• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

The leisure life pattern of people is changing to a familial and enthusiastic way that eventually develops the camping culture. Thus, the number of campers and the size of camping market have been dramatically increased due to significant expansion of camping people. However, many camp grounds and facilities are operating without a proper registration by government rules and regulations. In addition, many of electronic and gas equipment and tools are not used in a safe way and in a safety regulatory boundary. Therefore, campers at the camping ground is situated in a fire and safety hazard. In addition, there is limitation in rules and regulations associated with camping ground safety and fire. This study analyzed the fire and hazard guidelines and rules regulations of developed countries of campground and compared them to the current situation in South Korea. Therefore, this study is to develop a safety and fire hazard guidelines and rules and regulations related to camp ground operation, gas and electronic equipment operation and management. The study will eventually reduce the future fire and safety incidents in a campground in South Korea.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2010년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.75-78
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• 2010

고발포 소화약제의 발포력은 화재시 포소화약제의 성능을 검증하는데에 중요한 요소이다. 이러한 발포력 검증은 한국소방산업기술원의 "포소화약제의 형식승인 및 검정기술기준(KOFEIS 0103)"에서 제시하고 있는 표준발포기를 이용한 측정법을 통해 검증한다. 본 연구에서는 기존 방법의 제작 비용 및 측정의 번거로움을 보완하기 위한 약제 개발단계에서의 포소화약제 발포력 검증을 위한 실험실적인 측정법을 고안하여 적용성을 분석한다. 측정은 1000ml 시험관내에 3%의 수용액 $100m{\ell}$를 첨가하여 수용액 내부에 정량펌프를 통해 일정한 기포량 및 기포크기로 분사하여 발포시켰으며, 기포의 노즐은 거품의 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 마이크로 피펫팁 $0.2m{\ell}$ 용량을 사용하여 적용성을 분석하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2010년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

포소화약제는 다양한 설비(이동식, 고정자동식), 대형의 유류화재 적합, 대량 연속적 생산가능 약제의 특수성 및 장기보관이 가능한 특징이 있어 이에 대한 개발 및 연구가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 포소화약제는 주변의 온도 및 환경에 따라 발포력의 변화가 큰 특징이 있어 실제 겨울철 소방 활동시에는 사용을 자제하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사용온도에 따른 발포력 변화를 측정하며, 최적 발포율 도출을 위한 온도에 따른 적정 혼합율을 산정한다. 실험은 한국 소방산업기술원의 "포소화약제의 형식승인 및 검정기술기준(KOFEIS 0103)"에서 제시하고 있는 표준 발포기를 이용 측정하며, $5{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 혼합률에 따른 발포력 변화를 측정하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.582-589
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• 1997

Experiments were conducted to develop foaming agents by using SLES and DH-l09EX as raw material. PG (Propylene glycol) and BC (Butyl cellusolve) were adopted as subsidiary material. The undiluted foam solution was produced with these materials. This solution determined the expansion ratio, viscosity, drainage time and extinguishing ability of the final product. The results indicate that the expansion ratio is over 16 and drainage time is over one minute. The extinguishing ability for SLES system was succeeded in the unit of B-0.5.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2015

Fire fighter are exposed to the situations which are hard to predict due to continuous and accidental changes which hinder their fire fighting activity. As these threats of safety accident act as fear factors, they are doing insecure fire fighting activities. Therefore, as unclear and abnormal risks of working environment such as the riskiness of expansion of disaster, instability, obstacles of activities, abnormality, urgency, etc. increase, safety accidents are caused. This study analyzes the actual condition of safety and health and awareness of fire fighter who are exposed safety accidents during their fire fighting activities and utilize such result as the basis data to secure safety of fire fighter, keep efficient safety control and prevent accidents. The results of analysis are as follows. As rescue works among all fire-fighting works shows the highest emotional stabilization and the highest post-traumatic stress disorder is shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is 10-15 years, reinforcing safety training to long-term workers is necessary. As the result of survey regarding safety awareness, the highest awareness level was shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is over 20 years, and when it comes to operation of fire fighting equipments, fire-fighting workers and workers having 1-4 years of working period showed high safety awareness. The more serious injury in a fire fighter experienced as the first injury after working as a fire-fighter, the more cause-and-effect relationship was shown between personal physical condition and work, and it is shown as obstacles of fire fighting activities and affects to post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, as after-work off duty activities also affect to official disaster, systematic improvement of working environment is required. Occupational medical work compatibility evaluation considering the distinct characteristics of works to secure fire-fighter' health care together with fire-fighting capability is shown to be necessary.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 화재로 손상된 콘크리트의 손상 깊이 판정방법을 제안하고자 하였다. 고온에 노출된 콘크리트의 경우 내부 조직이 팽창하여 건전한 부위보다 손상부위의 공극이 다량 발생하고 미세균열이 발생됨에 따라 흡수율이 더 높아져 수중 침치후 건조를 하는과정에서 건전부위보다 손상부위의 늦은 건조속도와 이에 따른 명도차이에 의한 색상차이를 이용하여 손상 깊이를 측정하는 것이다. 수중 침지방법의 경우 배합별로 각각 38.7 및 37.5mm로 나타났는데, 기존 페놀프탈레인에 의한 중성화 측정 방법보다 손상깊이를 깊게 추정하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 Portlandite(Ca(OH)₂)의 존재여부에 따라 발색이 되는 페놀프탈레인법에 비해 조직이완에 따른 흡수율 원리를 이용한 손상 깊이를 측정하는 방법이 더 민감도가 높아 얻어진 결과로 사료된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2007

