• 한국균학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 배나무 꽃에서 분리한 효모의 형태학적 특성 및 유전자 염기서열 분석을 통해 종을 동정하고, 사과와 배의 미숙과와 꽃사과의 꽃을 대상으로 화상병 발병 억제효과를 확인하고자 수행하였다. 효모의 형태적 특성을 조사한 결과 기존 A. pullulans의 특성과 일치하였으며, large-subunit (LSU) 26S ribosomal DNA의 D1/D2 영역과 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 영역의 염기서열을 분석한 결과 A. pullulans (MHAU2101)로 동정되었다. E. amylovora를 미숙과에 접종하기 전에A. pullulans MHAU2101을 처리할 경우 사과와 배의 미숙과에서 모두 화상병 병징이 나타나지 않았다. 꽃사과 꽃에서 화상병 방제 효과를 검정한 결과, A. pullulans MHAU2101 처리구는 무처리구에 비해 꽃 감염률이 유의하게 낮았으며, 스트렙토마이신 수화제 대비 64%의 방제효과를 보였다. 또한A. pullulans MHAU2101 처리구는 무처리구와 비교하여 암술과 화통 모두E. amylovora의 밀도가 낮았으며 특히 화통에서 밀도가 낮은 특징이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 국내 배나무 꽃에서 분리한A. pullulans MHAU2101이 화상병 발병을 억제하는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

This study analyzes the operational characteristics of 311 aged and non-aged residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs) in low-voltage consumer contexts. It investigates the influence of external temperature and harmonics based on the rated current multiples. To simulate temperature variations, a convectional oven was used around the circuit breakers. Additionally, the generation of harmonic reference signals and data measurement for overcurrent experiments were conducted using NI SCXI, myDAQ, and LabVIEW. An observation revealed that as the ambient temperature increased, the operating time of RCCBs decreased in the time delay region. This was attributed to the faster response or bending of the bimetal, which is the tripping element. However, aged RCCBs encountered challenges with tripping outside the protective curve. The operating time of the circuit breakers exhibited an acceleration influenced by the order and content of harmonic currents, potentially leading to malfunctions. Aged RCCBs demonstrated faster operating times than their non-aged counterparts. However, the difference in operating time varied based on the manufacturer's and operating environment of the RCCBs. Frequent malfunctions of RCCBs can result in power outages. In cases where these circuit breakers fail to operate, they can lead to secondary damages, including electrical fires and shocks. Consequently, it is imperative to consider the operating environment of RCCBs and provide appropriate replacement cycles to mitigate these risks.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

This analysis is accomplished by using 331 rescue and medical evacuation cases performed by KangWonDo Fire Service Department Aviation(KFSA-119 Heicopters) between Jan. 1998 and Oct. 2002. By analysing injury causes, annual differences, sexual, scenic(locaional) distribution and wounded part distribution, this study tried to figure out the general tendency of the helicopter-transported patients in Korea. The results are as follows; 1. The whole population of the patients rescued and transported by helicopters is increasing by the annual rate of 150%~200%. 2. For the locational (scenic) distribution of the patients, 57% (190 cases) of the target population were injured on their mountain-climbing or tracking. 3. 12% (41 cases) of the target population were the Inter-Hospital transport cases. 4. 6% (16 cases) were the expired cases. 5. for the wounded part distribution, 46% (106 cases) were muscular skeletal injuries. 6. The aircraft and personnel of the KFSA were rescue-oriented, so for the EMS operations especially inter-hospital transport missions, different medical equipments and personnels are needed.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.874-881
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• 2006

