• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fire casualties

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Study on the Status of Fire Safety Management in Elderly Welfare Facilities (노인복지시설의 소방안전관리실태에 관한 연구)

  • Ko, Wang-Youl;Hur, Man-Sung
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.108-115
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    • 2018
  • Elderly welfare facilities are extremely susceptible to mass casualties in disastrous situations, such as fire, due to the limited physical and mental abilities of their residents. This study examined the status of fire safety management, including the structural problems of elderly welfare facilities, problems of the installation and management of firefighting systems, and problems regarding of fire safety managers. After the Sejong Medical Welfare Facility fire, these problems have been complemented by retrofitting firefighting systems in accordance with the revision of the relevant laws and regulations. On the other hand, the overall status of fire safety management is still insufficient. Therefore, it is important to improve the stability of buildings and firefighting systems as well as fire safety management through additional revision of the relevant laws and regulations.

The Way for improvement of facility to strengthen accessibility of the site for fire department (소방대의 현장접근성 강화를 위한 설비의 개선방안)

  • Oh, Taek-Hum;Sung, Ja-Man;Pak, Chan-Suk
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2012
  • Because recently(July 14, 2011) fire occurred in the engine room of a moving taxi under Namsan Tunnel 1, 51 vehicles' driver and more than 250 passengers in the road tunnel were urgently evacuated with abandoned vehicles. Vehicle fires in Namsan Tunnel that day, Sufferers struggled to escape quickly difficult to escape the two-way by abandoned vehicles on the road and to fear many casualties by using vehicle fuel and combustible interior and the driver who is ignorant of vehicle accident continuous entered in the road tunnel had accessibility the site of fire department was more difficult. In this study, It is to investigate structure and basic materials, such as fire extinguish equipment and facilities for damage prevention and to analyze the problems and to plan improvement method of fire extinguish equipment, facilities for damage prevention and transportation facilities(Large traffic signs, Breaker, etc.) on the Namsan Tunnel that in the long-term plan is prepared to strengthen for accessibility of the site of fire department in case of Vehicle's fire.

Principal Component Analysis on Marine Casualties Occurred at Korean Littoral Sea in Recent 5 Years (최근 5년간 국내 연근해에서 발생한 해양사고에 대한 주성분분석)

  • KIM, Yeong-Sik
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.465-472
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    • 2016
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is useful statistical technique for finding patterns in data, and expressing the data in such a way as to highlight their similarities and differences. In this paper, 1417 marine casualties occurred in Korean littoral sea in recent 5 years, were examined by the PCA. The main results obtained were as follows : 1. Most of marine casualties resulted from the human factors such as careless operation and insufficient engine maintenance. 2. Collision and standing mainly resulted from steering room-related human factors such as careless guard, inadequate ship-handling, however engine damage and fire explosion mainly resulted from engine room-related human factor such as bad handling of engine system. 3. No. 1 principal component represents accident frequency, No. 2 principal component represents the cause and No. 3 principal component represents the pattern of marine casualties, respectively.

Application Plan of Exhaust Systems in Strengthening Evacuation Safety in Apartment Houses (공동주택의 피난안전성 강화를 위한 배기시스템 활용 방안 연구)

  • Lee, Hyun-Sang;Yoon, Myung-Oh;Lee, Young-Ju;Kim, Jeong-Joon
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2020
  • Apartment buildings are becoming taller and more densely populated with the advancements in science and the development of cities, Consequently, various amenities and safety facilities are being developed to improve the quality of life for residents. However, according to statistics, the number of casualties in apartments accounts for a high proportion of accidents, and the leading cause of the casualties is smoke emitted from fires while sleeping at night. Although it is best to install separate indoor facilities in apartments to minimize smoke damages to occupants, it is useful to minimize the smoke damages by utilizing the installed facilities while reducing the financial burden of occupants. Based on the review, the heat exchanger ventilation system and the kitchen collective exhaust system were selected, and the feasibility of these systems was verified through fire simulation. From the verification results, the available safe egress time improved by 27, 30, and 35 s on the 25th, 35th, 50th floors, respectively.

