• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.417-430
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• 2014

본 연구는 현재 NASA에서 제공되는 operational OMI HCHO 관측 값에서 에러를 발견하여, 월평균 HCHO 자료의 시계열에 4 차 다항식을 피팅함으로써 구한 배경 모수화(parameterization)값을 이용하여 OMI HCHO 자료의 보정을 수행하였다. 보정후의 OMI HCHO는 동태평양과 서태평양 지역에서 -1.48%, 0.65%/year 경향성을 보였으며 이 수치는 GOME(-0.99%, 1.1%/year)과 SCAIMACHY(-0.92%, 0.03%/year)의 경향성과 유사한 결과이며 적절하게 비정상적인 배경 HCHO 농도의 증가가 제거되었음을 나타낸다. 이 자료의 검증과 분석은 EOF와 SVD 통계적 분석 방법을 사용하여 아프리카 지역에서 다양한 위성 관측 값과의 (HCHO, CO, $NO_2$ 그리고 firecount) 시공간 변동성의 일치성을 비교 분석함으로써 수행되었다. 아프리카에서 MOPITT CO, OMI $NO_2$, SCIAMAHCY 그리고 OMI HCHO의 EOF와 SVD 분석 결과는 생태계화재(biomass burning)의 시공간 변동성 분포와 매우 높은 일치성을 보여준다. 그러나 OMI HCHO 관측 값은 화재가 가장 강하게 발생하는 지역의 풍하측에서 최대 값이 보이며, 화재 발생이 가장 높은 1월에 다소 낮은 HCHO 값이 보이는 등 시공간적으로 생태계 화제 분포와 차이를 보인다. 이것의 원인으로 우리는 이 지역의 열대우림의 식물활동(biogenic activity)영향으로는 설명할 수 없고, biomass burning 에어로졸에 의한 잘못된 AMF 계산이 OMI HCHO 산출에 사용됨으로써 발생한 오차라는 것을 밝혔다. AMF와 관련된 오차가 적절하게 보정된다면, 아프리카 지역의 HCHO 시공간 변동성은 생태계 화제의 변동성을 따를 것이라 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 통계적 기법이 위성 자료를 평가하는데 매우 효율적인 방법임을 제안한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2023

Even at this point in the era of digital transformation, we are still facing many problems in the safety sector that cannot prevent the occurrence or spread of human casualties. When you are in an unexpected emergency, it is often difficult to respond only with human physical ability. Human casualties continue to occur at construction sites, manufacturing plants, and multi-use facilities used by many people in everyday life. If you encounter a situation where normal judgment is impossible in the event of an emergency at a life site where there are still many safety blind spots, it is difficult to cope with the existing manual guidance method. New variable guidance technology, which combines artificial intelligence and digital twin, can make it possible to prevent casualties by processing large amounts of data needed to derive appropriate countermeasures in real time beyond identifying what safety accidents occurred in unexpected crisis situations. When a simple control method that divides and monitors several CCTVs is digitally converted and combined with artificial intelligence and 3D digital twin control technology, intelligence augmentation (IA) effect can be achieved that strengthens the safety decision-making ability required in real time. With the enforcement of the Serious Disaster Enterprise Punishment Act, the importance of distributing a smart location guidance system that urgently solves the decision-making delay that occurs in safety accidents at various industrial sites and strengthens the real-time decision-making ability of field workers and managers is highlighted. The smart location guidance system that combines artificial intelligence and digital twin consists of AIoT HW equipment, wireless communication NW equipment, and intelligent SW platform. The intelligent SW platform consists of Builder that supports digital twin modeling, Watch that meets real-time control based on synchronization between real objects and digital twin models, and Simulator that supports the development and verification of various safety management scenarios using intelligent agents. The smart location guidance system provides on-site monitoring using IoT equipment, CCTV-linked intelligent image analysis, intelligent operating procedures that support workflow modeling to immediately reflect the needs of the site, situational location guidance, and digital twin virtual fencing access control technology. This paper examines the limitations of traditional fixed passive guidance methods, analyzes global technology development trends to overcome them, identifies the digital transformation properties required to switch to intelligent variable smart location guidance methods, explains the characteristics and components of AI-based public facility smart fire safety integrated system (ISFS).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2005