Combustion stability characteristics in actual full-scale combustion chamber of a rocket engine are investigated by experimental tests with the model (sub-scale) chamber. The present hot-fire tests adopt the combustion chamber with three configurations of triplet impinging-jet injectors such as F-O-O-F, F-O-F, and O-F-O configurations. Combustion stability bound-aries are obtained and presented by the parameters of combustion-chamber pressure and mixture (oxidizer/fuel) ratio. From the experimental tests, two instability regions are observed and the pressure oscillations have the similar patterns irrespective of injector configuration. But, the O-F-O injector configuration shows broader upper-instability region than the other configurations. To verify the instability mechanism for the lower and upper instability regions, air-purge acoustic test is conducted and the photograph or the flames is taken. As a result, it is found that the pressure oscillations in the two regions can be characterized by the first impinging point of hydraulic jets and pre-blowout combustion, respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is to arrange the literature about acupuncture therapy on the hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula. Methods : We arrange Huang Di Nei Jing and fifteen kinds of literature about the hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula. Results : 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool(const-ipation or diarrhea), uncontrol sexual excess or abstinence, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, fire, chronical hemorrhoids that has not been treated, and general weakness. 2. Symptom of hemorrhoids is that skin is projected form the nine holes or varicose extension to become hemorrhoid. Hemorrhoids is small nodosity that projected on the anal inter or outer region, and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula is pus which comes out form one or some fistula on the anal around inter and outer region. 3. Therapy method of hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are elimination pathological heat from blood, promote blood flow to remove blood stasis, cold in nature and purge away fire, remove heat form the blood, promote blood flow to remove blood stasis, cold in nature and purge away fire, remove heat from the blood and eliminate dampness, tonify the spleen and replenish Ki, dispel wind and alleviate pain and so forth. Therapy method of hemorrhoid is to give the first consideration to relieve blood: eliminating pathological heat form blood complicated by anal fistula is to tonify the blood first, than after that eliminating pathological heat form blood. About external method are method of fumigation, method of ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method and also operation(injection, bind etc.)was used for treatment. 4. The prescription are Gurgak-hwan, Wypi-hwan, Gunggyi-tang, Jingyochangchul-tang, Jingyobangpung-tang, Mokhyangbinrang-hwan, Ochi-san, Gamihyanso-san, Jojang-hwan, Sinyung-hwan used frequently. 5. food taboo on patient's diet of the hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are raw grain, cold or dampness food, alcohol, hot food, Singiberis rhizoma recens, Cinnamomi ramulus. 6. Acupuncture therapy on the hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are, in the first stage eliminating pathological heat form blood and eliminate dampness, and in the long term eliminate dampness, promote and remove meridian energy, remove that form the intestines, dispel channels and collaterals. 7. Acupuncture points at B2, CV1, B58, B36, B56, Sp5, S30, B25, B54, GV1, GV20, L6, B40 used frequently for the acupuncture therapy, and acupuncture point at GV4, GV1, B30, hemorrhoidal point used form moxibustion. Reduction blood at B40 and blue capillary of Sp9 and acupuncture Chungbaek, Ki-gack, Ki-jung, Ki-mun(Dongsh Kihyel) makes the treatment very effective.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2008

The GC-rich discriminator sequence between the -10 region and the transcription start site of the rnpB promoter is responsible for stringent control of M1 RNA synthesis. The rnpB promoter also contains a G nucleotide at the previously identified transcription start site. In this study, we examined by mutagenesis of G to A whether this +1G nucleotide is involved in the stringent response. We found that the change did not alter the stringent response. Since the +1 mutation might alter transcription initiation, we compared the transcription start sites of the wt and mutant promoters by primer extension analysis. Surprisingly, we found that wild type rnpB transcription starts at both the +1G position (70%) and the -1C position (30%), and that the +1A mutation led to transcription initiation exclusively at the -1C position. We also generated two transversion mutations at the -1 position, both of which led to transcription starting exclusively at that position. The -1G mutant promoter gave a stringent signal similar to the wild-type, whereas the -1A mutant generated a significantly less stringent signal. Base on these results, we propose that a short sequence, up to 7 bp downstream of the -10 region, is involved in the stringent response of the rnpB promoter.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.551-564
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• 2021

