• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

Recently, evacuation safety of a resident of building become the major concern, because building has been higher and more complicated. Buildings in Korea should install the natural smoke venting or mechanical smoke exhaust equipment according to the building law. The smoke control is the most important to guarantee the evacuation safety. This study evaluate the influence to the height and temperature of smoke layer by enlarging smoke vent size and operating sprinkler system using CFAST (Version 6). Smoke venting size is larger, the effect to height and temperature of smoke layer is increased in below 5 MW fire. But, the correlation of these is decreased in above 10 MW fire. The case that opened smoke vent and sprinklered are applied, life safety criteria are satisfied regardless of fire size. After design the fire scenario according to the service and size of building. Install the smoke vent suitable for the fire size and verify that by experiment or simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2015

This study investigated the smoke blocking and control systems for the safety of residents evacuation and for the prevention of smoke spread through the central corridor in the event of central corridor type of intelligent building fire. We offered additional ways of utilizing smoke ventilators and intake ventilation equipment and utilized CFD-based fire simulation program(FDS Ver.5.5.3) in order to analyze the effect. As a result, many differences in the smoke block effect, depending on the application of smoke ventilator and location of installation, was found. In addition, the result was found that larger effect was showed not in the case of application of smoke ventilator in central corridor only but application in fire room. The reason is that the smoke leakage is blocked primarily as air is flowed in the fire room through open door by operation of intake smoke ventilator in the public corridor and secondarily, the smoke leakage to the public corridor could be blocked as fire and smoke were released to the opened smoke ventilator continuously. Especially, the effect was maximized through complex interactions by applying smoke ventilator and intake ventilation equipment in corridor together rather than applying smoke ventilator and intake ventilation equipment independently. The proposed measure through this study shall be considered from architectural plan as one of ways for blocking from smoke spread to the central corridor in the central corridor type of intelligent building. In addition, flaws on regulation shall be established and supplemented.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the performance in the space for a single alarm type detector installed in a single house. Three types of houses were used, including two types of one-story and two-story houses. A computer simulation program was used to predict the sound pressure level in response to the occurrence of an alarm sound in a residential space. The characteristics of the sound source applied to the simulation were directly measured and used as input data. As a result of simulation, it was found that the sound pressure level in the kitchen and living room generally met the standard when the alarm sound of the detector occurred. However, the sound pressure level in the bedroom was predicted to be at least 20 dB (A) lower than the American Fire Protection Association standard of 75 dB (A). Therefore, a plan should be prepared to maintain a sufficient sound level in the bedroom space inside the house, and efforts will be needed to ensure safe evacuation in case of fire by establishing relevant standards.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to classify VR programs according to their characteristics and associations by the disaster management phase and firefighting school curriculum, and set priorities among VR fire training and training programs using AHP analysis., The relative priority is given considering its importance and urgency. As a result of the study, firefighting education and training classes showed the highest level of response. The relative priority of the subcategories was highest in the prevention stage. The simulation implementation for the evacuation experience was highest in closed spaces, such as a subway, and the simulation for the special firefighting vehicle was highest in the contrast phase. In the response phase, real fire simulation training was the highest. In the recovery phase, virtual reality training was the most effective in determining the fire situation based on the fire database.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

The comparative analysis of fire-driven flow simulation for Dae-Gu subway station was performed using FDS and Fluent. The boundary condition was obtained from analyzed data for Dae-Gu subway fire accident which had been outbreaked in 2003 year. The smoke flow in the second and third basement has been analyzed. The CO and temperature distribution in the train units and station platform have been obtained with FDS and FLUENT and compared with each other. Total simulation time is 600s and the results are compared of each 10sec The analyzed data will be applied to the passenger evacuation simulation for Dae-Gu subway station and used to optimal design method.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.505-507
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• 2010