Injury has recently become a major world-wide health problem. Injury related deaths occur in many actively working young people and produce major social and economical losses. However health related specialists do not recognize the importance of injury and there have not been many studies related to this problem. This research studied the trends of injury related research in Korea, mortality rate and prevalence rate, socio-economical losses and control in Korea and out of the country, based on literature from Korea and without such as statistical yearly reports on causes of deaths and OECD health reports, as well as WHO web sites. Studies in Korea about injury were very few, with 9 in the 1960's, 5 in the 1980's, 4 in the 1990's and 5 in 2000's. Mortality rate of injury was higher in Korea than in England, USA or Japan, especially in car accidents, suicide and falls. In Korea, the yearly trends in mortality rates were highest in car accidents but those rates are falling, suicide is steadily rising, with highest rate in 2003. Falls is in second rank with no change in rates. In 2003, the ten causes of death in Korea were suicide in 5th rank, transport accidents in 7th rank, and falls in 10th rank. Considering age groups, in the teens, transport accidents were 1st rank, in the 20's and 30's, suicide was 1st rank, and although there were some differences, falls, drowning, assault, fire were in the top 10. Prevalence rates of injury could not be known, but in 2001, according to the National Health and Nutrition Survey, lifelong injury was 10%, and yearly major injury was 1.3%, major injury for two weeks was 0.1%, and minor injury was 10%. In other foreign countries, injury has become to be recognized as a major health related problem, and much programs are being set up to reduce injury related deaths and injuries. WHO is putting much effort in prevention of violence and transport accidents, and in the USA, Canada and Europe, there are injury surveillance systems. Recently, as suicide is increasing rapidly and providing much problems, each country are managing suicide prevention programs. In Korea, Ministry of Construction and Transportation is managing and guiding the policies for prevention of transport accidents. In September of 2004, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has set up a 5 year plan of suicide prevention.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.715-732
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• 2009

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2008. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Research trends in thermal and fluid engineering have been surveyed in the categories of general fluid flow, fluid machinery and piping, new and renewable energy, and fire. Well-developed CFD technologies were widely applied in developing facilities and their systems. New research topics include fire, fuel cell, and solar energy. Research was mainly focused on flow distribution and optimization in the fields of fluid machinery and piping. Topics related to the development of fans and compressors had been popular, but were no longer investigated widely. Research papers on micro heat exchangers using nanofluids and micro pumps were also not presented during this period. There were some studies on thermal reliability and performance in the fields of new and renewable energy. Numerical simulations of smoke ventilation and the spread of fire were the main topics in the field of fire. (2) Research works on heat transfer presented in 2008 have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, industrial heat exchangers, and ground heat exchangers. Research on heat transfer characteristics included thermal transport in cryogenic vessels, dish solar collectors, radiative thermal reflectors, variable conductance heat pipes, and flow condensation and evaporation of refrigerants. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, examined are research on micro-channel plate heat exchangers, liquid cooled cold plates, fin-tube heat exchangers, and frost behavior of heat exchanger fins. Measurements on ground thermal conductivity and on the thermal diffusion characteristics of ground heat exchangers were reported. (3) In the field of refrigeration, many studies were presented on simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump systems. Switching between various operation modes and optimizing the refrigerant charge were considered in this research. Studies of heat pump systems using unutilized energy sources such as sewage water and river water were reported. Evaporative cooling was studied both theoretically and experimentally as a potential alternative to the conventional methods. (4) Research papers on building facilities have been reviewed and divided into studies on heat and cold sources, air conditioning and air cleaning, ventilation, automatic control of heat sources with piping systems, and sound reduction in hydraulic turbine dynamo rooms. In particular, considered were efficient and effective uses of energy resulting in reduced environmental pollution and operating costs. (5) In the field of building environments, many studies focused on health and comfort. Ventilation. system performance was considered to be important in improving indoor air conditions. Due to high oil prices, various tests were planned to examine building energy consumption and to cut life cycle costs.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2019