The use of clean energy based on the hydrogen economy is increasing rapidly due to the greenhouse gas reduction policies and the increase in the need for hydrogen. Currently, South Korea government have been considering a plan to construct hydrogen refueling stations at expressway service area for the purpose of supplying hydrogen vehicles. In the case of a hydrogen refueling stations, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) must be performed because it includs and uses a high pressurized hydrogen storage tank. In this study, QRA was conducted using societal risk and F-N curve by the consequence assessment (CA) of jet fire and explosion according to the population density, capacity of the high pressurized hydrogen storage tank and frequency assessment (FA) data to the general hydrogen refueling stations systems in expressway service area. In the cases of jet with a leak diameter of 7.16 mm, regardless of expressway service area location, the societal risk was over 1E-04 that was acceptable for as Low As reasonably practicable (ALARP) region (workforce), but unacceptable for ALARP region (public). In the cases of gas explosion, all expressway service area satisfy ALARP region. In the case of the population density is over 0.0727, QRA for constructing the hydrogen refueling stations, must be conducted.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2018

Many electronic devices are powered by various rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion recently, and occasionally the batteries undergo thermal runaway and cause fire, explosion, and other hazards. If a battery fire should occur in an electronic device of vehicle and aircraft cabin, it is important to quickly extinguish the fire and cool the batteries to minimize safety risks. Attempts to minimize these risks have been carried out by many researchers but the results have been still unsatisfied. Because most rechargeable batteries are operated on the ion state during charge and discharge of electricity and the combustion of ion state has big difference with normal combustion. Here we focused on the effect of ions including an electron during combustion process. The effects of an ionized fuel on the flame stability and the combustion products were experimentally investigated in the propane jet diffusion flames. The burner used in this experiment consisted of 7.5 mm diameter tube for fuel and the propane was ionized with th ionizer (SUNJE, SPN-11). The results show that toe overall flame stability and shape such as flame length has no significant difference even in the higher ion concentration. However the fuel ionization affects to the pollutant emissions such as NOx and soot. NOx and CO emissions measured in post flame region decreased by fuel ionization, especially high fuel velocity, i.e. high ion density. TGA analysis and morphology of soot by TEM indicates that the fuel ionization makes soot to be matured.

• 지질공학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2024

This study assesses forest fire susceptibility in Gangwon-do, South Korea, which hosts the largest forested area in the nation and constitutes ~21% of the country's forested land. With 81% of its terrain forested, Gangwon-do is particularly susceptible to wildfires, as evidenced by the fact that seven out of the ten most extensive wildfires in Korea have occurred in this region, with significant ecological and economic implications. Here, we analyze 480 historical wildfire occurrences in Gangwon-do between 2003 and 2019 using 17 predictor variables of wildfire occurrence. We utilized three machine learning algorithms—random forest, logistic regression, and support vector machine—to construct wildfire susceptibility prediction models and identify the best-performing model for Gangwon-do. Forest and soil map data were integrated as important indicators of wildfire susceptibility and enhanced the precision of the three models in identifying areas at high risk of wildfires. Of the three models examined, the random forest model showed the best predictive performance, with an area-under-the-curve value of 0.936. The findings of this study, especially the maps generated by the models, are expected to offer important guidance to local governments in formulating effective management and conservation strategies. These strategies aim to ensure the sustainable preservation of forest resources and to enhance the well-being of communities situated in areas adjacent to forests. Furthermore, the outcomes of this study are anticipated to contribute to the safeguarding of forest resources and biodiversity and to the development of comprehensive plans for forest resource protection, biodiversity conservation, and environmental management.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

가상광고는 컴퓨터 그래픽을 이용하여 스포츠영상과 같은 미디어제작영상에 제품의 이미지, 로고, 선전문구 등을 삽입하는 광고기법이다. 최근 영상처리 기술과 컴퓨터 성능의 상승으로 인해 스포츠영상에 가상광고를 삽입하기 위한 기술적인 요소가 충족되어 영상 내에 가상광고의 삽입이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 또한 자동적인 가상광고 삽입을 위한 영상 처리 기술이 가상광고 영역에서 중요한 연구 분야로 자리 잡고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 스포츠 영상 내에서 자동적으로 가상광고를 삽입하기 위해 영상처리 기법과 기계학습을 활용하여 저정보 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 영상의 밝기 정도를 히스토그램을 통해 분석하고 기계학습 방법을 활용하여 저정보 영역을 추출한다.