• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a new fire animation and visualization scheme. The most difficult problem in creating fire animation is how to simulate the mechanism of emitting lighting and heat of fire. We attack the difficulty by presenting a hybrid scheme that combines the simulation scheme and the combustion process in voxelized space where the numerical solution of the classical fluid equations is implemented. Therefore, the combustion process is simulated at each voxel and the amount of heat generated at the voxel is estimated. The generated heat will increase the temperature at the voxel, where results in the increase of turbulent motion of fire. We also propose a visualization scheme that modifies the photon mapping algorithm in order to render fire and various lighting effects of fire to the environments.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.28-44
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• 2005

The previous studies approach the field artillery fire scheduling problem as deterministic and do not explicitly include information on the potential scenario changes. Unfortunately, the effort used to optimize fire sequences and reduce the total time of engagement is often inefficient as the collected military intelligence changes. Instead of modeling the fire sequencing problem as deterministic model, we consider a stochastic artillery fire scheduling model and devise a solution methodology to integrate possible enemy attack scenarios in the evaluation of artillery fire sequences. The goal is to use that information to find robust solutions that withstand disruptions in a better way, Such an approach is important because we can proactively consider the effects of certain unique scheduling decisions. By identifying more robust schedules, cascading delay effects will be minimized. In this paper we describe our stochastic model for the field artillery fire sequencing problem and offer revised robust stochastic model which considers worst scenario first. The robust stochastic model makes the solution more stable than the general two-stage stochastic model and also reduces the computational cost dramatically. We present computational results demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed method by EVPI, VSS, and Variances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.236-237
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• 2015

Concrete is the one of the most widely used in every country as a structural materials. On the other hand, a lot of fire incident has been occurred all over the world. But maintenance methods such as inspection and diagnostic methods, design methods, quality control methods for the purpose of improving the performance of concrete structures damaged by fire has made in its own way. Therefore, the purpose of this proposal of new working item is is to ensure the safety of the concrete structures damaged by fire in the field of assessment of damage, design, repair methods and so on through the International Organization for Standardization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.804-807
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• 2008

Recently, with the increase of high rise and huge scale building construction, the use of high strength concrete has been increasing. High strength concrete has dense pore structure, which is susceptible to be damaged due to fire attack. For this, many researchers provide proper fire endurance method. In this paper, to provide the priority for selecting fire endurance method in high strength concrete execution, AHP technique is applied based on expert questionnaire. Fire endurance performance efficiency and ordinary performance efficiency was selected for level 1. Fire endurance performance efficiency had larger weight than ordinary one.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2009

1. According to causes of attack and symptoms, tinnitus is divided into two categories; deficiency and excess. Causes of excess syndrome of tinnitus were wind fire in the liver and gallbladder, phlegm fire, blood stagnation, and heat in meridian system and the causes of deficiency syndrome of tinnitus were qi deficiency or blood deficiency after an illness or delivery, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, and deficiency of sea of the marrow. 2. Tinnitus was related to the vicera and bowels, especially to liver, gallbladder and urinary bladder. 3. In regard of method of treatment, tonify kidney, nourish heart, clear the liver and discharge heat are used according to visera and bowel theory. Clear phlegm and downbear fire are used for phlegm fire. Tonify spleen and kidney is used for ancestral vessel deficiency. Dispel wind and dissipate fire can be used according to theory of five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors. 4. The basal meridian of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment were the channels of Shaoyang.. 5. Regarding neuropsychiatric aspect of tinnitus, sudden anger and depression of mind were the main mechanism of disease and liver fire was the main cause. The prescriptions for neuropsychiatric tinnitus were Dangguiyonghuehwan, and Yongdamsagantang.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2004