본 논문은 한국농림기상학회지 발간 20주년을 맞이하여 지난 20년 동안 학회지에 게재된 산림기상 관련 논문을 분석함으로써 그동안 수행된 산림기상 분야의 연구 추세를 진단함과 동시에, 앞으로의 산림기상 연구의 방향을 전망하고자 하였다. 산림기상 관련 논문은 총 220편으로 전체 게재된 논문의 35.5%인 것으로 분석되었다. 그동안 구체적으로 어느 분야의 연구가 수행되었는지를 평가하기 위해 전체 220편의 산림기상 논문을 7개 영역으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 분류된 연구 주제는 산림기상과 산불, 산림기상과 수목생리, 산림기상과 산림보호, 산악지역 미기상, 기후와 산림생장, 기후와 산림식생분포, 그리고 기후변화와 산림생태계의 7개 영역이다. 게재된 220편의 산림기상 관련 논문은 앞에서 분류한 7개 영역에 복수로 포함될 수도 있는 주제를 다루고 있어, 일부 논문의 경우에는 분류에 어려움이 있었다. 이러한 경우 가장 유사한 영역에 포함되도록 조치하였으며, 또한 일부 논문의 경우 저자가 산림분야의 연구자가 아님에도 불구하고 산림을 대상으로 산림기상 연구를 수행한 경우가 많았다. 이 경우에는 저자에 상관없이 모두 산림기상 관련 논문으로 취급하여 분류하였다. 전체적으로 보면, 산림기상과 수목생리 관련 논문이 총 54편으로 가장 많고, 기후와 산림생장이 49편, 산악지역 미기상이 47편으로 이 3개 분야의 논문이 전체의 68.2%를 차지하고 있다. 반면에 기후변화와 산림생태계 관련 논문이 10편으로 가장 적었고, 다음은 산림기상과 산불이 16편, 산림기상과 산림보호가 21편, 그리고 기후와 산림식생분포가 23편인 것으로 분석되었다. 이상의 7개 영역의 논문을 세부적으로 분석한 결과, 해당 영역 내에서 다양한 주제의 연구가 수행된 것으로 파악되었다. 산림생태계의 현상은 기상조건과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다. 따라서 다양한 산림분야의 연구는 기상조건을 고려하여 수행되어야 좀 더 정확한 결과를 도출할 수 있다. 그동안 사용가능한 산림기상 자료의 부족 등으로 인하여 산림기상 관련 연구에 한계가 있었던 것이 사실이다. 하지만 최근에 이루어진 산림수치기후도의 제작, 산림기상관측망의 확충, 산악 지역 내의 플럭스 관측망 설치, 기후변화 시나리오의 사용 등은 앞으로 산림기상 관련 연구의 활성화에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 뿐만 아니라 위성영상이나 산림지리정보시스템 등과 같은 과학기술의 접목과 함께 첨단 통계기법의 적용은 산림기상 분야의 연구를 양적 그리고 질적으로 크게 성장시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2017

과학의 발전과 함께 미디어 매체 또한 발전하였고, 이를 활용한 여러 분야 중 선거를 위한 홍보 전략 역시 점차 진화하였다. 미디어가 발달함에 따라 커뮤니케이션이 더욱 부각되어가고 있는 현재, 유권자들은 스마트 디바이스 어플리케이션을 활용하여 원활한 소통을 바탕으로 유권자들에게 더욱 적극적으로 다가가려 하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 변화하는 선거 현장에 맞추고, 체계적으로 선거 활동을 지원할 수 있는 구글의 FCM 푸시 서비스를 기반으로 정보 시스템을 개발하고 적용하여 시스템이 영향을 주는 변수가 무엇인지 실증분석을 통하여 선거 과정의 목표를 달성하는 것에 도움이 되고자 한다. 후보자 소통 유도 푸시 어플리케이션의 전체 시스템은 유권자 어플리케이션과 관리 시스템으로 구성된다. 관리 시스템은 메시지 전송 이력 열람과 메시지 관리, 어플리케이션의 직접 관리 기능을 포함한다. 이 시스템을 통해 기존의 방법들보다 더욱 진보된 기법을 활용한 푸시 시스템으로 어플리케이션을 관리할 수 있어 선거 홍보 효율성 향상에 기여 및 선거 목표달성에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.934-939
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• 2012

