthermore, efforts will be made to enhance the accuracy of object and task representation. This research is expected to contribute significantly to the technological development of building safety and fire facility design in the future.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2005

Accurate prediction of the fire-induced air velocity, temperature and smoke flow in underground utility tunnel becomes more important for the optimization of design and placement of heat and smoke detectors. In order to improve the safety of underground utility tunnel systems, the behaviors of fire-induced smoke flow and temperature distributions are investigated. Especially, two different cross-sectional shapes of tunnel, such as rectangular and circular types are modeled. Also, fire source is modeled as a volumetric heat source. Three-dimensional thermal-flow characteristics in an underground tunnel are solved by means of FVM using SIMPLE algorithm. The effects of shape geometry on the fire-induced flow characteristics are graphically depicted. It is desirable that heat and smoke detectors are installed on the cables and the top of the wall.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11d
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• pp.618-620
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• 2000

In case of fire in the high-rise buildings, the appropriate and safe evacuation plans for the building residents are very important to minimize the number of casualties. Since the evacuation time usually depends on the floor plans of the buildings, the evacuation plans should be considered while the architectural design is done. Conventionally, the calculation of the evacuation time in the case of fire breakout is based on the approximate mathematical equations which are prone to error. In this study, the simulator model is developed to help the architectural designers to access the more accurate evacuation time and find out the floor plans which offers the most safe evacuation plans for the residents in case of fire.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.456-463
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• 1997

Atrium buildings are commonly found in Hong Kong since 1980. Those spaces are usually crowded with people and so fire protection systems have to be installed for providing a safe environment. Smoke control system was identified to be important but no clear design guidelines are available because the smoke filling process was not well-understood. In this paper., Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) or fire field model is applied to study the smoke filling pattern in atrium. Two common cases on smoke spreading out from a shop adjacent to the atrium; and with a fire located at the atrium floor itself were considered. Simulations with a modified form of the CFD package TEAM were performed. Application of the predicted results Is illustrated.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2021

When a fire occurs in a commercial building, the evacuation route is complicated and the direction of smoke and flame is similar to that of the egress route of occupants, resulting in many casualties. Performance-based evacuation design for buildings is essential to minimize human casualties. In order to apply the performance-based evacuation design to buildings, it requires a complex fire simulation for each building, demanding a large amount of time and manpower. In order to supplement this, it would be very useful to develop an Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) prediction model that can rationally derive the ASET without performing a fire simulation. In this study, the correlations between fire temperature with visibility and toxic gas concentration were investigated through a fire simulation on a commercial building, from which databases for the training of artificial neural networks (ANN) were created. Based on this, an ANN model that can predict the available safe egress time was developed. In order to examine whether the proposed ANN model can be applied to other commercial buildings, it was applied to another commercial building, and the proposed model was found to estimate the available safe egress time of the commercial building very accurately.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

This study examined emergency exit location with the most representing school floor type with a mathematical model that applied optimized algorithm in the field of engineering. Recent school buildings became much more diverse in floor planning than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to building prevention against fire related emergency planning still relies on an personal experience and knowledge. Therefore, since school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events, emergency exit planning has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type(node) and the minimum physical distance between spatial types(arc), can propose the most optimized emergency exit locations. Consequently, this study compared an architect's fire exit planning with the scientific outcome of this study and suggested the most reliable emergency exit locations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2007

A gun is still one of the major weapons of a combat ship. To assess the ship's fire control capability which is influenced by tracking system, fire control algorithm, gun, the ship itself, target behavior, environment and engagement situation, simulation system for gun-oriented engagement for surface ship is needed. This paper proposes the process for designing and implementing a gun-oriented engagement simulation system using DEVS(Discrete Event Simulation Specification), which is a formalism based on the set theory. It consists of the following activities : 1) analyzing the characteristics of a gun-oriented engagement, 2) constructing the deterministic model of the combat ship of study with DEVS, 3) modeling properties of each entity showing as stochastic errors. With this process, the gun-oriented engagement simulation system is developed and applied for the combat system under development.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.311-321
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• 2021

Perception of the public to structural fires is very important because there are only a number of tall timber buildings constructed in the world. People are hesitating to accept tall timber buildings, so it is essential to ensure the first generation of tall timber buildings to a very high standard, especially fire safety. Right now, there are no specific design standards or regulations for fire design of tall timber buildings in Europe. Even though heavy timber members have better fire resistance than steel components, many conditions still need to be verified before considering the use of timber materials, e.g. fire spread, post-fire collapse, etc. This research numerically explores the structural behaviours of a tall Glulam building when one of its internal Glulam (Glued laminated timber) columns fails after sustaining a full 120-min standard fire and is removed from the established finite element building model created in SAP2000. The numerical results demonstrate that the failure and removal of the selected internal Glulam column may lead to the local failure of the adjacent CLT (Cross laminated timber) floor slabs, but will not lead to large disproportionate damage and collapse of the whole building. Here, the building is assumed to be located in Glasgow, Scotland, UK.