Egress Safety of Nursing Hospital Considering Egress Guides and Smoke Exhaust System (피난유도자 수와 배연설비를 고려한 요양병원의 피난안전성 평가)

  • Choi, Seung-Ho;Darkhanbat, Khaliunaa;Heo, Inwook;Kim, Kang Su
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.64-71
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    • 2022
  • In this study, fire and egress simulation was conducted for the egress safety evaluation of the nursing hospitals. A fire simulation was performed with or without the smoke exhaust system using the FDS, and the available safe egress time (ASET) of the nursing hospitals was calculated. In addition, an egress simulation considering the characteristics of occupants and egress delay time was performed using Pathfinder, and the required safe egress time (RSET) was calculated. By comparing the ASET and RSET, the egress safety of the nursing hospital with or without a smoke exhaust system was evaluated according to the number of egress guides and the egress delay time. The simulation results show that the number of casualties increased as the egress delay time increased, and the required safe egress time decreased as the number of egress guides increased. In addition, it was found that if a smoke exhaust system with the capacity specified in the KFPA is secured, the available safe egress time can be greatly increased and the number of casualties can be greatly reduced.

Development of Autonomous Surface Robot for Marine Fire Safety (해양 소방 안전을 위한 자율수상로봇 개발)

  • Jeong, Jinseok;Sa, Youngmin;Kim, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.138-142
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    • 2018
  • The marine industry is rapidly developing as a result of the increase in various needs in the marine environment. In addition, accidents involving ship fires and explosions and the resulting casualties are increasing. Generally, manpower and safety problems exist in fire fighting. A fire fighter in the form of an autonomous surface robot would be ideal for marine fire safety, because it has no manpower and safety problems. Therefore, an autonomous surface robot with the abilities of fire recognition and tracking, nozzle selection, position and attitude control, and fire fighting was developed and is discussed in this paper. The test and evaluation results of this robot showed the possibility of real-size applications and the need for additional studies.

A Study on Risk Analysis by Type of Ceiling Material Based on Fire Theory (화재이론에 기초한 천장재 종류별 위험성 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, HyeWon;Kim, YunSeong;Lee, ByeongHeun;Jin, SeungHyeon;Koo, InHyuk;Kwon, YoungJin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2021.11a
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    • pp.116-117
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    • 2021
  • In general, when a building fire occurs, the heat flow rises by buoyancy, which affects the temperature rise of the ceiling. In addition, when the ceiling ignites, the fire spreads rapidly due to horizontal spread and radiant heat. According to the fire investigation, most of the large fires have a common characteristic that the fire spreads to the ceiling and causes many casualties. Therefore, it is considered that it is necessary to review the fire risk of ceiling materials used in buildings to prevent the spread of fire to the ceiling. Therefore, in this study, combustion characteristics such as the amount of heat released and ignition time of each SMC, DMC, and gypsum board were checked using a Cone Calorimeter, and the ignition temperature was calculated by substituting them into the fire theory. As a result, the ignition temperature of SMC was 449K, that of DMC was 1492K, and that of gypsum board was 677K.

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A study on the escape measures using fire fighters elevator (비상용승강기를 이용한 피난방안에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Woo-Jin;Sin, Tae-Gyun;Hong, Ji-Hoon;Cho, Won-Chul;Lee, Tae-Sik
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.02a
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    • pp.640-644
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of the present research is to provide a plan for an effective evacuation of residents and people who's in need of evacuation (such as children, the handicapped, and the old) and for the situation when staircase is not available for evacuation, by means of analyzing the evacuation behavioral characteristics of the residents or the evacuators and suggesting an evacuation plan using an emergency elevator in order to minimize casualties in case when fire broke out in a skyscraper.

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A study on the simulator development for fire evacuation of office buildings (사무용 건물의 화재 대피 시뮬레이터 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Yang-Soo;Lim, Dong-Jin
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1999.11c
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    • pp.543-545
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    • 1999
  • In case of fire in the high-rise buildings, the appropriate and safe evacuation plans for the building residents are very important to minimize the number of casualties. Since the evacuation time usually depends on the floor plans of the buildings, the evacuation plans should be considered while the architectural design is done. Conventionally, the calculation of the evacuation time in the case of fire breakout is based on the approximate mathematical equations which are prone to error. In this study, the simulator model is developed to help the architectural designers to access the more accurate evacuation time and find out the floor plans which offers the most safe evacuation plans for the residents in case of fire.

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A Simulation Study on Fire Behavior in The Wide Gangway Train (광폭 갱웨이 전동차량내 화재거동에 대한 수치해석적 연구)

  • Kim, Chi-Hun;Lee, Duck-Hee;Kim, Dong-Woon;Jung, Woo-Sung;Park, Seo-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 2010
  • The wide gangway train have different indoor without the gate door to the most trains. in gangway train of structure without the section, heavy casualties are possible to occur by quite smoke movement in fire. in this study, fire behavior and smoke movement were analyzed as the locations and kinds of fire source by using FDS simulation tool. the model train size of $9m{\times}2.4m{\times}2.4m$ was serially constructed of six cars.

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