To investigate and characterize basic patterns of prehypertension. Participants were divided into three groups; ideal blood pressure(n=40), prehypertension(n=62), and stage 1 hypertension groups(n=68) according to the JNC 7 standards. They answered questionnaire asking various symptoms and received clinical examination. Data were collected and analyzed in the focus of three Zheng patterns, cold-heat, deficiency-excess and four major hypertension types. Analysis of variance was used to find differences among groups. In addition, relationship between the cold-heat trends and risk factors of hypertension were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Three risk factors; age, body mass index (BMI), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) showed intergroup differences. Statistical significances were revealed in the cold-heat pattern and two hypertension subtypes. The cold scores decreased from $4.8{\pm}1.84$ to $3.9{\pm}1.88$ and $3.7{\pm}1.27$ (p=0.022), while the heat increased from $1.9{\pm}1.32$ to $2.8{\pm}1.72$ and $2.8{\pm}1.48$ (p=0.009). Additionally two hypertension subtypes, the excessive liver fire, and the yin-yang deficiency showed significant differences. Cold had negative correlations with blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic), BMI, triglyceride, and FBS. Heat had positive correlations with systolic blood pressure, BMI, triglyceride, and FBS. Prehypertension could be characterized by using the cold-heat patterns. The cold-heat are correlated with Blood pressure, BMI, blood lipids and sugar.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.451-462
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• 2011

석면은 내화성, 전기에 대한 절연성 및 화학약품에 대한 저항성이 강하여 산업 전반에 걸쳐 다양한 용도로 우리의 생활 주변에서 흔히 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 석면은 석면섬유형태에 따라 독성을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문은 석면 폐기물의 처리 기술과 환경오염 문제해결을 위한 기술동향 정보를 제공할 목적으로 KISTI에서 운영하는 특허 검색시스템을 사용하여 DWPI Database에서 석면 폐기물 처리기술을 검색 및 분석을 하였다. 그 결과, 석면 폐기물 처리에 관련 특허 분석 대상은 267건 검색되었다. 이들 중 고형 폐기물 처리(B09B)분야에서 86건(32.5%), 분리(B01D)분야에서 44건(16.6%) 및 석회, 마그네시아, 슬래그, 시멘트 및 그 조성물(C04B)분야에서 27건(10.2%)을 보여 주었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2012

친환경 건축물에 사용되는 미네랄울, 폴리우레탄 등 전통적인 단열재로부터 최근에 주목받고 있는 VIP (Vacuum Insulation Panel), 에어로젤, 그리고 미래기술로 연구되고 있는 VIM (Vacuum Insulation Material), DIM (Dynamic Insulation Material) 등 단열재 및 단열 시스템의 특성과 장단점을 비교하였다. 매우 낮은 열전도율을 지닌 VIP 및 에어로젤은 기존 단열재에 비해 에너지 소모를 줄일 수 있으므로 주거면적을 크게 확대할 수 있는 장점이 있으며, 특히 에어로젤은 반투명 및 투명재질로 만들 수 있어 건물에 응용될 수 있는 가능성이 매우 크다. 단열재는 낮은 열전도율뿐만 아니라, 건설현장 응용성, 기계적강도, 내화성, 비용 및 환경영향 등을 고려하여야 하므로, 전통적인 단열재 및 최신 단열재를 활용하고 지속적으로 개선시키는 노력을 해야 할 것이다.