In order to verify the feasibility of expansion of back-fire limit equivalence ratio in the hydrogen-fueled engine with external mixture, the characteristics of performance and combustion are experimentally analyzed with change of intake/exhaust valve timings under the fixed valve overlap period of $0^{\circ}$ CA(non-valve overlap period). These characteristics are also tested for the change of exhaust valve closing timing while intake valve opening timing is fixed to clear the main cause of back-fire occurrence. As the results, the less valve overlap period center is retarded, the more back-fire limit equivalence ratio increases and back-fire does not occurred after TDC. In addition, it was shown that the control of back-fire is dependent on intake valve opening timing than valve overlap period.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

This survey was carried out to investigate the utilization situation of fire-wood boiler by the questionnaire and personal interview on rural and mountain households of Gangwon province from 1998 to 2005. The questionnaire include 7 questions on installation, 7 questions on fuel, 3 questions on use, and 3 questions on improvement. Each question was analyzed by percentage to investigate the use situation. This survey indicated that the general problems in use of fire-wood boiler are fuel purchase, collection and transportation, that the development of the household heating boiler using wood-based forming fuel which is cheap, small volume, easy handling, convenient purchase and high heat efficiency could be an alternative to improve the problems and that the continuous expansion of the supply of fire-wood boiler can prevent the devastation of forest through the regulation of imprudent fuel supply. Although the financial aid plan on the installation of fire-wood boiler is in active, many petty households in rural and mountain areas lose a chance to install the fire-wood boiler due to the unsatisfactory information. Thus, it will be desirable for municipal government to prepare the information plan to offer the equal chance and condition to all households in rural and mountain areas and to increase the financial aid for the continuous supply of fire-wood boiler.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2009

최근 소방행정 분야에 인력 및 각종 소방장비의 확충보강 등은 이루어 졌으나 소방장비분야에서는 주로양적 팽창만 이루어진 결과 유지 관리상에 여러 가지 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 소방장비는 특성상 실용성 경제성 내구성이 높고 꼭 필요한 곳에 사용될 수 있는 효과성을 갖고 있어야 하나 현실적인 유지관리 상태는 그렇지 못한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 소방장비 유지 관리에 대한 실태분석에서 도출된 문제점을 비교 분석하여 의사소통의 활성화, 최고 관리자의 관심과 지지, 전문성 확보, 현장에 적합한 장비 보급 등 소방장비의 효과적인 운용방안을 제시함.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2021

Concrete structures may rarely collapse in fire incidents but fire induced damage to structural members is inevitable as a result of material degradation and thermal expansion. This requires certain repairing measures to be applied to restore the performance of post-fire members. A brief review on investigation of post-fire damage of concrete material and concrete structural members is presented in this paper, followed by a review of post-fire repair research regarding various types of repairing techniques (FRP, steel plate, and concrete section enlargement) and different type of structural members including columns, beams, and slabs. Particularly, the fire scenarios adopted in these studies leading to damage are categorized as three levels according to the duration of gas-phase temperature above 600℃ (t₆₀₀). The repair effectiveness in terms of recovered performance of concrete structural members compared to the initial undamaged performance has been summarized and compared regarding the repairing techniques and fire intensity levels. The complied results have shown that recovering the ultimate strength is achievable but the stiffness recovery is difficult. Moreover, the current fire loading scenarios adopted in the post-fire repair research are mostly idealized as constant heating rates or standard fire curves, which may have produced unrealistic fire damage patterns and the associated repairing techniques may be not practical. For future studies, the realistic fire impact and the system-level structural damage investigation are necessary.