Saam acupuncture has an evident principles of prescription based on acupuncture tonification and purgation of Nan-gyeong but many prescriptions of Saam acupuncture are not typical patterns. Therefore it is difficult to understand principles of those prescriptions. Understanding the principles of any prescription means understanding the physiology and pathology of that prescription and it have an important role in selecting the best prescription and taking the most effective treatment. This paper studies principles of prescriptions of the king fire and the premier fire. The theoretical authorities of analysis are Nan-gyeong, works of Joo dan-gye and Li dong-won and Uihakimmun. The damage of fire to mentality is very intensive and severe. The prescriptions of the king fire and premier fire have a good effect on diseases by fire. The fire of human body are two types, the king fire and the premier fire but the water of human body is only one and then inferior to fire. The fire superior to the water is unstable and the fire influences rapidly and intensively on four elements, wood, earth, metal, water. So the control of the water is the key to treat the disease by fire. Considering the attack and the treatment of disease, heart and liver are attacked with a disease by fire in its early stage and kidney and lung are the key to treatment. Consequently the pathology of the disease by fire is corresponding to the theory- Yang Sufficient, Yin Deficient- of Joo dan-gye. It seems that the theory of Joo dan-gye influenced on the medical theory of Saam Acupuncture. On that account I believe that the study of medical theories of the Geum and Won Dynasty that various medical theories appeared is very available.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.131-141
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• 2005

Objectives : Saam acupuncture has evident principles of prescription based on acupuncture tonification and purgation of Nan-gyeong but many prescriptions of Saam acupuncture are not typical patterns. This paper studies principles of prescriptions of the king fire and the premier fire. Methods : Through investigation of many medical documents concerning king fire and the premier fire, the author explained of physiological and pathological principle of king and the premier fire, also explained of interacting mechanism through five element. And The theoretical authorities of analysis are Nan-gyeong, works of Joo dan-gye and Li dong-won. Results & Conclusion : 1. The sufficiency and the control of the water is the key to treat the disease by fire. Considering the attack and the treatment of disease, heart and liver give rise to fire in its early stage and kidney and lung are the key to treatment. 2. Consequently the pathology of the disease from fire is corresponding to the theory- Yang Sufficient, Yin Deficient- of Joo dan-gye. It seems that the theory of Joo dan-gye influenced on the medical theory of Saam Acupuncture. 3. On that account I believe that the study of medical theories of the Geum and Won Dynasty that various medical theories had appeared is very available for Saam Acupuncture. At present global warming is accelerating because environmental pollution has been increasing. Therefore the damage of fire to human body will be more and more severe and extensive. Because in the future medical plants will not be free from environmental pollution, acupuncture will be very confidential treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.426-431
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 산불이 발생하면 대형화 위험성이 증대하여 항공기 특히, 헬기의 산불진화 활용성은 점차 증가되고 있다. 그러므로 산불진화의 전 과정에 있어서 헬기 공중진화기술과 안전성향상은 효율적인 산불진화의 성공요인으로서 매우 중요하다. 따라서 우리나라에서 유일한 산불전문기관인 산림청 산림항공본부의 조종사들이 산불현장에서 헬기에 의한 산불진화의 실제적인 경험을 적용한 설문조사를 하였다. 그 결과 산불현장에서의 위험성을 극복하여 안전하고 효율적인 공중진화기술 및 안전성 향상 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.27-34
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• 2001

Following the recommendations made by the cultural authorities the wooden cultural properties (WCP) had been treated with fire-retardants for fire protection. However, visual inspections of some of the WCPs treated with fire-retardants showed microbial decay. The work was extended to examine the micromorphological characteristics of the WCPs in a Buddhist temple which had been treated with fire-retardant. Microscopic examination showed the presence of typical soft rot cavities along the length of microfibrils in the secondary wall. Bacterial attack was also observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It is interesting that the decay patterns observed in the Buddhist temple were very similar to those observed in the waterlogged woods. Presumably chemicals in the fire-retardants used rendered the wood susceptible to attack by soft-rot and bacterial decay by causing an increase in the moisture content of wood. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of fire-retardants used currently on the hygroscopicity and the strength of wood materials in the WCPs. Microbial attacks caused degradation of the secondary cell walls and in some cases also of the middle lamella. In addition, the cell walls in the outer parts of wood were also degraded due to weathering, and cell separation occurred from total disintegration of the middle lamella.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 2002

This study has investigated hydrodynamic of torque characteristics for disc of butterfly valve that is used in control for fire-protection water, The free-streamline theory is applied to predict hydrodynamic of torque characteristics. The torque characteristics of disc are corrected for the angles of attack of valve disc and surrounding velocity of flow by theoretical torque equation, and correction equation is added. The torque characteristics of disc are investigated for the ratio of hub thickness to the valve diameter. The result of prediction are shown to be successful as that show typical torque characteristics of butterfly valve. Since the velocity distribution around the disc is confirmed in a visualization, it is confirmed that the free-streamline theory can be used to predict the torque characteristics of disc.