In this paper, the comparison on the fire driven smoke flow for platform types was conducted in the Deeply Underground Subway Station. Soongsil-University station (47m depth) as a bank type platform and Mandeok Station as a island type platform were selected for fire numerical simulation. The characteristics of fire driven smoke-flows were analyzed from the simulation results. The proper plan of evacuation against fire for each type was considered through the results.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.14-19
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• 2016

When an interior fire occurs in an apartment building, pollution of the entrance area by fire smoke before an air fan operates makes the evacuation of people very difficult aswhen the fire doors are opened. Numerical simulations using Fire Dynamics Simulator were conducted to determine the impact of a sprinkler on the fire flow velocity. The fire flow velocity was compared depending on the presence of sprinklers and the sprayed droplet size. The configuration and actual dimensions of an apartment building were used in the numerical simulations. The simulation results showed that fire flow velocity becomes smaller when a sprinkler is installed. In addition, the smaller droplet size results in a smaller fire flow velocity because smaller droplets can be evaporated more easily.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.367-375
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• 2024

Draft curtains are an important tool to reduce the spread of fire smoke in buildings. This paper mainly studies the influence of draft curtains on smoke spread in a hospital outpatient building with a spacious hall. The outpatient building of a county hospital in China is taken as the research object, and a fire simulation model is established based on PyroSim software. Four scenarios are designed: no draft curtains in the hall, draft curtains with a length of 1.5m in the hall, draft curtains with a length of 2.0m in the hall, and draft curtains with a length of 2.5m in the hall. At the same time, considering the worst situation, only the main emergency exit is opened, while the remaining emergency exits and windows are all closed, and the fire-fighting facilities are not activated. The detection point is set at the open emergency exit, 1.8m above the ground. Through the simulation of four scenarios, the effect of draft curtains on smoke spread is discussed from four aspects: smoke layer height, temperature, visibility, and CO concentration. The results show that draft curtains have a significant impact on the spread of smoke in a hospital outpatient building with a spacious hall. The longer the draft curtains are, the better the smoke-blocking effect. It should be noted that in the actual design, the length of the draft curtains should be considered without affecting the evacuation of personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 2015

The offshore plant crews that were commissioned in the commercial startup phase boarded the offshore plant in two shifts until the end of the project. The crews who were hired by the owner side stayed in the original offshore plant during the project. However, most of the offshore plant commissioned members who were dispatched from the shipyard were accommodated in the offshore accommodation barge. For this reason, they were exposed to many accidents since there are a lot of people staying in a small space. This study suggested a method for improving survival rate at offshore accommodation barge in terms of life safety. It is assumed that the fire accident among unfortunate events which take place in the offshore accommodation barge mainly occurred. So, this study analyzed the safety evacuation for offshore plant employees using fire simulation model based on both domestic and international law criteria. In particular, When fire occurs in the offshore accommodation barge, the periodically well trained crews are followed safety evacuation procedure. whereas many employees who have different background such as various occupations, cultural differences, races and nationality can be commissioned with improper evacuation behaviors. As a result, the risk will be greater than normal situation due to these inappropriate behaviors. Therefore, This study analyzed the Required Safe Escape Time (RSET) and Available Safe Escape Time (ASET). Also it was suggested the improvement of structure design and additional arrangement of safety equipment to improve the survival rate of the residents in offshore accommodation barge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.1 s.73
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

A study on fire phenomena in a subway transit mass station has been carried out as a part of disaster prevention plan at the subway station. The ventilation facilities installed in both the platform and the trackway are designed to convert into a smoke exhaust system in emergency situation, creating such an environment as necessary for evacuation. 3 dimensional Numerical Simulations based on the CFD are carried out using a simulation tool, Fire Dynamic Simulator. Additionally, four different vent modes are made and performances are compared with the original design mode and each other to find better operation of vents at both the platform and the trackway in case of fire. From the result, an vent operational characteristics under the condition of installed PSD is clarified for the effective smoke and heat removal from the platform area compared with non installed PSD.